应用生物源农药防治水稻病害

在稻瘟病始见期天始，喷施4％春雷霉素二次可以控制病害；用3％克菌康1：400倍液喷雾，可以有效控制水稻白叶枯病的危害，在孕穗期初现病时开始，喷链霉素1000万单位二次，也能防治白叶枯病；在纹枯病始现期喷40％纹霉星，病指防效可达67－81％。     

基于对数相似度约束Otsu的自然场景病害果实图像分割

针对自然场景下,由于复杂背景以及多变环境,水果病害果实图像分割难的问题,提出了一种基于对数相似度约束Otsu和水平集活动轮廓的近椭圆形病害果实图像分割方法。考虑背景的复杂多变,提出对数相似度约束Otsu分割来区分病害果实与背景;由于水平集活动轮廓模型的局部最优性,提出采用自适应膨胀系数的改进距离规则水平集活动轮廓模型来精确演化轮廓。先对病害果实区域样本的颜色进行混合高斯建模,获得整个病害果实图像与样本模型的对数相似度;对对数相似度进行约束Otsu阈值分割以及形态学滤波;采用最小二乘法对滤波后的曲线轮廓进行椭圆拟合,对拟合后的椭圆采用自适应膨胀系数的距离规则水平集活动轮廓演化,得到病害果实完整轮廓。对18个不同场景的病害果实进行分割,平均误判率和漏判率分别为1.77%和1.6%,实验结果表明,该方法可以从复杂自然场景图像中分割出病害果实。     

96份玉米杂交种抗矮花叶病鉴定与评价

为明确96份玉米杂交种对甘蔗花叶病毒（SCMV）引起的玉米矮花叶病的抗性差异,于2011-2015年间通过苗期人工摩擦接毒和成株期自然感病相结合的方法进行田间抗性鉴定。结果表明,未发现高抗材料（HR）;''兴达糯1号''五谷2010''2011''正德306''豫丰96-68''818''临早杂1号''正德305''甘农963''和''金穗51216''等10份材料表现抗病（R）,占供试材料的10.4%;''CN8706''甘农821''东单339''NF09''玉源209''等22份材料表现中抗（MR）,占供试材料的22.9%;''宁玉524''潞玉36''陇单026''9909''龙生1号''等22份材料表现感病（S）,占供试材料的22.9%;''龙单1号''平玉8号''金518''登海605''超甜603''等42份材料表现高感（HS）,占供试材料的43.8%。     

病死畜禽无害化处理技术研究与资源化利用探讨

随着我国畜牧业发展,大量病死畜禽尸体造成了严重环境污染和公共安全问题。病死畜禽尸体也是潜在的生物质能源,因此对于病死畜禽的处理方式的导向应该是无害化与资源化结合。通过归纳我国对病死畜禽的处理方式的特点及存在问题,建议完善补偿机制,合理选择处理方法,推广堆肥发酵法、高温生物降解法等可实现资源化利用的方法,研发资源化利用的新技术,保障产品安全性。     

Increased utilization of different tree parts for energy purposes in the Nordic countries

The review gives an overview of the increased utilization of forest biomass for energy. The emphasis is on Nordic countries, especially on Sweden and Finland with large biomass potentials and a high share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption. The utilization and potential of forest chip sources such as logging residues, small-size tree stems and stumps that are normally not harvested in conventional harvesting are described. Environmental potential and impacts that may reduce the utilization of forest biomass are discussed based on recent publications. Finally, the review summarizes the future developments based on their relationship to policies, certifications and guidelines and forest owners' decisions.     

Cut logs and high stumps of spruce, birch, aspen and oak - nine years of saproxylic fungi succession

Managed stands generally contain little coarse woody debris compared to natural forests. This study addresses the potential of retained cut wood to increase the amount of substrate available for a variety of saproxylic fungi.Fruit bodies of fungi were recorded from 270 cut high stumps and logs of spruce, birch, aspen and oak over nine years of initial succession. A total of 1565 occurrences of 148 species, seven of which were red-listed, were found. Numbers of species were significantly higher on logs than on stumps. Annual diversity peaked four to seven years after logging, sooner on logs than on stumps. Numbers of species were positively related to substrate diameter, but not to the level of shade/sun-exposure, while the presence of some individual species were significantly affected by one or both of these factors. Comparisons with data from the literature indicated no fundamental differences between fungal communities on cut wood and on naturally dead substrates. We conclude that cut wood left on site, especially logs, may mimic dead wood from trees that die swiftly from natural causes and support diverse fungal communities, both in shaded stands and in open logging sites. Substrates generated by slow self-thinning processes in natural forests however, are probably difficult to mimic in managed stands.     

烟草花叶病病株分布的观察

 通过在同一农户烟地15行烟草花叶病病株分布的观察,见有单株分布及连株分布两种.将连株分布中凡两株相邻的定为1个双株,三株相连的为2个双株,四株相连为3个双株,余类推.据范德普兰克的计算式,利用病株数计算双株数,与实查双株数比较.分辨出这些双株的传染方式,或为田间操作时通过接触茎叶传染,或为随机接触传染.在随机传染中,大量是经由根部在土壤中接触病残体所致,以致单纯用无病苗不能完全预防本病.     

病芽的不同处理对桑赤锈病流行的影响

在完全开放的自然环境中,桑赤锈病发病初期病芽的两种不同处理,对桑赤锈病流行趋势的影响是不同的,不剥除病芽处理区病情呈快速增长状态,拟合方程为:Y=5.82654-1.18242X 0.24296X2;剥除病芽处理区,病情稳定在较低水平,拟合方程为:Y=5.08598-2.6384X 0.4225X2-0.01865X3;方差分析表明,不同处理间的差异达到显著水平.二方程进行显著性检验分别达到了极显著和显著水平.说明剥除发病初期病芽对控制桑赤锈病流行效果显著,也可实现对桑赤锈病的可持续控制.     

稻瘟病综合防治技术应用

 综防技术应用表明,遵义地区稻瘟病逐渐得到控制,叶瘟发生由1993年的7.36×10⁴hm²,下降到1996年的3.51×10⁴hm²,穗瘟发生也由当年的9.25×10⁴hm²下降到1.31×10⁴hm²,综防治理区稻谷平均667m²产量达577.82kg,比非综防区平均667m²增产81.1kg,共挽回因病虫危害造成的产量损失约7.64×10⁷t,折款1069.8856万元,产出比1:3.5,效益显著.     

新型智能伐根清理机器人切削力的计算

本文是国家“863”项目——新型智能伐根清理机器人设计计算的一部分。切削力的大小是计算切削功率、设计切削加上设备和刀具的主要依据。本文根据伐根清理机器人设计的要求。以刀具旋切时的最不利情况——横锯切削为计算切削力的依据。适当选取修正系数计算出伐根机切削力及切削功率。乘以安全系数。以此作为机器人驱动元件——液压马达功率选择的依据。