动物细胞遗传学研究现状及其应用

本文介绍了细胞遗传学在动物方面的研究现状及其在畜牧业上的应用。细胞遗传学的研究主要以染色体为对象。目前世界上现存的哺乳动物约4100多种,其中进行过染色体研究或核型分析的有1468种,我国已研究过的有242种。细胞遗传学在人类医学上的应用是众所周知的,在畜牧业上主要用于对种畜进行细胞学检查,以消除对家畜繁殖性能有影响的畸变染色本,以染色体标记来识别家畜品种,对环境污染的监测及遗传操作中的染色体工程。     

黑茶茶多酚类物质的提取及其抗氧化性能研究

以湖南安化天尖、茯砖及广西六堡3种黑茶为考察对象,研究黑茶中茶多酚的提取工艺以及抗氧化性能。针对超声波不同提取条件,采用正交试验,确定黑茶中茶多酚的最佳提取工艺条件;采用清除二苯代苦味酰自由基(DPPH)的能力和邻苯三酚自氧化体系来评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明:采用超声波热水复合浸提法提取黑茶中茶多酚的最佳提取条件为超声波提取功率250 W,提取固液比1∶25,提取温度55℃,提取时间45min,茯砖黑茶中茶多酚的提取率5.21%;同时测得茯砖黑茶具有较好的抗氧化能力,对DPPH自由基有较强的清除能力,但与维生素C(VC)相比,其抗氧化能力比VC的能力弱;其清除超氧阴离子自由基能力的IC50为0.507μg/mL。     

Physiological Response of Multiple Contrasting Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Suboptimal Temperatures

The physiological response of multiple rice cultivars, eighteen initially and eight cultivars later on, to suboptimal temperatures (ST) conditions was investigated in laboratory and outdoor experimental conditions. Treatment with ST decreased growth in different extents according to the cultivar and affected the PSII performance, determined by chlorophyll fluorescence fast‐transient test, and stomatal conductance, regardless the experimental condition. Two groups of cultivars could be distinguished on the base of their growth and physiological parameters. The group of cultivars presenting higher growths displayed optimal JIP values, and higher instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i), due to a lower Gs under ST, unlike cultivars showing lower growth values, which presented worse JIP values and could not adjust their Gs and hence their WUE_i. In this work, we detected at least two cultivars with superior tolerance to ST than the cold tolerant referent Koshihikari. These cultivars could be used as parents or tolerance donors in breeding for new crop varieties. On other hand, positive and significant correlations between data obtained from laboratory and outdoor experiments suggest that laboratory measurements of most of the above mentioned parameters would be useful to predict the response of rice cultivars to ST outdoor.     

基于PLC的碟式太阳自动跟踪控制系统研究

由于太阳辐射方向的时刻改变和太阳辐射能的不稳定性,导致碟式太阳能发电系统利用率始终较低。为了解决这个问题,本文提出了一种基于PLC控制的全天候自动跟踪方式,利用光照强度与光照强度阈值的差值作为跟踪方式切换的判据,不仅消除了程序跟踪造成的累积误差,而且避免了光电传感器在阴天或多云时无法工作的问题。为保证系统在任何天气情况下均可稳定运行,信息反馈元件增加了风速传感器、温度传感器及倾角传感器。另外,在设计系统硬软件时,采取了一系列措施来进一步降低系统运行成本。     

Characterization of common bean wild populations for their in situ conservation in Northwestern Argentina

In situ conservation of wild species is a method of conservation that allows keeping populations in their natural environments, and set the strategies for maintaining the natural populations. The Active Bank of Northwestern Argentina (BANOA) is in charge of the in situ conservation of wild populations of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Northwestern Argentina (NOA), and has an ex situ collection of 401 landraces and 221 wild accessions from the NOA. We evaluated the phenotypic diversity of 68 common bean wild populations from the NOA both in protected and unprotected areas, finding a moderate variation among them. Ten phenotypic reproductive characteristics related to pod and seed displayed significant differences in the analysis of variance; these traits together with the seed weight were the basis for the multivariate analysis. The cluster analysis ordered the populations in 12 groups but trends in geographical distribution or phenotypical variation were not recognized. For the conservation in situ of the wild bean populations, their diversity should be considered. Two types of populations can be highlighted: (i) candidates for in situ conservation in order to preserve the novel variation generated by convergence with cultivated sympatric germplasm (populations 433, 437, 471, 509, 513 and 517) and (ii) those whose phenotype represents clearly the wild status and should be preserved in situ as such in their current status (populations 480, 495, 496, 525 and 533).     

