近12年来我国棉花价格波动特征分析

以2005年1月至2017年2月我国棉花价格指数月度数据为研究对象，基于Census X₁₂季节调整法和HP滤波法，分析了棉花价格总体波动情况和波动规律。结果表明：我国棉花价格具有季节性和周期性波动特征，样本区间内可分为4个完整周期和1个不完整周期，且周期时长有增加的趋势；棉价变动与棉花供求结构变化一致，且近6年受棉花价格制度影响明显。基于此，提出稳定棉花生产、做好棉花时空调配工作、优化价格政策调控工作和完善应急托底预案4点建议。     

近10年来甘肃省粮食生产现状及增产途径分析

明确甘肃省粮食生产能力及其进一步提高的途径,对未来保障区域粮食安全具有重要意义。通过调查近10年来甘肃省耕地面积、粮食播种面积、粮食总产量、粮食单产等数据资料,探讨了耕地面积、粮食播种面积、粮食总产量和粮食单产之间的相互关系,以阐明甘肃省粮食生产的潜力及其主要影响因素。结果表明,甘肃省耕地面积和粮食播种面积在近10年间呈先下降后上升的趋势,二者呈显著线性相关（P<0.01）;粮食总产量和单产波动上升,但粮食播种面积的变化对粮食总产量无显著影响,单产提高是引起粮食总产量增加的主要因素。分析认为提高单位面积的粮食生产能力是保障甘肃省粮食安全的主要出路,而提高旱地粮食单产则是实现甘肃省新增25亿kg粮食的主要突破口。     

Evaluation of corn plant as potential banker plant for supporting predatory gall midge, Feltiella acarisuga (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in greenhouse vegetable production

The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most important and highly polyphagous pests of vegetables and other crops worldwide. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse to evaluate corn (Zea mays L.) as a banker plant for the predatory gall midge, Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) to potentially control T. urticae. Choice and no-choice experiments were carried out to determine the host plant preference of an alternative prey, Oligonychus pratensis (Banks)(Acari: Tetranychidae) to corn and green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Results showed that O. pratensis adults strongly preferred corn as a host plant and posed no risk to green bean. F. acarisuga was found to fly at least 7.0 m to search for new preys on green bean plants, and over 176 F. acarisuga larvae per leaf were recorded at 14 d after dispersal. F. acarisuga proved to be an excellent predator of both T. urticae and O. pratensis. The predation by F. acarisuga to T. urticae and O. pratensis ranged from 43.7 to 67.9% and 59.2 to 90.3%, respectively, under laboratory conditions. In a non-cage study, 81.2% of T. urticae population was suppressed by F. acarisuga in reference to the control (cage treatment). The results showed that this banker plant system has potential for controlling T. urticae in greenhouse vegetable production.     

林业专题图数字水印版权保护研究

针对林业专题图制作过程复杂、成本高、迫切需要进行版权保护的问题,分析了JPEG图像压缩的不变属性,在此基础上提出了一种DCT域数字水印算法,该算法将水印信息嵌入到JPEG格式的林业专题图像的中高频系数当中。结果表明：因为水印信息是嵌入在中高频系数上,所以不仅嵌入的水印信息不可感知性良好,而且水印的嵌入容量也有所增加;即使对加密林业专题图进行有损压缩时使用高于预设值的质量因子,此算法仍然能够完全一致地提取出嵌入的水印信息,并且对各种噪声干扰都具有较好的鲁棒性。     

大力发展绿色证书培训 建立农民培训长效机制

文章在充分肯定我国实施绿色证书制度以来取得成绩的基础上,根据当前建设社会主义新农村和现代农业,培养有文化、懂科技、会经营的新型农民的新形势,提出修改完善绿色证书制度管理办法,设立农民科技培训补贴专项,建立多层次、全方位、终身制对农民进行培训的长效机制。     

立柱式深松铲受力数学模型及试验分析

为优化深松铲的结构参数，对立柱式深松铲进行受力分析，并建立工作状态的受力数学模型，通过改变参数研究其受力状况的变化，找出各个参数对工作阻力的影响程度，优化深松铲的设计参数。通过田间试验，对受力数学模型进行了验证，结果表明，影响其工作阻力的主要参数是耕作深度、深松铲起土角、铲柄工作宽度及前进速度。该数学模型与深松铲的受力状况基本相符。     

