打顶时间对一膜三行等行距密植机采棉的影响

为探索1膜3行等行距机采棉模式下不同打顶时间对棉花生长发育、产量及品质的影响，在新疆生产建设兵团第一师十二团试验站开展不同打顶时间试验，6月20日－7月10日每隔5 d为一个打顶时间处理，采用定点定时调查方法研究不同打顶时间处理后棉花农艺性状、产量和品质的变化情况。结果表明，打顶早的处理棉花营养生长向生殖生长转化快，富余养分流向叶枝，叶枝成铃多。6月30日打顶的产量最高，显著高于其它4个处理。6月20日和25日打顶的处理虽然铃重大，但单株果枝数少，单株结铃少，产量低于7月5日和7月10日打顶处理。打顶早的棉花纤维上半部平均长度和马克隆值优于打顶晚的处理。     

国家植物博物馆旅游发展战略研究与初步构想

在研究博物馆旅游相关内涵的基础上,系统地阐述了博物馆和旅游的关系,认为博物馆旅游是未来的发展趋势。文中依托国家植物博物馆建设的基本情况,对国家植物博物馆发展旅游具备的政策机遇、游客基数、区位、行业地位、资源、特色等方面的优势及国内没有成熟的经验和成功的案例可借鉴、藏品艺术价值不高等劣势进行分析。提出建立合理的运维机制,处理好馆、库、园一体统筹的关系;按照国家5A级旅游景区标准,高起点、高规格建设;以人为本,强化深度体验;重视人才、科普和营销;与茨坝生物科技特色小镇融合发展,打造云南省“健康生活目的地”示范园区;整合资源,建立旅联体,打造科普文旅融合产业走廊等国家植物博物馆旅游发展的策略及建议。     

10种除草剂及组合对芨芨草的防效评价

为筛选出对芨芨草具有高效防除作用的除草剂品种及组合,本研究采用茎叶喷雾法分别在芨芨草开花期和平茬(成株芨芨草离地面15 cm刈割)后第3天施药,测定了10种常用除草剂品种和6个除草剂组合对芨芨草的防除效果,获得了"花期茎叶喷施除草剂"和"平茬+喷施除草剂方式"清除芨芨草技术。1)开花期:18%草铵膦AS在有效剂量(下同)405 g/hm~2时,药后7 d见效,30 d鲜重防效达100%;41%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS剂量为922.5 g/hm~2时,药后5 d见效,30 d鲜重防效达87.18%;24%烯草酮EC剂量为216 g/hm~2时,药后15 d见效,30 d鲜重防效达77.03%;18%草铵膦AS 180 g/hm~2+10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC 37.8 g/hm~2处理,药后5 d见效,30 d鲜重防效达91.30%。2)平茬后:18%草铵膦AS、41%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS均药后5 d见效,30 d鲜重防效均大于87%;30%苯唑草酮SC剂量为22.5 g/hm~2时,药后5 d见效,30 d鲜重防效达85.97%;24%烯草酮EC剂量为144 g/hm~2时,药后7 d见效,30 d鲜重防效达88.21%;15.8%精喹禾灵EC剂量135 g/hm~2时,药后7 d见效,30 d鲜重防效达85.26%;12.5%烯禾啶EC 112.5 g/hm~2+15.8%精喹禾灵EC 15.8 g/hm~2处理,药后5 d见效,30 d鲜重防效达97.97%。     

2015年至2019年我国进口美棉质量分析

本研究旨在明确2015―2019年进口美国棉花质量变化情况。根据青岛海关技术中心棉花检测实验室检测大数据，分析进口美国棉花（陆地棉、比马棉）品质指标的主体范围，总结不同主体指标各等级分布情况及变化规律；对美棉品级、长度、马克隆值合同品质符合率开展研究，发现不同品质指标不同时间段符合率的高点与低点；结合大数据中单个棉包实际检测数据分布情况，探讨进口美国棉花质量变化趋势。认为：5年中进口美国棉花品质一致性好，主体品质占比大，主体指标范围品质符合率高，受贸易形势影响进口美棉数据分布逐渐由高等级向低等级转变。     

氧化-生物双降解地膜对棉花生长影响及降解效果

研究氧化-生物双降解地膜对棉花生长的影响及降解效果，为氧化-生物双降解地膜代替普通聚乙烯地膜的可行性及推广应用提供理论参考。试验采用2种不同配方的氧化-生物双降解地膜，以普通聚乙烯地膜作为对照，分析不同降解地膜对棉花生长及产量的影响，观测增温保墒效果，明确降解性能。结果表明：2种降解地膜对棉花生育期、农艺性状、产量性状和纤维品质未产生显著影响，籽棉产量和增温保墒效果与普通地膜基本相同；诱导期为39 d的2018新疆阿拉尔棉花1号降解膜降解率达47.3 %，显著高于其他处理，具有较高的应用价值。     

[CO2]升高对粮食作物影响的研究进展

自工业革命以来,由人类活动引起的大气CO_2浓度([CO_2])不断攀升,正驱动着全球气候变化,对全球农业产生重大影响。本文归纳总结了目前作物对高[CO_2]响应的主要研究技术手段,以及作物对高[CO_2]响应的机理研究,并进一步梳理了当前全球关于[CO_2]升高对作物产量和营养品质影响的研究。结果表明:相比封闭式或半封闭式环境控制试验系统,开放式试验系统(如开放式CO_2控制系统FACE)由于其能更加真实地模拟自然条件下作物对未来高[CO_2]的响应和适应情况,被公认为是目前研究作物对高[CO_2]响应的最理想手段。[CO_2]增高会增加C3作物光合速率、生物量和产量,在一定程度上缓解气候变化对农作物产生的负面影响,但是作物对大气[CO_2]的升高存在光合适应现象,当作物长期暴露在高[CO_2]条件下时,高[CO_2]对作物的促进作用会逐渐减缓。近10年的FACE试验发现,对高[CO_2]出现高应答的水稻品种,其光合速率和产量在高[CO_2]下的增加幅度比早期的主要粮食作物FACE试验结果平均高出两倍。此外,高[CO_2]会明显降低大部分非豆科C3作物中蛋白质和矿物质(如锌、铁)以及部分维生素的含量,加剧目前全球约2亿人由于维生素和矿物质元素等营养缺乏导致的健康问题。如何充分利用未来高[CO_2]实现高增产的同时,减缓粮食养分下降的负面影响,是迫切需要解决的科学问题。     