氮肥深施对旱作覆膜农田土壤养分含量及春玉米产量的影响

以春玉米为供试作物,于2021—2022年在甘肃省定西市进行不同深度施肥田间试验,以双垄沟覆膜种植为基础,设置3个氮肥施用深度：5 cm(D5)、15 cm(D15)和25 cm(D25),以不施氮(N0)处理为对照,共4个处理,分析不同氮肥施用深度对农田土壤养分含量、干物质积累、水分利用及玉米产量的影响,为优化施肥模式和进一步提升其节水增产效能提供理论依据。结果表明,随施肥深度的增加,农田0～40 cm土层土壤养分含量逐渐增大,D25处理较D15和D5处理的土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别平均提高8.67%、2.23%、22.11%和15.18%;氮肥深施可提高生育后期养分供给能力,玉米干物质积累量显著提高,D25处理播后105 d～收获期干物质积累量分别较D15和D5提高6.53%和25.30%;2个试验年份农田耗水量和水分利用效率均随着施肥深度的增加逐渐增大,D25处理分别较D15和D5平均提高10.09%和10.08%;D25处理玉米生物产量和经济产量较D5处理分别平均提高27.20%和34.93%。在西北旱作区,氮肥25 cm深施模式能为玉米提供更好的养分供给,是提高...     

三江平原井灌水稻水分生产函数模型及敏感指数变化规律研究

通过田间试验，按照井灌水稻生充阶段设置不同处理水平模式，通过不同模型分析选择。建立了适合三江平原地区井灌水稻的水分生产函数模型。并对敏感指数在全生育期内变化规律做进一步研究。为井灌水稻非充分灌溉条件下的灌溉制度优化提供基础依据。     

Arteries of the hindfoot of the llama (Lama glama)

The objective of this study was to describe the arterial distribution of the hindfoot of the llama (Lama glama). Ten adult llamas, preserved in 6% formalin solution at 0 degree C, were dissected. The arterial system was perfused with a solution of 14% coloured plaster; the venous system was perfused with a solution of 17% coloured industrial gelatin. Angiographies were also obtained. In the llama, the arterial distribution is of the saphenous type and this simple sort of irrigation could be used as a didactic model. The caudal branch of the saphenous artery divides into the small lateral plantar artery and the larger medial plantar artery, which continues as the plantar common digital artery III, and it is the main blood supply of the hindfoot. The dorsal pedal artery is underdeveloped and the perforating tarsal artery does not exist in this species. The plantar common digital artery III divides into the plantar proper digital II, III and IV. Branches from the plantar proper digital artery III supply the digits. We compared the arterial distribution of the hindfoot of the llama with that of other domestic animals including the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).     

草菇低温诱导蛋白的初步研究

低温诱导草菇（Ｖｏｌｖａｒｉｅｌｌａ ｖｏｌｖａｃｅａ）菌丝体一时间后，发现草菇在低温胁迫中产生了新的可溶性蛋白质。应用电泳分离制备技术，分离纯化了草菇菌丝体中的一个低温诱导蛋白。     

Effects of varying nitrogen doses on yield,yield components and artemisinin content of Artemisia annua L.

Artemisia annua L. is an aromatic-antibacterial herb that destroys malarial parasites, lowers fevers and checks bleeding, and of which the secondary compound of interest is artemisinin. The objective of the present study was to determine yield, yield components and artemisinin content of A. annua L. grown under four nitrogen applications (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha⁻¹) in the Çukurova region of Turkey in 2004 and 2005. Field trials were conducted at Çukurova University, Agricultural Faculty Field Crops Department. In the study, plant height, number of branches, fresh herbage yield, dry herbage yield, fresh leaf yield, dry leaf yield, essential oil content and artemisinin content (by high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) were examined. By analysis of variance, nitrogen doses had no any statistical effect on the traits investigated except for artemisinin content. Artemisinin content of the dried leaves were significantly affected by nitrogen applications, which varied from 6.32 to 27.50 mg 100 g⁻¹. Contents were from 120 and 80 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen for the years of 2004 and 2005, respectively.