优质蛋白玉米籽粒品质性状组间典型相关性研究

研究优质蛋白玉米籽粒品质性状组间典型相关性结果表明,2个半硬质胚乳奥帕克-2玉米群体(“中群14QPMC3”和“陕综5号QPMC0”)籽粒物理性状中硬质度、籽粒密度、百粒重与胚比、百粒体积呈负相关效应,营养品质中赖氨酸含量、蛋白质品质性状为其核心,籽粒密度(或硬质度)可作为蛋白质品质的间接选择指标;籽粒物理性状、蛋白质品质性状在赖氨酸产量构成中起决定性作用,全籽粒蛋白质品质与胚乳蛋白质品质紧密相关,而与胚蛋白质品质无关,高赖氨酸高油分育种相统一。     

Ultrasonographic examination of the carpal canal in dogs

The aim of this study was to determine the course of the median nerve and its adjacent structures in the carpal canals of 8 healthy dogs by using high-frequency transducers. Before performing ultrasonography, the transverse and posteroanterior diameters as well as the perimeter of the carpus were measured at just proximal to the side of the carpal pad. The anatomical structures were then determined at two levels of the carpal canal, which were named the proximal and distal levels, on the transverse sonograms. The cross-sectional areas, perimeters and the transverse and posteroanterior diameters of the median nerve were measured at these levels. Although all the measurements were larger at the proximal level, significant differences between the proximal and distal levels were determined for the cross-sectional area, the perimeter and the transverse diameter of the median nerve. On the transverse sonogram, the deep digital flexor tendon was seen in almost the center of the carpal canal like a comma shape and also it had a small concavity on the caudal side. The superficial digital flexor tendon was seen as an ovoid shape on the transverse sonograms and it was located nearly at the posterior side of the carpal canal. Both tendons were seen as intermediate-grade echogenic structures. The median artery was located inside of the concavity of the deep digital flexor tendon. Also, the median nerve was seen at the posteromedial side of the median artery. As a result of this study, the cross-sectional areas of the median nerve ranged between 1.01-2.68 mm² at the proximal level and between 0.93-1.91 mm² at the distal level.     

Field trial of a staphylococcal mastitis vaccine in dairy herds: clinical, subclinical and microbiological assessments

Objective To assess the efficacy of a new staphylococcal mastitis vaccine under commercial dairying conditions.
Design A field trial involving 1819 cows and heifers conducted on seven dairy herds in Victoria. The trial was done 'blind'; approximately half the animals were vaccinated and the remainder were untreated controls.
Procedure The vaccine was given twice during the last 10 weeks of pregnancy. Effects of vaccination were assessed, during the ensuing lactation, on the basis of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis and microbiological investigations of the milk.
Results A total of 273 cases of clinical mastitis were recorded. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 112 of these, 45 cases in vaccinates and 67 cases in controls; the difference was not statistically significant. One herd was notable in having a high incidence of clinical staphylococcal mastitis. This herd accounted for 15.8% of the animals in the field trial but 54.5% of cases of clinical staphylococcal mastitis. For this herd, vaccinated animals had significantly lower incidence of clinical staphylococcal mastitis and prevalence of subclinical mastitis, relative to controls. An unexpected feature of the trial as a whole was the low incidence of clinical mastitis from which S aureus was isolated in pure culture (26.3% of cases) and the high incidence of clinical Streptococcus uberis mastitis (22.7% of cases).
Conclusions The trial showed that the vaccine was efficacious in reducing the incidence of clinical mastitis and prevalence of subclinical mastitis in a herd that had a serious staphylococcal mastitis problem.     

anwendung der „vergleichsmethode standort (vermost)” zur bewertung der erosionsgefährdungspotenziale als datenbasis für förderinstrumente am beispiel des landes Brandenburg: Application of the site comparison method (vermost) to assess the potential erosion risk as a basis to examine instruments of environmental policy – the example of Brandenburg

