Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten on Growth Performance,Cell Immunity and Serum Biochemical Indices of Weaned Piglets （Sus scrofa）

To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed wheat gluten (HWG) on growth performance, cell immunity and serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets, 160 crossed (Large White×Landrace) and weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 piglets each. The piglets in each treatment were fed an experimental diet containing either 0 g kg-1 HWG (control group), 30 g kg-1 HWG (3% HWG group), 50 g kg-1 HWG (5% HWG group), or 2.5 g kg-1 glycyl-L-glutamine (0.25% Gly-Gln group). The results showed that the diarrhea rates in 3% HWG and 5% HWG groups were significantly lower than in control group from d 1 to 14 (P＜0.05), while the average daily gain (ADG) in each of two groups was increased (P＞0.05). When compared with control group, dietary supplementation with 3% HWG increased the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ and the ratio of serum albumin and globulin concentrations (A:G) on d 14 and 28, as well as the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes (P＞0.05) on d 28. In addition, on d 14 and 28, the A:G ratio in 5% HWG group was significantly higher than in control group (P＜0.05), while the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ increased slightly (P＞0.05). Interestingly, 0.25% Gly-Gln group had higher proportion of CD3+ (P＞0.05) and CD4+ (P＜0.05) on d 14 than control group, but growth performances of 0.25% Gly-Gln group were negatively affected at all experiment stages. These results suggested that HWG might improve the growth performance of piglets by strengthening cell immunity and decreasing the occurrence of diarrhea during the prophase after weaning.     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of ACOX1 Gene in Luchuan Pig

The objective of this study was to clone the acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) gene of Luchuan pig and analyze its genetic structure with bioinformatics. A pair of special primer was designed according to predicted sequence of pig ACOX1 gene in GenBank. The ACOX1 gene was amplified by RT-PCR, the physicochemical property and secondary structure of ACOX1 gene were systemically analyzed by bioinformatics techniques. The results showed that ACOX1 gene fragment included an 1 986 bp whole length CDS (coding 661 bp amino acids). The sequence multi-aligned results showed that Luchuan pig shared 99.5%, 85.5%,87.1%,66.3%,75.6%,84.0%,82.3%,81.1% and 69.1% of similar nucleotide sequence with that of pig,human, zebrafish, chicken, rhesus monkeys, mice, rat and frog, respectively. The prediction of ACOX1 secondary structure showed that Luchuan pig ACOX1 had no signal peptide and transmembrane structure. This study suggested that the whole CDS sequence of ACOX1 gene was successfully cloned in Luchuan pig, and the cloning and analysis of ACOX1 gene provided an important foundation for further studying on the fatty deposition and lipornetabolism of ACOX1 gene in Luchuan pig.     

日光温室番茄畦上覆膜沟灌增产和节水效果分析

以番茄品种东圣1号为试材,以传统沟灌为对照,研究了畦上覆膜沟灌(膜上沟灌和膜下沟灌)对番茄生长、产量及水分生产效率的影响。结果表明:在灌水量减少的情况下,膜上沟灌保持根区0～40cm土层墒情的能力高于其他灌溉方式;膜下沟灌更有利于番茄的生长发育,植株长势较好,并且较传统沟灌显著增产11.34%;相对于传统沟灌,膜上沟灌和膜下沟灌分别节约灌溉用水31.33%和27.00%,水分生产效率提高50%以上。     

微卫星标记与永康灰鹅体重、体尺及屠体状的相关分析

采用最小二乘分析法,分析了30对鹅微卫星标记与永康灰鹅体重、体尺和屠宰性能的关联性。结果表明：30对引物中,有28条引物表现丰富的多态性,其中有16个标记与永康灰鹅体重和体尺的8个性状存在不同程度的相关;3个标记分别与屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率等5个屠宰性状存在不同程度的相关。这些标记位点可能是控制永康灰鹅体重、体尺和屠宰性状的主效基因,或与控制性状的主效基因连锁。     

氯化钾胁迫对黄独带芽茎段生长发育的影响

以黄独试管苗带芽茎段为材料,研究了KCI对黄独带芽茎段生长发育的影响.结果表明:KC1对叶片数增加的最佳浓度为0.1～o.5g/L,芽数和根数增加的最佳浓度是0.5 g/L,对芽长和根长的最佳浓度是0.1g/L.     

