Impact of sublethal di‐n‐butyl phthalate on the aquaculture fish species Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): histopathology and oxidative stress assessment

Phthalates such as di‐n‐butyl phthalate (DBP) and their esters are widely used plasticizers, their ubiquitous presence in daily life, inevitably leads to their restricted use due to important environmental pollution and health impacts and endocrine disruption potential. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a sublethal concentration of 10 mg L^?1 DBP on haematocrit (HCT) values, gills and liver histology, malondialdehyde (MDA, 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐TBA reactivity) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in gills and liver tissue as oxidative stress biomarkers in the aquaculture fish species Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after 24 (DBP‐24) and 96 (DBP‐96) h exposure. No differences were found between per cent HCT values in the 24 h exposure groups (P > 0.05). Response of antioxidant defence systems in liver and gill tissues of the fish were dependent on exposure duration and changed to a higher extent during 96 h. MDA levels in liver tissue increased in DBP treated fish in comparison to the control fish. However, the differences between the exposure and control groups were not significant (P > 0.05). A statistically significant decrease (P > 0.05) was recorded in gill MDA levels in the DBP‐96 group when compared to the control and DBP‐24 groups. The liver GSH levels were unchanged in the DBP treated fish. However, GSH levels were significantly lower in the gill tissue of the DBP‐96 group. Exposure to DBP caused several degenerative changes in the histology of gill and liver tissue. Gills displayed hyperaemia, epithelial lifting, oedema, talengiectasia, epithelial hyperplasia and fusion of secondary lamellae, whereas in liver several circulatory anomalies (hyperaemia, blood congestion and sinosoid dilatation) and vacuolization of hepatocytes were observed. Histopathological results demonstrated that the gills were more affected than the liver perhaps due to their direct contact with DBP.     

Determination of amino acid and fatty acid composition of goldband goatfish [Upeneus moluccensis (Bleeker, 1855)] fishing from the Gulf of Antalya (Turkey)

In this study, we aimed to determine the basic food components, fatty acids and amino acids, and variations in these components with months in goldband goatfish (Upeneus moluccensis) that fishing from Gulf of Antalya. As a result of the analyzes, the crude fat values were determined between 1.43 and 3.78%, and the crude protein values were determined between 20.79 and 22.16%. The most abundant fatty acids were determined: palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1c9), oleic acid (C18:1c9), linoleic acid (C18:2n-6), eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n-3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-6), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3). The most abundant amino acids were determined lysine and leucine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, and glycine. The differentiations of essential nutrient components, fatty acids, and amino acids were found generally significant (P < 0.05).

     

Factors affecting the reproductive efficiency in crayfish: implications for aquaculture

In recent years, crayfish aquaculture industry has been developing rapidly in different regions of the world. Crayfish aquaculture is often carried out in dams, lakes and extensive pond systems. There is an increasing demand for crayfish juvenile in aquaculture sector. Therefore, it is important to know which factors affect reproductive efficiency in crayfish. In the present review, factors affecting the reproductive efficiency of crayfish are divided into two main sections, external and internal factors. Dietary lipids, phospholipids, highly unsaturated fatty acids, protein and amino acids, vitamins and carotenoids are important external factors affecting broodstock crayfish reproduction. In addition, various external (i.e. female size, stocking density, temperature, photoperiod, sex ratio) and internal (i.e. endogenous hormones) factors affect the reproductive efficiency in crayfish. This study reviews the present knowledge with the purpose of realizing the factors that are important to reach optimal crayfish nutrition, maturation and reproduction (i.e. pleopodal egg number and quality). This review will particularly be useful for crayfish farmers and crayfish hatchery units.     

光裸方格星虫的研究进展

光裸方格星虫(Sipunculus nudus)具有丰富的食用和药用价值,为给光裸方格星虫的资源保护与利用以及进一步深入研究提供参考,综述了国内外有关光裸方格星虫在种质资源、营养价值、生理结构、人工养殖技术、营养需求与饲料及环境毒理学等方面的研究进展。     

