茶皂素体外抗红色毛癣菌研究

为了研究茶皂素是否能抑制红色毛癣菌真菌生长以及抑制程度,采用牛津杯法,通过抑菌圈大小判断茶皂素是否存在抑制红色毛癣菌作用,结果表明红色毛癣菌对茶皂素敏感程度为高度敏感,后通过立体显微镜进一步验证茶皂素能破坏菌丝结构,导致菌丝断裂、自溶,茶皂素存在抑制红色毛癣菌作用.然后采用体外抑菌方法研究茶皂素抑制红色毛癣菌机制,茶皂素最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为50 mg/mL.茶皂素溶液浓度与菌丝径向生长抑制率成正比,100、50和25 mg/mL茶皂素溶液浓度径向生长抑制率分别为96.10％、76.90％和57.60％.茶皂素溶液浓度与孢子萌发率成反比,茶皂素溶液浓度为25、50和100 mg/mL时,孢子萌发率分别为47.82％、31.43％、11.70％.     

Poorly crystalline iron and aluminium oxides contribute to the carbon saturation and sorption of dissolved organic carbon in the soil

Soil carbon (C) saturation implies an upper limit to a soil's capacity to store C depending on the contents of silt + clay and poorly crystalline Fe and Al oxides. We hypothesized that the poorly crystalline Fe and Al oxides in silt + clay fraction increased the C saturation and thus reduced the capacity of the soil to sorb additional C input. To test the hypothesis, we studied the sorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on silt + clay fractions (<53 µm) of highly weathered oxic soils, collected from three different land uses (i.e., improved pasture, cropping and forest). Soils with high carbon saturation desorbed 38% more C than soils with low C saturation upon addition of DOC, whereas adsorption of DOC was only observed at higher concentration (>15 g kg^?1). While high Al oxide concentration significantly increased both the saturation and desorption of DOC, the high Fe oxide concentration significantly increased the desorption of DOC, supporting the proposition that both oxides have influence on the DOC sorption in soil. Our findings provide a new insight into the chemical control of stabilization and destabilization of DOC in soil.     

安溪铁观音营销经验与优化建议

安溪铁观音是中国传统名茶,历经30多年发展—调整—再发展的历程,以其独特的品质风味赢得了人们的青睐,成为大江南北家喻户晓的茶叶领军品类。当前,茶叶产销形势发生了深刻的变化,安溪铁观音面临更加激烈的竞争与挑战。近年来,安溪铁观音市场出现回暖局面,为推进安溪铁观音高质量发展,文章从运用定位工具重塑品牌形象、创新销售渠道、洞察顾客需求、建立品类自信等方面提出了安溪铁观音最新营销策略,为铁观音企业提供参考。     

Effect of farm management on topsoil organic carbon and aggregate stability in water: A case study from Southwest England,UK

There are few reliable data sets to inspire confidence in policymakers that soil organic carbon (SOC) can be measured on farms. We worked with farmers in the Tamar Valley region of southwest England to select sampling sites under similar conditions (soil type, aspect and slope) and management types. Topsoils (2–15 cm) were sampled in autumn 2015, and percentage soil organic matter (%SOM) was determined by loss on ignition and used to calculate %SOC. We also used the stability of macroaggregates in cold water (WSA) (‘soil slaking’) as a measure of ‘soil health’ and investigated its relationship with SOC in the clay‐rich soils. %SOM was significantly different between management types in the order woodland (11.1%) = permanent pasture (9.5%) > ley‐arable rotation (7.7%) = arable (7.3%). This related directly to SOC stocks that were larger in fields under permanent pasture and woodland compared with those under arable or ley‐arable rotation whether corrected for clay content (F = 8.500, p < .0001) or not (F = 8.516, p < .0001). WSA scores were strongly correlated with SOC content whether corrected for clay content (SOC_adj R² = .571, p < .0001) or not (SOC_unadj R² = 0.490, p = .002). Time since tillage controlled SOC stocks and WSA scores, accounting for 75.5% and 51.3% of the total variation, respectively. We conclude that (1) SOC can be reliably measured in farmed soils using accepted protocols and related to land management and (2) WSA scores can be rapidly measured in clay soils and related to SOC stocks and soil management.     

