板式家具设计与制造中的减碳技术与应用

随着我国对环保的日益重视,以人造板为主要原料的板式家具适应绿色健康发展理念。介绍了板式家具主要材料以及板式家具主要原材料分类,分析了板式家具设计与制造中的减碳技术,为板式家具设计及制造企业能获得更好的社会和经济效益提供参考。     

Introduction to the International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health and research progress in lipid science and health

The International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health (ISLSH), which was organized annually by Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (OCRI-CAAS) since 2016, has gained a strong reputation and attracted hundreds of delegates from around the world for discussion of lipid research trends and advances every year, to promote research and academic exchanges in the fields of lipid science and health. The 5th International Symposium on lipid Science and Health was successfully held in Wuhan, China, from October 23rd to 25th, 2020, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of OCRI-CAAS. The two-day symposium gathered well-known experts specialized in lipid science to share the current state of lipid research with emphasis on aspects covering: (1) lipid profiling and characterization, (2) lipid preparation and modification, (3) lipid improvement and regulation, and (4) lipid nutrition and health. The symposium was conducted by a combination of on-site and network meeting. More than 250 distinguished delegates from academia and industry participated in the on-site multidisciplinary meeting, and thousands of scholars attended the virtual event. This paper is as a record of the symposium proceedings and a brief summary of the advances and trends in 4 aspects of lipid science and health.     

汽车变速器齿轮修形仿真分析

汽车变速器的关键部件齿轮因其加工和装配质量的影响,工作时容易引起振动噪声大及承载能力降低等问题,而齿轮修形是解决这些问题的有效方法,且成本较低。针对某款汽车变速器,利用Romax对齿轮进行修形分析。结果表明,修形后减小了齿轮的传动误差和最大接触应力,齿面载荷分布更加合理。有效改善了齿轮的传动性能,增加了齿轮寿命。     

木质材料的表面劣化与木材保护的研究

本试验以枫桦(Betula costata Trautv)、紫椴(Tilia amurensis Rupr)木材单板和凸版纸、新闻纸、条纹牛皮纸、书写纸、胶版纸和朴克原纸为试材,借助于电子自旋共振波谱仪和扫描电子显微镜观测和分析了经室内、外暴露和人造紫外光辐射期间各种木质材料表面化学和表面性状的变化;提出了抑制木材表面劣化,保护木材的处理方法。研究结果表明,采用电子自旋共振波谱仪和扫描电子显微镜可以监测木质材料的劣化过程。采用化学药剂处理和油漆涂饰处理均可抑制紫外光对木材表面的光化降解,其中用浓度为5％的三氧化铬溶液或三氯化铁溶液处理木材其保护作用显著,能够改善木材的耐候性能。     

木材干燥应力连续监测方法的研究

本文在卡普法的基础上，提出了木材干燥应力连续监测方法，并设计了所需的配套装置。该方法采用涡流传感器对干燥过程中卡普片的矢高进行连续测试，同时通过计算机自动采集、存储数据。结果表明：矢高与干燥时间存在精密的相关性，它们之间的相关系数大部分达到0．99以上，从而实现了木材干燥应力的自动与连续监测。     

进口木地板坯料应注意的问题

本文提出了进口木地板坯料时应考虑南北气候差异及木材密度等材性差异来确定留有不同的加工余量，并建议海关按照国际惯例制定以净尺寸材积作为计税材积的标准，避免各港口实行不同征税标准，给企业进口地板坯料带来诸多困难。该建议已引起海关总署重视，并委托国家林业局起草单耗标准。     

福建林区运材汽车评价模式的探讨

根据福建林区道路状况，结合农用货车性能特点，建立运材汽车评价模式，对福建林区四种有代表性的运材汽车进行了评价、并按综合性能优劣进行排序。研究结果发现：HFC1060为最优车型，NJ1060为次优型。     

改善E1级胶合板用UF胶粘剂预压性能的研究

利用氧化淀粉在树脂合成后期、API在调胶时加入分别对脲醛树脂进行改性，探讨改性UF对胶合板预压强度的影响。采用正交实验法对比改性后胶合板的预压性能和改性后胶合板的甲醛释放量的变化。结果表明：随着API量的加大，胶合板的预压性能得以提高；而氧化淀粉改性后则随着量的加大，一定范围内胶合板的预压性能得以提高，加入量继续加大后反而下降。     

Comparison of cavity modification and community involvement as strategies for hornbill conservation in Thailand

We monitored breeding success of hornbills in Thailand for four sympatric species at Khao Yai National Park during 1981-2002 and six species at Budo-Sungai Padi National Park during 1994-2002. Within a 60 km² study area at Khao Yai, the well protected area, use of available cavities ranged from 94% in 1984 to 50% in 1993. Competition for nesting cavities was 40% of cavities available indicating the shortage of suitable cavity. We monitored the cavity condition and modified 48 cavities and, between 1996 and 2000, these contributed annually 23-45% of nestings that were successfully fledged (n = 352). Within the 90 km² at Budo Mountain, with heavy human disturbance, use of available cavities for nesting decreased from 81% in 1997 to 30% by 2001 and of successful fledging from 96% in 1997 to 55% in 1999, but both increased once our involvement with local communities had eradicated poaching and reduced disturbance. Competition for nesting cavities here was 26% of cavities available indicating the effect of poaching. Both strategies were successful in the short term but long-term management of cavities in large forest trees is required at Khao Yai and of forest disturbance at Budo.     

Ultrastructural Localization of Hydrogen Peroxide in Host Leaves Treated with AK-toxin I Produced by Alternaria alternata Japanese Pear Pathotype

The rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), called the oxidative burst, is one of the earliest host responses to pathogen infection or elicitor treatments. Therefore, we looked for the induction of ROS generation in Japanese pear leaves by the host-specific toxin, AK-toxin I using a cytochemical method for detecting H₂O₂. A small amount of non-specific generation of H₂O₂ was found in the cell walls in toxin- and water-treated susceptible and resistant leaves. Thus, the generation of H₂O₂ at cell walls appears to be caused by wounding stress during sampling. Specific generation of ROS, however, was found only in the membrane fragments and extended desmotubules characteristic of modified sites of the plasma membrane in the toxin-treated susceptible leaves. In addition, generation of H₂O₂ at plasma membranes was observed with higher frequency in toxin-treated susceptible leaves. This result indicates that the H₂O₂ generation was associated with damaged sites in the plasmalemma after toxin treatment and perhaps with the formation of membrane fragments from altered portions of the invaginated plasma membrane. Received 21 September 2001/ Accepted in revised form 25 October 2001