VRTN基因在商品猪群中的遗传效应及其在不同来源种猪群中的频率

猪肋骨数具有重要的经济价值,研究表明肋骨数的个体差异受VRTN基因影响,为明确VRTN基因在天康猪群中的遗传效应,为培育多肋商品猪提供基础数据。采集283头不同品系种公猪耳组织样品和230头三元杂交商品猪肌肉样品,检测VRTN基因ins291位点基因型,进行商品猪VRTN基因型与肋骨数的关联分析,分析不同品系种公猪的VRTN基因型频率。发现所检测群体中VRTN基因ins291位点存在多态性,有QQ、Qq和qq三种基因型;该位点处的插入突变对商品猪的肋骨数表型变异影响极显著(P 0.01)。长白公猪群中有利等位基因Q基因频率为A系 B系;大白种公猪群中有利等位基因Q基因频率为A系 B系;有利等位基因Q频率为:杜洛克公猪群中BC系 C系 AC系 B系。VRTN基因对肋骨数的遗传效应得到验证,以QQ为优势基因的A系长白、A系大白、BC系杜洛克和C系杜洛克种猪可用于生产多肋商品猪。     

Correlation Analysis for Feeding Habits,Morphological Parameters,Weight Parameters and Abdomen Meat Percentage of Procambarus clarkii北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to determine the food source and trophic level of Procambarus clarkii from rice-crayfish field by stable isotope method, and to analyze the correlation between feeding habits, morphology parameters, weight parameters and abdomen meat percentage of P. clarkii. normal (62 individuals) and claw reborned (6 individuals) samples of P. clarkii were collected from the rice-crayfish continuous production field in Zhanjiang. At the same time, vascular plants, snails, as well as diet samples were collected. The stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of all collected samples were analyzed, the contribution rate of diet, Elodea nuttallii and Potamogeton crispus to the abdomen meat growth of P. clarkii were calculated using a stable isotope mixing model including element concentration, and the trophic levels of P. clarkii and Pomacea canaliculata were calculated by stable nitrogen isotope model. The correlation between stable carbon and nitrogen isotope characteristics (δ13 C and δ15 N) of abdomen meat, morphological parameters (body length, full length, carapace length, carapace width, tail fan length) and weight parameters (body weight, abdomen meat weight, claw weight, claw body ratio) of the collected crayfish were analyzed. The results showed as follows: 1) the collected crayfish included 30 female and 32 male individuals, and the body weight of these crayfish ranged from 3.40 to 29.35 g, average (14.05±6.26) g. The model calculation results showed that diet contributed 63.40% of biomass, 62.28% of carbon and 75.15% of nitrogen to the abdomen meat growth of P. clarkii. 2) In this study, Cipangopaludina cahayensis was used as the baseline for primary consumers, and the calculated trophic level of P. clarkii was 2.20, while the trophic level of P. canaliculata was 2.68. 3) The abdomen meat percentage of P. clarkii (<15 g) collected were extremely negatively correlated with the claw weight and the claw body ratio (P<0.01), indicated that the growth of the claws directly affected the muscle growth of these crayfish. The abdomen meat percentage of P. clarkii (>15 g) were not significantly correlated with the claw weight and the claw body ratio (P > 0. 05), but were extremely positively correlated with the abdomen meat weight and the δ13C value (P<0.01) . It showed that the utilization of diet by these crayfish had become a key factor in determining their abdomen meat percentage. 4) There was a significant negative correlation between the claw weight and the δ13C value (P<0.05) in all collected normal crayfish. It could be inferred that individuals with well-developed claws tend to eat more P. crispus which with lower δ13C value. When the diet was sufficient, the lack of claws did not significantly affect the feeding and growth of P. clarkii (P<0.05) . It is concluded that there are significant correlation between feeding habits, morphology parameters, weight parameters, and abdomen meat percentage of P. clarkii, the diet is the main nutrient source for the abdominal muscle growth of P. clarkii in this study, but even when the diet is sufficient, P. clarkii still feeds heavily on aquatic plants. Traditional methods of stable nitrogen isotope trophic level study may not suitable for aquaculture ecosystems which are strongly influenced by diets. The results of this study can provide basic data for the genetic selection of P. clarkii and the ecological research on the integrated breeding model of rice-crayfish. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition. All rights reserved.     

竹叶提取物对哺乳仔猪胆汁酸代谢的影响

旨在从分子水平研究竹叶提取物(BLE)对哺乳仔猪胆汁酸代谢的影响。选取健康状况良好且体重相近的3日龄哺乳仔猪64头，随机均分为4组，其中：对照组(CON)每日灌喂0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液，BL、BM和BH组每日分别灌喂含有BLE 100、200和300 mg/kg的0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液，试验期21 d。结果显示：与CON组相比，试验组显著降低血清总胆汁酸(TBA)含量(P<0.05);试验组空肠胆汁酸代谢相关基因表达无显著影响(P>0.05);BH组显著提高回肠顶端钠依赖性胆汁酸转运体和回肠胆汁酸结合蛋白基因表达(P<0.05),试验组显著提高回肠有机溶质转运体α基因表达(P<0.05);试验组显著提高肝脏Na~+-牛磺胆酸共转运多肽基因和蛋白表达水平(P<0.05)。结果表明，BLE具有降低血清中TBA含量的作用，并影响哺乳仔猪胆汁酸代谢的肝肠循环过程。