Screening for reproductive biomarkers in Bactrian camel via iTRAQ analysis of proteomes

Bactrian camel is an ancient and precious species of livestock; that is, unique resources exist in the desert and have important economic and scientific value. In recent years, the number of Bactrian camels has declined sharply. Due to its long reproductive cycle and seasonal oestrus, the mechanism of oestrus is unknown. To identify candidate biomarkers of reproduction, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of serum from Bactrian camel in oestrus and non-oestrus, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 359 proteins, of which 32 were differentially expressed: 11 were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated in samples from camels in oestrus. We validated the differential expression of a subset of these proteins using qPCR and Western blot. Gene ontology annotation identified that the differentially expressed proteins function in cellular processes, metabolic processes and immune system processes. Notably, five of the differentially expressed proteins, PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2, are involved in reproductive regulatory processes in other animals. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in several cardiac-related pathways, such as ‘dilated cardiomyopathy’, ‘hypertrophic cardiomyopathy’, ‘cardiac muscle contraction’ and ‘adrenergic signalling in cardiomyopathy’. Our results suggest that candidate biomarker (PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2) discovery can aid in understanding reproduction in Bactrian camels. We conclude that the profiling of serum proteomes, followed by the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods, offers a promising approach for studying mechanisms of oestrus.     

An optimized non-linear vegetation index for estimating leaf area index in winter wheat

Precision Agriculture - Using hyperspectral remote sensing technology to monitor leaf area index (LAI) in a timely, fast and non-destructive manner is essential for accurate quantitative crop...     

天祝白牦牛HSP60基因的克隆及其在下丘脑-垂体-睾丸中的表达定位研究

热休克蛋白60(HSP60)不仅在细胞保护方面发挥作用,也参与雄性动物生殖生理的调控。为研究HSP60基因序列特性及其在天祝白牦牛下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴(HPT-axis)上的表达情况,探寻其在白牦牛睾丸发育、精子发生过程中的作用机制,本研究采用RT-PCR和RACE技术获得白牦牛HSP60基因全长cDNA序列,采用生物信息学方法分析HSP60蛋白的理化性质、结构及不同物种之间的同源性等,并利用qPCR、Western blotting、免疫组化法分析HSP60在白牦牛下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴中的表达及定位。结果表明,白牦牛HSP60基因cDNA全长为2 300 bp,开放阅读框为1 722 bp,编码572个氨基酸;其理论分子量为60.977k Da、等电点为5.69,编码的蛋白为非跨膜可溶性蛋白。氨基酸序列比对结果显示,白牦牛HSP60氨基酸序列与牛、瘤牛、绵羊、藏羚羊、骆驼、白犀牛、兔和黑猩猩的氨基酸序列同源性高、进化水平相近。HSP60基因及蛋白在白牦牛的下丘脑、垂体及睾丸组织中均有表达,其中下丘脑及垂体组织表达量显著高于睾丸,下丘脑和垂体之间差异不显著。免疫组化结果显示,HSP60蛋白定位表达于白牦牛下丘脑组织的室旁核大细胞、室旁核小细胞和神经角演网、垂体组织的腺细胞、睾丸组织的精原细胞、精母细胞、支持细胞和间质细胞,而精子细胞中表达较弱。通过对健康成年白牦牛HSP60在下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴的表达与定位检测,推断HSP60参与雄性白牦牛生殖轴调控,并参与睾丸发育与精子发生。本研究结果为进一步研究HSP60对雄性生殖调控奠定了基础。     

双峰驼促卵泡素放射免疫测定方法的建立

本试验以羊—羊FSH放射免疫分析方法为依据,建立了测定双峰驼外周血浆中FSH的异源性放射免疫分析方法,通过一系列实验表明,在目前尚难建立驼FSH同源性放射免疫分析方法的情况下,该方法是研究双峰驼生殖内分泌学的可靠手段之一。本研究还用此方法测定了肌肉注射精清诱导排卵前后母驼外周血浆中FSH的变化。     

甘肃省乳房炎奶牛乳源肠球菌的分离、药敏试验及毒力基因原核表达载体的构建

为分离临床型奶牛乳房炎中的肠球菌,检测其耐药性和携带毒力基因的情况,本试验采集了甘肃省东、中和西部3个地区41头临床型乳房炎奶牛的奶样93份,并构建了肠球菌毒力基因的原核表达载体。试验使用选择性培养基分离纯化肠球菌,16S rRNA和生化试验结合的方法鉴定所分离菌株的种;选取16种抗菌药进行药敏试验;常规PCR方法检测11种毒力基因的携带情况,最后对具有免疫原性的毒力基因进行原核表达载体的构建。鉴定结果显示,93份乳样中18株为肠球菌,并分为9种。药敏结果显示,分离株多数为多重耐药菌（multiple resistant bacteria,MDR）,占88.89%,未发现耐万古霉素菌株（vancomycin-resistant enterococcus,VRE）,万古霉素敏感率94.12%,所有分离株至少对一种抗菌药耐药。PCR检测结果表明,11种毒力基因均有检出,cob基因检出率最高（44.44%）,efaA、hyl、ccf和esp基因检出率分别为33.33%、27.78%、27.78%和22.22%,Asa1、cylA、EF3314和gelE基因检出率均为16.67%,Ace和cylM基因检出最低（11.11%）;毒力基因组合因菌种不同而存在差异,选择具有免疫原性的Ace和gelE基因成功构建出原核表达载体pET32a-Ace和pET32a-gelE。本试验为后续绘制3个地区奶牛乳房炎流行病学区域谱以及制备相应抗体和亚单位疫苗提供了基础数据及生物材料。     

