中国与俄罗斯农业合作状况与发展思路

农业是人类的生存之本,也是中国的根基产业。自“一带一路”倡议提出以来,中国农业农村部等部门,不断开辟新的领域,积极推动与沿线国家的农业合作发展。俄罗斯是中国“一带一路”战略的重要合作伙伴,两国长期在农业方面互有合作,但目前合作的规模还较小,效率还较低,尚未达到预期效果。在经济全球化趋势愈加明显的背景下,中俄两国应抓住机遇,不断深化两国在农业方面的合作,以推动双方农业经济发展。本文通过简述俄罗斯农业现状,并通过对两国在农产品贸易、农业投资、农业教育与科技合作等方面的具体情况与存在问题进行分析,提出了推动中俄两国农业合作的思路,以期为国内各部门和相关企业与俄罗斯开展农业合作提供参考。     

俄罗斯联邦的森林资源及其特性

俄罗斯联邦森林资源极为丰富,在世界上占有重要地位,其森林资源本身具有地域分布的不均匀性、变动的相对稳定性、针叶树种及成过熟林蓄积的优势性十分明显。这些特点为中俄林业合作开发亚洲地区的森林资源奠定了良好的物质基础。     

谈在俄罗斯投资建设MDF项目的相关建设条件

MDF项目在我国已进入快速发展的时期,而俄罗斯尚处在起步阶段.科学把握市场动态,利用有利的建设条件,将MDF移植至俄罗斯,是森工企业发展外向型林业产业,促进中俄林业经济技术合作的一个重要选项.     

大果沙棘人工林种群结构点格局分析

根据对孙吴县大河口林场大果沙棘样地的调查结果,通过采用点格局分析法对大果沙棘人工林单种群、种群内不同发育阶段大果沙棘个体的分布格局与空间关联性进行了研究.结果表明,大果沙棘人工林单种群的空间点格局在所研究的尺度呈显著集群分布;不同林龄大果沙棘个体点格局在研究尺度主要表现出集群分布,并在一定的尺度范国内表现出随机分布;在种群不同发育阶段的关联性上,邻近的发育阶段在小尺度范围内表现为负相关,表明其存在种间竞争,在大尺度范围表现出无关联性,表明其相互关系并不协调,只有其中某几个发育阶段表现出正相关的关系.依靠点格局方法分析不同尺度的格局,存在明显的优越性.     

Assessment of motivation and attitudes of forest industry companies toward forest certification in northwestern Russia

This study explores for the first time the attitudes and motivation associated with forest certification among forest industry companies in northwestern Russia. Interviews were carried out in the form of a structured questionnaire including 35 forest industry companies operating in northwestern Russia. Although development of certification in individual companies was initiated by general market demand, representatives of certified companies also emphasized the importance of internal corporate policy. Certified and noncertified groups of respondents identified market demand as a main driving force influencing development of forest certification. Ensuring the legality of wood origin, company's image and competitiveness of wood products were recognized as the most important benefits associated with forest certification. Absence of mandatory requirements from authorities and customers appeared to be the largest obstacle among both groups of respondents. Representatives of noncertified companies pointed out economic inaccessibility and low level of preparedness of management as of high importance, which is mainly associated with absence of quality management system. The results of the study indicated a general positive attitude on forest certification; it was noticed that respondents have gaps in understanding the principles and limited awareness with regards to forest certification, especially among noncertified forest industry companies.     

俄罗斯杨树几个品系区域化试验

通过引进俄罗斯新西伯利亚杨树N12、N2、N25、SL-1、N21和高加索6个品系,在黑河、大兴安岭和伊春地区进行区域化对比试验.结果表明:高加索品系在黑河地区生长表现较好,N2品系在大兴安岭和伊春地区生长表现较好,且各品系在区域化试验地未发生冻害及病虫害.经综合测试和评价后初步认为,高加索品系可在黑河区域栽培示范推广...     

沙棘根系形态解剖特征与其生态适应性研究

利用光学显微镜对沙棘的4个种类,不同立地条件的沙棘根形态解剖结构进行显微观察研究,结果表明:生长在同一生境下的中国沙棘、俄罗斯沙棘的根形态解剖结构差异很大,中国沙棘的皮层厚度比俄罗斯沙棘相对要厚,导管直径小,导管密度大,维管束占根面积的百分比较大,表现出中国沙棘适应干旱地区生态条件的结构特性。同一种类在立地条件不同的山地、滩地、人工林的中国沙棘根组织结构各部分也有明显差异,人工沙棘林根的皮层厚度比山地阴坡、山地阳坡和滩地沙棘根的皮层厚度都要宽,维管束直径也大;导管密度则以山地阳坡根导管密度最大,立地条件不同所造成的差异是由于人工林、滩地及山地,土壤水分逐渐减少即逐渐趋于干旱,土壤肥力逐渐减弱即逐渐趋于贫瘠,中国沙棘形成了适应其严酷的立地条件变化的适应性特征,此项研究为沙棘的进一步开发和利用提供科学依据。     

东方山羊豆在俄罗斯的研究和应用

东方山羊豆Galega orientalis是近年来东欧和俄罗斯等国家广泛推广的豆科多年生饲用植物,因饲用价值高、抗逆性强、高产而倍受关注。简要介绍了东方山羊豆的栽培历史、植物学特点、生物学特性、青草和干草产量的形成、高产栽培的主要技术原理、播种方法和播种量与产量、化肥计量施用效果,用东方山羊豆与传统三叶草Trifoliumsp.—猫尾草Phloum pratense混播育肥犊牛,效果提高21.8%。     

Differences in the forest landscape structure along the Finnish–Russian border in southern Karelia

Abstract

This study describes forest landscape fragmentation and connectivity along the Finnish–Russian border near the Karelian Isthmus. The landscape pattern was analysed using classification data based on Landsat ETM+ and Landsat TM images in combination with systematic surveys in Finland (Finnish National Forest Inventory) (n=546) and the authors’ own fieldwork data in Russia (n=101). On the Finnish side the forest patches are significantly smaller than on the Russian side. In addition, the Finnish forests landscape is more scattered and distances between patches of the same forest type are longer. The Russian side is more dominated by broadleaved and mixed forest stands. The disparities are due to differences in forestry policy and traditions of forest practices. The growing conditions of the areas are similar. The habitat fragmentation and habitat connectivity are important issues because the Karelian Isthmus is one of three main corridors and migrating routes connecting large Russian boreal taiga forests and their fauna and flora with Finnish isolated boreal forests.     

针对在俄罗斯阿穆尔木业园区建设烘干窑项目可行性的思考

为响应国家关于“积极推进东北亚经济贸易开发区、打造沿边开发开放先导带”及“走出去”的发展战略,深入落实国家“一带一路”倡议规划,通过中俄合作实现优势互补,互利共赢。在此基础上,阐述与俄罗斯远东在资源上进行优势互补,即在俄境内进行森林采伐,木材干燥后,资源回运,这样既有效缓解了国内市场对木材需求的压力,又保护了龙江生态平衡,并使得经济效益和社会效益都得到显著提高。