Estimation of secondary metabolites of indigenous medicinal plant extracts and their in vitro and in vivo efficacy against tomato early blight disease in Pakistan

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Fifteen Pakistan’s indigenous medicinal plant extracts were investigated for various secondary metabolites and their potential against tomato early...     

Nutritional value of frass from black soldier fly larvae,Hermetia illucens,in a channel catfish,Ictalurus punctatus,diet

Frass is the by‐product of the larval meal industry and includes larval waste, exoskeleton sheds and residual feed ingredients. Experimental frass was derived from the larvae of black solder flies fed distillers' dried grains with solubles and had a protein and fat content of 216 and 60 g/kg, respectively. A 10‐week study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of frass on growth, feed utilization, and body proximate and mineral composition of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Five diets containing 0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 g frass per kg diet were fed to channel catfish (5.24 ± 0.04 g) in quadruplicate aquaria to apparent satiation twice daily. Final weight gain was significantly increased in fish fed diets containing frass at levels from 100 to 300 g/kg. Fish fed diets without frass, and with 300 g/kg frass, showed the lowest and highest feed intake, respectively. Feed and protein efficiencies, however, were significantly lower in fish fed frass at levels of 200 g/kg and higher compared to the control diet. Survival, whole‐body composition and mineral content were not affected by frass. In summary, black soldier fly larval frass has potential as a protein source or just an ingredient for enhancing palatability of catfish diets.     

The effects of dietary inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in a commercial catfish ration on growth,immune readiness,and columnaris disease susceptibility

ABSTRACT

We evaluated a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (Diamond V Original XPC) in hybrid catfish (Ictalurus furcatus x I. punctatus) for its potential effects on growth, blood parameters, and disease resistance. The trial featured four levels of inclusion that were added to a commercial 32% protein floating catfish ration. Following six weeks of feeding, we observed marginally heightened resistance to columnaris disease and saw significant changes in the levels of immune effectors in the serum, including lysozyme, complement, and immunoglobulin.