This paper presents a comparative method (VERMOST) to evaluate complex site conditions at the level of a federal state (Brandenburg) and at different areal units. The methodology uses primary site conditions and provides the possibility to objectively compare and judge different ecological questions. Objects with heterogeneous content are pooled in comparison groups. Considering the main site characteristics allows a goal-oriented allocation of subsidies. The use of VERMOST is demonstrated for the wind and water erosion risk assessment across different scales from a federal state down to a parcel of land. The ‘parcel’ aggregation-level proves to be useful to assess the erosion risk. Larger scales are less useful in the assessment of subsidies policy with regard to erosion risk. A moving-window-technique combined with VERMOST is demonstrated to be suitable for comparing and assessing regional aspects more objectively compared with data administratively linked.     

Geometry of the femoral condyles in dogs

The stifle joint is one of the most important joints in dogs from the orthopaedic point of view. The aim of this study was to document the morphometric values of femoral condyles, given the close relationship between the shape and function of an anatomic structure. The left femora of 16 mid-sized dogs were used, and diameter and nine radii as well as cranial and caudal bow lengths from each condyle were measured. The photographs were taken of the distal femora from both sides. All measurements were obtained from these images by using software. Additionally, the rotation angle was calculated from the intercondylar distance and the difference between lateral and medial bow lengths. In addition to the rotation angle, the difference of diameter and nine radii between the lateral and medial condyles was determined. All radii except getting at 90° were significantly different between the medial and lateral condyles. The greatest values were determined in the caudal part of the medial condyle. This results the smaller contact area and a greater pressure on the underlying surface, and therefore the meniscus and articular cartilage of the caudal part of the medial side suggests the possibility of a risk of injury as the stifle joint flexes. The mean rotational angle of the femur was also calculated to be 2.18° laterally and 1.02° medially in the caudal and cranial parts of condyles, respectively. The result of this study showed that the lateral and medial condyles had different shapes in canine femur.     

Effect of time delay and storage temperature on blood gas and acid-base values of bovine venous blood

The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in the gas composition and acid-base values of bovine venous blood samples stored at different temperatures (+4, 22 and 37 degrees C) for up to 48 h. Five healthy cattle were used in the study. A total of 15 blood samples collected from the animals were allocated into three groups, which were, respectively, then stored in a refrigerator adjusted to +4 degrees C (Group I, n=5), at a room temperature of about 22 degrees C (Group II, n=5) and in an incubator adjusted to 37 degrees C (Group III; n=5) for up to 48 h. Blood gas and acid-base values were analysed at 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of storage. A significant decrease (p<0.001) was found, in the pH of the refrigerated blood after 5 h and its maximum decrease was recorded at 48 h as 0.04 unit. There were also significant alterations (p<0.001) in the blood pH of the samples stored at room temperature and in the incubator after 2 and 3 h, respectively. The maximum mean alteration in pCO(2) value for Group I was -0.72 kPa during the assessment, while for groups II and III, maximum alterations in pCO(2) were detected as +2.68 and +4.16 kPa, respectively. Mean pO(2) values increased significantly (p<0.001) for Group I after 24 h and for Group II after 6 h, while a significant decrease was recorded for Group III after 24 h (p<0.001). Base excess (BE) and bicarbonate (HCO(3)) fractions decreased significantly for all the groups during the study, compared to their baseline values. In conclusion, acid-base values of the samples stored at 22 and +4 degrees C were found to be within normal range and could be used for clinical purposes for up to 12 and 48 h, respectively, although there were small statistically significant alterations.     