奶业产业链纵向价格传导的时滞效应与政策启示

奶业产业链纵向价格传导受阻,导致奶牛养殖长期处于价值链的低增值环节,甚至出现"行业萎缩"现象。本文对上游奶牛养殖成本向下游乳品加工环节价格传导机制进行理论分析,并基于2008年1-12月份奶牛饲养成本和原料奶价格的月度数据,运用有限分布滞后模型测度价格传导的滞后效应。结果表明:饲养成本向下游传导存在显著的滞后性,饲养成本变化1%,滞后5和6期,分别引起原料奶价格变动0.086%、0.111%。奶业价值链体系自身难以实现价格的无阻滞传导以及形成合理的利益分配机制,政府和行业必须推动原料奶生产提高组织化程度,构建价格预警平台,完善产业链各方利益关系。     

几种不同施肥方式对雷竹产量的影响研究

采用随机区组设计试验,分析对比竹腔施肥、普通施肥和不施肥3种处理对雷竹生长的影响。试验结果表明:竹腔施肥与普通施肥和不施肥比较,出笋数量分别增加12.11%和33.26%,退笋率分别降低3.3%和4.2%,经济收益分别提高14.0%和33.4%,新竹平均胸径分别增加0.25 cm和0.35 cm。综上所述,施肥对产笋量、成竹率、新竹径级和单位面积收益上均有积极的影响作用。不同施肥方式其作用效果为:竹腔施肥>普通施肥>不施肥。     

四唑虫酰胺对柑桔潜叶蛾的田间防效评价

2018年9月中旬在广东省农业科学院白云试验基地柑桔园和2019年10月底至11月上旬在广州市南沙区东涌镇柑桔园,选取当前常用药剂25 g/L溴氰菊酯乳油和1.8%阿维菌素乳油为对照药剂,对新型杀虫剂18%四唑虫酰胺悬浮剂进行田间防治柑桔潜叶蛾的试验。结果表明,药后10 d, 18%四唑虫酰胺悬浮剂10 000~20 000倍液对柑桔潜叶蛾的杀虫效果为82.81%~92.13%,药后14 d的保梢效果为76.87%~89.26%;对照药剂25 g/L溴氰菊酯乳油1 000倍液的杀虫效果和保梢效果均显著低于18%四唑虫酰胺悬浮剂各浓度,1.8%阿维菌素乳油2 000倍液的杀虫效果和保梢效果与18%四唑虫酰胺悬浮剂20 000倍液相当,但显著低于18%四唑虫酰胺悬浮剂10 000和15 000倍液。18%四唑虫酰胺悬浮剂能够有效防治柑桔潜叶蛾,且对柑桔安全,对非靶标生物无明显影响。     

基于准静态同轴探头模型的土壤复介电测量方法

末端开路同轴探头法测量土壤复介电值用于表征土壤含水率具有准确、快捷的优点。针对目前土壤介电同轴探头集总测量模型没有充分考虑探头的参数以及土壤体积对测量结果影响等问题，基于电磁场理论，对末端开路同轴探头建立了准静态数学模型，适用于土壤的复介电常数准确测量。通过全波软件仿真和模型计算结果对比，以无水乙醇介电实测值和理论值对比，验证模型的准确性。采用本文介电测量模型对不同含水率的黄绵土进行测量计算，复介电常数实部与实测土壤含水率二阶多项式拟合决定系数大于0.965，表明本文所提土壤介电测量方法适用于土壤复介电常数和含水率的测量。     

Banishing barberry: The history of Berberis vulgaris prevalence and wheat stem rust incidence across Britain

Wheat stem rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a notoriously damaging disease of wheat and barley. Pgt requires two hosts to complete its lifecycle; undergoing asexual reproduction on cereal crops and completing sexual reproduction on Berberis spp. The latter stage of its lifecycle is of particular importance in temperate regions such as western Europe, where asexual urediniospores are unable to survive cold winter weather. In the past, the crucial role of Berberis in the lifecycle of stem rust led to intensive eradication campaigns, initially carried out by farmers in the face of hostile scientific opinion. In the United Kingdom, common barberry (Berberis vulgaris) is today a relatively rare plant. Stem rust is, however, currently experiencing a resurgence; at the same time, there has been a general increase in the prevalence of barberry and an upsurge in its planting which, in the United Kingdom, is associated with attempts to encourage the endangered barberry carpet moth (Pareulype berberata). This article situates current developments within a broader chronological framework, examining changing attitudes towards barberry and rust in England in the past and the history of the plant's use and cultivation. It assesses how widespread B. vulgaris really was in the environment historically, and thus the scale of its eradication. We suggest that Berberis was never widely established as an archaeophyte in the United Kingdom. Current attempts to re-establish it are based on a misunderstanding of the plant's historical status and could potentially pose a serious threat to food security.