重庆地区取食高粱的草地贪夜蛾肠道细菌新分离株的鉴定

为充分认识入侵重庆地区草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)的肠道微生物, 2019年7月该课题组再次在重庆江津地区高粱地采集了草地贪夜蛾幼虫,通过分离培养结合16S rDNA测序鉴定,从江津草地贪夜蛾幼虫肠道中共分离得到38个细菌分离株,归为9个属,分别为克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和鞘脂杆菌属(Sphingobacterium).在课题组前期研究的基础上,新分离到了6个属,分别为克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)和鞘脂杆菌属(Sphingobacterium).同时还对入侵重庆地区采食高粱和玉米的草地贪夜蛾幼虫肠道细菌分离株进行了比较分析,只在采食高粱的草地贪夜蛾幼虫肠道中发现了欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)的菌株,而气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas)、金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)和类香味菌属(Myroides)则只在采食玉米的草地贪夜蛾幼虫肠道中分离得到.通过对同一片江津高粱地的草地贪夜蛾和玉米黏虫(Mythimna separata)的肠道细菌分离株进行比较分析,只在草地贪夜蛾肠道中发现了微球菌属(Micrococcus)、欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)和鞘脂杆菌属(Sphingobacterium),而金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)只发现于玉米黏虫肠道中.     

Myristic Acid (MA) Promotes Adipogenic Gene Expression and the Differentiation of Porcine Intramuscular Adipocyte Precursor Cells

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is considered to be a key factor that affects the marbling, tenderness, juiciness and flavor of pork. To investigate the effects of myristic acid (MA) on the differentiation of porcine intramuscular adipocytes, cells were isolated from longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and treated with 0, 10, 50 or 100 μmol L-1 MA. The results showed that MA significantly promotes the differentiation of intramuscular adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. MA also led to a parallel increase in the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and adipose-related genes, such as glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4/aP2), fatty acid translocase (FAT), acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACCα), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). However, no significant effects of MA were observed on the expression of CAAT enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) or hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). The expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) was increased by MA during the early stages of differentiation (day 1-3). In addition, MA also increased the absolute content of C14 (P<0.001) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P<0.05) to varying degrees, but no effects were observed on other fatty acids. These results suggest that MA might be able to enhance the IMF content of pork and increase the accumulation of myristic and myristoleic acid in muscle, which might have beneficial implications for human health.     

差异 NaCl 处理时间对青稞和大麦生理影响的比较

为了确定在较长期NaCl胁迫条件下,青稞和大麦2种抗逆性较强的禾本科作物的耐盐性表型差异,并为应用比较基因组学技术进一步开发利用禾本科作物抗逆遗传资源打下基础。以1．0％及0．5％NaCl溶液（ w／V）处理的大麦和青稞种子苗为材料,检测分析了这2种植物在NaCl胁迫1～5 d（4 d）条件下的营养生长状况及其对外界胁迫条件的生理响应表型。结果表明,相同NaCl胁迫条件下,青稞种子的萌发率显著高于大麦,而且在较长期的NaCl胁迫条件下青稞种子苗根和叶的生长状况均好于同期大麦。种子苗耐盐生理指标测定结果显示,在相同NaCl胁迫条件下青稞组织内的丙二醛（ Malonyldialdehyde ,MDA）含量极显著低于大麦,而脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量以及超氧化物歧化酶（ Superoxide dismutase ,SOD）比活力则高于大麦,上述结果显示：青稞幼苗比大麦有更好的耐盐性。     

雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）结构功能及其对骨骼肌蛋白质合成影响的研究进展

雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR）是丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,能感受细胞中的氨基酸、生长因子、能量及环境压力等信号,通过下游效应蛋白调控翻译起始因子,调控蛋白质的合成。作者对近年来mTOR研究的新进展及其在骨骼肌蛋白质合成中的作用进行了综述。     

骨骼肌卫星细胞自我更新的研究进展

骨骼肌卫星细胞（skeletal satellite cells）是一类位于骨骼肌纤维细胞膜与基底膜之间的成体干细胞,在骨骼肌损伤修复过程中起着重要的作用。随着研究的不断深入,人们对骨骼肌卫星细胞的功能及其作用机制了解也越来越多,但目前仍存在着许多未解之谜。骨骼肌卫星细胞是如何进行自我更新调控的,研究者们提出了骨骼肌卫星细胞进行自我更新的模式假说及其可能的信号转导通路,作者对其最新研究进展作一概述。