Electrical stimulation of lumbar spinal nerve roots in dogs

The aim of this study was to test the applicability of electrical stimulation of lumbar spinal nerve roots and obtain normative electrical root stimulation (ERS) data for L7 nerve root and sciatic nerve in dogs. For that purpose ERS and sciatic nerve stimulations were performed consecutively, in totally 40 healthy dogs. ERS was applied in the L7/S1 intervertebral space via monopolar needle electrodes. Muscle responses were recorded from the gastrocnemius muscles on the left and right hind limbs. Sciatic nerve stimulation was performed at the greater trochanter level on the left hind limb, with records obtained from the left gastrocnemius muscle. Mean root latencies of the left and right side were 5.22?±?0.49 ms and 5.29?±?0.53 ms, respectively. There was no significant difference in root latency between the right and left sides. The mean terminal latency was 3.82?±?0.46 ms. The proximal motor nerve conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve was 63.15?±?3.43 m/s. The results of this study show that ERS provides objective data about the integrity of lumbar spinal nerve roots by evaluating the entire population of motor fibres and total length of the motor axon in dogs. ERS can be considered a useful diagnostic method for confirmation of diagnoses of lumbosacral diseases.     

Segmentation of Color Image Based on Feature Divergence and Fuzzy Theory

In order to improve general adaptive capability of algorithm,the new color image segmentation algorithm based on feature divergence and fuzzy theory(FDCIS) is proposed.The algorithm introduces feature divergence and fuzzy dissimilarity function into calculation in order to measure the dissimilarity of feature vector,clusters data by means of feature divergence,and accomplishes the merge of image region.The experimental results demonstrate that the color image segmentation result of the proposed approach reduce calculation on large sample of color image,simply and effectively solve over-segmentation of color image,avoid the dependence of the algorithm on initial condition,and hold favorable consistency in terms of human perception.     

The effects of levamisole poisoning on the haematological and biochemical parameters in dogs

This study was designed to evaluate possible organ and system disorders associated with experimentally induced levamisole poisoning in dogs. For this purpose, twelve clinically healthy dogs of different ages, sexes and breeds were used. They were divided into two equal groups (Group A and Group B) and given levamisole orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight daily for three days. The dogs in Group B were also injected with atropin sulphate (0.04 mg/kg of body weight) subcutaneously (sc) 1 hour after each administration of levamisole. Routine clinical examinations were made and some haematological, biochemical and blood gas parameters were established at various times after administration of levamisole. The dogs in Group A developed severe neurological signs, gastric haemorrhage, bloody vomiting, colic, anaemia and four dogs died. In Group B these signs were mild and only one dog died. Levamisole poisoning was characterised by a significant reduction in the total number of red blood cells (RBCs), concentration of haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV), and by anaemia. Peripheral blood pH, actual bicarbonate of plasma (HCO3), actual base excess (BE), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and saturated oxygen (O2SAT) increased in both groups of animals and these dogs developed metabolic alkalosis 48 hours after the first administration of levamisole. The results of the study also show that levamisole poisoning in dogs causes a significant increase in the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and in the concentration of urea in both Group A and Group B. In the study, atropin sulphate reduced the severity of the clinical signs and the number of deaths, but it was not alone sufficient to remedy levamisole poisoning in dogs.     

Differential haematological effects of tick-borne fever in sheep and goats

Tick-borne fever (TBF) is a rickettsial disease of domestic and wild ruminants in temperate climates. It is characterized by high fever and severe leukopenia. In the present study, the possible difference in the severity of disease in sheep and goats was investigated by inoculating one group of eight goats and one group of eight sheep with the Old Sourhope (OS) strain of Ehrlichia (Cytoecetes) phagocytophila. All sheep and goats experimentally infected with E. phagocytophila reacted with fever and rickettsiaemia, but there were significant differences between goats and sheep in the severity of clinical disease, the duration and magnitude of fever, the magnitude of rickettsiaemia and the patterns of reduction in the number of total leucocytes. Sheep reacted with fever significantly earlier than goats and the febrile period lasted for a significantly longer period. In contrast, the magnitude of rickettsiaemia was significantly higher in goats than in sheep. Infection with TBF was characterized by a transient increase in the number of neutrophils, which was quickly followed by an acute reduction in the number of lymphocytes and a prolonged reduction in the number of neutrophils in both sheep and goats. In both groups of animals, infection with TBF was also characterized by significant reductions in the total number of red blood cells (RBCs), thrombocytes and packed cell volume (PCV) and the concentration of haemoglobin (Hb). However, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular Hb (MCH) were significantly increased in sheep only.