Insights from putatively neutral EST-SSR markers on the population genetic structure and genetic diversity of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau endemic Medicago archiducis-nicolai Sirjaev

Medicago archiducis-nicolai Sirjaev and M. ruthenica (L.) Ledebour are two phylogenetically closely related species in the section Platycarpae within Medicago. M. archiducis-nicolai is endemic to the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP), shows more tolerance to abiotic stress than M. ruthenica, which inhabits relatively temperate areas, and has the potential to be domesticated and used as a legume forage germplasm in alpine meadows. Here, we analyzed the population genetic structure and genetic diversity of these species using 20 putatively neutral EST-SSR markers. Twenty-four wild populations, including 21 M. archiducis-nicolai and 3 M. ruthenica, were divided into two clusters that were consistent with current taxonomy. The 21 M. archiducis-nicolai populations were clustered into two geographically related groups. Positive relationships between population genetic distance and geographical factors, including geographical distance and altitudinal difference, revealed that the genetic differentiation of M. archiducis-nicolai populations was driven by both geographical distance and the complex topography of the QTP. Medicago archiducis-nocilai, a narrow-range endemic on the QTP, had lower genetic diversity than the more widespread M. ruthenica. Medicago archiducis-nicolai populations from the central platform of the QTP had relatively high genetic diversity, whereas those occupying the east platform and edge of the QTP showed variable levels of genetic diversity, implying the presence of refugia on the central platform. These results have implications for the genetic resource management and exploitation of M. archiducis-nicolai and provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of this species to the harsh environment of the QTP.

     

北部湾多齿蛇鲻繁殖生物学特征

本研究基于2020年在北部湾海域采集的1214尾多齿蛇鲻（Saurida tumbil）样本,通过对生物学特征和卵巢组织学进行分析,探究该海域多齿蛇鲻种群的繁殖特性及其适应性变化。结果表明,2020年北部湾多齿蛇鲻雌雄性比为1.82:1,雌性群体成熟性腺4季均有分布,3~ 8月性成熟系数（GSI）保持较高水平,为主要繁殖期,其中3月和7月为繁殖高峰期;成熟卵巢中存在不同卵径大小的卵粒,卵径组成分布呈明显多峰型;绝对繁殖力波动范围较大（2774~ 158986粒）,且成熟卵巢中存在不同发育时相的卵母细胞,综合GSI、繁殖期、卵径分布及组织切片等结果推断多齿蛇鲻为分批非同步产卵型鱼类;相对繁殖力（267粒/g）保持在较高的水平,有利于其在高强度捕捞压力下迅速建立稳定种群;采用Logistic回归方程估算雌性群体的初次性成熟体长为19.0 cm,与性比随体长变化的重要转折点相同。本研究发现,北部湾多齿蛇鲻的繁殖特性相较以往结果有所改变,同时,研究结果进一步丰富了北部湾多齿蛇鲻的繁殖生物学资料,为渔业资源保护和可持续利用提供科学参考依据。     

杂交稻新组合抗优80对褐稻虱抗性的初步研究

通过对褐稻虱苗期抗性测定,杂交稻新组合抗优80对褐稻虱表现抗性,抗性级别为1.0级,对褐稻虱存活率、取食量、种群建立等有很强的抑制作用;田间系统调查,抗优80上的虫量仅为感性品种汕优63上的1/7～1/20。因此,在褐稻虱中等或偏重发生年,抗优80上的虫量达不到防治指标,不需进行防治。     

水稻品种对白背飞虱的抗性机理

对水稻品种抗白背飞虱的抗生反应及植株体内化学成分与抗性关系进行了探讨。结果表明，在抗生性反应中，抗性品种Ptb33、N22、Mudgo、包选2号、南京14、HA79317使白背飞虱取食量减少、成活率降低、繁殖少、发育慢等一系列不良现象，导致种群数量下降。抗性水稻体内游离氨基酸总量、天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸及可溶性糖等营养成分含量和白背飞虱取食率极相关，相关系数为0．809－0．916。抗、感植株体内单宁、草酸含量没有显著差异，而次生代谢物苯酚含量却差异明显。因此，抗性水稻体内游离氨基酸总量及可溶性糖等含量低和苯酚含量高可能是抗生性主要因素之一。