Effect of melatonin on visceral fat deposition,lipid metabolism and hepatic lipo-metabolic gene expression in male rats

Melatonin (MT) influences lipid metabolism in animals; however, the mechanistic effect of melatonin on liver fat and abdominal adipose deposition requires further clarity. In order to study the effects of melatonin on lipid metabolism, and hepatic fat and abdominal adipose deposition in animals, twenty Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats of 6 weeks of age with similar bodyweight were randomly divided into two groups: control (CTL) and MT-treated (10 mg/kg/day). During a 60-day experiment, food intake and bodyweight were measured daily and weekly respectively. At the end of treatment, blood samples were collected to collect plasma to quantify hormones and metabolic indicators of lipid metabolism. In addition, organ and abdominal adipose depots including liver, and omental, perirenal, and epididymal fat were weighed. Liver tissue was sampled for sectioning, long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) quantification, and gene chip and Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. The results showed that liver weight and index (ratio of liver weight to body weight) in MT group reduced by 20.69% and 9.63% respectively; omentum weight and index reduced by 59.88% and 54.93% respectively, and epididymal fat weight reduced by 45.34% (p = 0.049), relative to CTL. Plasma lipid indices, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) with MT treatment decreased significantly compared with the control. Fat and 8 LCFA content in liver in MT group also decreased. Gene chip and qPCR demonstrated that there were 289 genes up-regulated and 293 genes down-regulated by MT. Further analysis found that the mRNA expression of lipolysis-related genes increased, while the mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related enzymes decreased (p < 0.05) with MT. This study concluded that melatonin greatly affected fat deposition, and hepatic LCFA supply and the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis and lipolysis.     

Partial fishmeal replacement by mussel meal or meat and bone meal in low‐fishmeal diets for juvenile Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis): Growth,digestibility, antioxidant capacity and IGF‐I gene expression

This study evaluated the effects of replacing fishmeal with mussel meal or meat and bone meal in low‐FM diet on growth performance, body composition, digestibility, antioxidant capacity and IGF‐I gene expression in juvenile Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis). The results showed that no significant changes in SGR, FE and PER were observed between MM₄₀ and LFM groups, but significantly reduced result was found in MBM₄₀ group. MM₄₀ group showed the higher ADC of lipid (93.30%) and lipase activity (95.00 U/gprot) than LFM group (90.97%; 70.18 U/gprot). MM₄₀ or MBM₄₀ diets led to significant reduction of SOD and CAT activities. MM₄₀ group showed significantly higher MDA level (5.84 nmol/mg) than LFM group (4.73 nmol/mg). The activities of LZM decreased significantly in MM₄₀ and MBM₄₀ groups compared with LFM group. MM₄₀ and MBM₄₀ groups showed no significant difference in hepatic IGF‐I gene expression levels compared with LFM group. The findings demonstrated that MM could substitute 400 g/kg of FM in low‐FM diet for Ussuri catfish without influencing the growth, but to some extent, spontaneous oxidative stress and immune damage could occur; when 400 g/kg of FM was replaced by MBM, significantly negative effects were observed on growth, antioxidant capacity and non‐specific immune response of Ussuri catfish.     

HVI大容量棉花测试仪排出样品处理装置的设计

针对HVI大容量棉花测试仪排出的样品处理难等问题，设计了1套自动化样品处理装置。该装置集样品自动输送、自动感应、自动压缩和自动装包等功能于一体，既可解决该类测试仪出棉通道容易堵塞的难题，又可降低劳动强度，提高工作效率和节省棉包存储空间。     

草鱼TAB1蛋白的原核重组表达及其抗体制备

为了制备草鱼重组TAB1蛋白(rCiTAB1)及其特异性抗体,首先以草鱼头肾组织c DNA为模板,PCR扩增Ci TAB1基因全长序列,并依次构建重组克隆质粒p MD19-T-Ci TAB1与重组表达质粒pET-32a-Ci TAB1。该重组表达质粒经0.5 mmol·L~(-1) IPTG,37℃诱导表达12 h后获得以包涵体形式表达的重组CiTAB1蛋白(rCiTAB1)。然后,采用3种不同方法对包涵体蛋白进行变性,发现与高浓度尿素直接变性法和洗涤后尿素变性法相比,洗涤后梯度尿素变性法处理后的蛋白纯度最好,经透析复性后得到浓度为2 mg·mL~(-1)的r Ci TAB1。最后,将rCiTAB1蛋白与白油佐剂及免疫增强剂混合,室温下混合1.5h乳化成免疫原,3次免疫新西兰大白兔制备兔抗CiTAB1抗体,经间接ELISA方法和免疫琼脂双向扩散试验测得免疫后第33天血清中特异性抗体的效价分别为1∶1 048 576和1∶16。Western blot检测到一条分子量约为72 kDa的特异性条带,表明该抗体能特异性识别r Ci TAB1蛋白。研究结果为后续深入研究CiTAB1蛋白功能提供了物质基础。