金黄色葡萄球菌乳房炎奶牛血浆的比较蛋白质组研究

为了分析金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)自然感染引起的隐性乳房炎奶牛血浆蛋白的表达变化,经细菌培养分离鉴定了乳中金黄色葡萄球菌,选择其感染的奶牛.采用二维凝胶电泳技术分离了临床健康奶牛和乳房炎奶牛的血浆蛋白,考马斯亮蓝G-250染色后PDQuest 8.0软件检测差异表达蛋白点,高效液相色谱串联离子阱质谱鉴定.结果发现,金黄色葡萄球菌乳房炎奶牛血浆中有10个蛋白点的表达量发生改变,其中6个蛋白点经质谱鉴定为结合珠蛋白、转甲状腺素蛋白和α1酸性糖蛋白等4种蛋白.金黄色葡萄球菌感染可造成奶牛血浆结合珠蛋白、α1酸性糖蛋白和血清淀粉样蛋白A的表达量增加.ELISA法测定血浆结合珠蛋白的结果也发现,金黄色葡萄球菌感染奶牛血浆结合珠蛋白水平显著高于健康牛(P＜0.01).结果提示乳房炎奶牛血浆蛋白的变化可为揭示金黄色葡萄球菌感染乳腺炎症的应答提供依据.     

胚胎植入的调控研究进展

激素、细胞因子、生长因子、粘附分子和细胞外基质均参与调节哺乳动物胚胎植入过程。在整个胚胎植入过程中，这些调节因素的表达、合成与分布状态沿着一定的空间和时间顺序发生变化，而且它们之间存在着广泛的联系。目前积累的资料显示，这些调节因素可能遵循一定的时空顺序组构成信号通路，协调胚胎和子宫两方面的变化，准确地调节胚胎植入过程。     

布鲁氏菌核糖体L7/L12蛋白的原核表达及对鼠源树突状细胞的作用

为了研究和探讨布鲁氏菌核糖体L7/L12蛋白对鼠源树突状细胞(BM-DCs)分化和成熟的影响,用布鲁氏菌S2疫苗株为模板扩增L7/L12基因,构建重组质粒pET30a-L7/L12,用大肠埃希菌原核表达系统进行诱导表达,并用Ni柱对表达的蛋白进行纯化.用IL-4和GM-CSF诱导培养鼠源DCs,用脂多糖(LPS)和L7...     

双峰驼精液的某些特点及化学成分分析

本研究从10峰公驼采精158次,研究了双峰驼精液的基本特征及主要化学成分。结果表明,双峰驼的射精量为4.35±1.86毫升,采精后精子活力为0.78±0.19,精子浓度为5.59±1.20亿/毫升,精液的pH为7.37±0.06。此外还对精清中的葡萄糖、乳酸、磷、钙、钾、钠、氯、镁及总氮含量进行了测定。     

Isolation,Drug Sensitivity Test and Construction of Prokaryotic Expression Vector of Virulence Genes of Enterococcus from Dairy Cow with Mastitis in Gansu Province

The aim of this study was to isolate Enterococcus in clinical dairy cow mastitis,detect its drug resistance and virulence genes,a total of 93 milk samples were collected from 41 dairy cosw with clinical mastitis in eastern,central and western regions of Gansu province,and then construct a prokaryotic expression vector for virulence genes.This experiment used selective medium to isolate and purify bacteria.16S rRNA and biochemical experiments combined method to identify the isolated strains.16 antibiotics were selected for drug sensitivity test,and conventional PCR method was used to detect the carrying of 11 virulence genes.Finally,the detected virulence genes with immunogenicity were selected for the construction of prokaryotic expression vectors.The separation and identification results showed that 18 strains of Enterococcus were isolated and identified from the 93 milk samples,which were divided into 9 species.Drug susceptibility results showed that most of the isolates were multiple resistant to bacteria,accounting for 88.89%.No vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus was found,vancomycin sensitivity rate was 94.12%,and all isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic.Virulence gene test results demonstrated that 11 virulence genes were detected,the detection rate of cob gene (44.44%) was the highest,the detection rates of efaA,hyl,ccf and esp genes were 33.33%,27.78%,27.78% and 22.22% respectively,the detection rates of Asa1,cylA,EF3314 and gelE genes were all 16.67%,while Ace and cylM genes had the lowest detection rate (11.11%).The virulence genes combination was different due to different strains.Ace and gelE genes with immunogenicity were selected and the prokaryotic expression vector pET32a-Ace and pET32a-gelE were successfully constructed.The results provided basic data and biological materials for subsequent mapping of regional epidemiology of cow mastitis in three regions and preparation of corresponding antibodies and subunit vaccines.