旱碱地增施叶面肥对减氮棉田冠层光分布及产量的影响

为了研究机采种植模式下不同水平减施氮肥后增施叶面肥对棉花花铃期冠层光分布、叶面积指数及与产量的影响，旱碱地条件下，设置0（CK）、60（N1）、90（N2）、120（N3）、150（N4）、180（N5，当地常规施氮量）、225 kg·hm^－2 （N6）7个施氮水平，其中N1～N4喷施叶面肥4次，测定花铃期群体叶面积指数（Leaf area index, LAI）、冠层光分布和籽棉产量。结果表明：与当地常规施氮量相比，减施（60～150 kg·hm^－2）氮肥后，棉花花铃期叶面积指数降低0.7%～5.5%，冠层光总截获率降低0.2～1.7百分点，冠层光透射率升高0.2～0.8百分点；各减施氮肥处理群体叶面积指数与冠层上层叶片的光截获率均呈显著正相关，与下层叶片的光截获率则呈负相关；籽棉产量随施氮量的减少而降低，二者有较高的相关性（R²＝0.990 5）。减氮（90～150 kg·hm^－2）增施叶面肥处理的LAI、冠层光总截获率、光透射率、冠层上下层叶片光截获率以及籽棉产量与当地常规施氮量180 kg·hm^－2处理差异均不显著。综上，旱碱地机采模式棉田增施叶面肥，对减施氮肥棉花花铃期冠层光分布、叶面积指数及籽棉产量有一定补偿作用。     

Marine Anticancer Agents: An Overview with a Particular Focus on Their Chemical Classes

The marine environment is a rich source of biologically active molecules for the treatment of human diseases, especially cancer. The adaptation to unique environmental conditions led marine organisms to evolve different pathways than their terrestrial counterparts, thus producing unique chemicals with a broad diversity and complexity. So far, more than 36,000 compounds have been isolated from marine micro- and macro-organisms including but not limited to fungi, bacteria, microalgae, macroalgae, sponges, corals, mollusks and tunicates, with hundreds of new marine natural products (MNPs) being discovered every year. Marine-based pharmaceuticals have started to impact modern pharmacology and different anti-cancer drugs derived from marine compounds have been approved for clinical use, such as: cytarabine, vidarabine, nelarabine (prodrug of ara-G), fludarabine phosphate (pro-drug of ara-A), trabectedin, eribulin mesylate, brentuximab vedotin, polatuzumab vedotin, enfortumab vedotin, belantamab mafodotin, plitidepsin, and lurbinectedin. This review focuses on the bioactive molecules derived from the marine environment with anticancer activity, discussing their families, origin, structural features and therapeutic use.     

在农业领域启动技术方法创新平台建设的思考

文章以贯彻国家大型设备开放共享精神为出发点,阐述了技术方法创新平台建设的背景,明确了该平台的基本工作任务,如提升设施运行效率、推进全面开放共享、完善均衡人员体系、支撑领域科技发展等,并提出了加强研究经费支持、推进运行绩效管理、探索人才引育模式、强化仪器配置管理等加强技术方法创新平台建设的建议。     

近红外光谱技术在家禽养殖领域应用现状

近红外光谱是一种快速光谱分析的新方法,伴随着光谱技术与化学计量法的发展,近红外光谱已广泛应用于农业、食品、医药、石油化工等行业,极大地提高了各行业信息化水平。基于近红外光谱在家禽养殖领域的应用现状,本文总结了近红外光谱技术的发展及其在饲料成分检测和禽肉检测中的应用。在饲料检测和家禽肉类检测方面,通过将禽肉样品的光谱信息与质量指标的参考值相关联,建立了预测饲料和待测肉类高精度、高稳定性的数学模型。与传统方法相比,近红外光谱技术具有信息量大、数据计算速度快等优点。本文还归纳了近红外光谱技术在饲料品质检测和肉类品质检测的应用现状,指出了近红外光谱在家禽养殖领域的大规模应用推广的可能性。同时指出近红外光谱技术存在的问题和未来发展方向,结果表明近红外光谱技术在饲料和畜产品检测领域具有良好的发展前景和应用价值。     

菠萝灌溉施肥技术研究进展

季节性干旱是限制菠萝增产提质增效的重要原因,发展“以水促肥,以肥促产,水肥高效耦合”的现代灌溉施肥技术,是应对季节性干旱,促进菠萝增产提质增效的重要途径。本文从华南地区季节性干旱时空分布特征、干旱胁迫对菠萝生长发育的影响、我国菠萝水肥管理现状、灌溉施肥技术对菠萝生长发育的影响等4个方面简要阐述了我国菠萝灌溉施肥技术发展的必要性,重点从现代灌溉施肥方式、耗水规律和养分吸收规律等3方面总结了菠萝灌溉施肥技术研究进展,并结合研究进展提出我国菠萝灌溉施肥技术目前存在的问题,探讨未来可能的研究重点和发展方向,为菠萝灌溉施肥技术的研究与应用提供参考。     

覆盖对红叶石楠和红豆杉生长的影响

在相同地域条件下,采用传统养护方式与覆盖养护方式的对比试验,研究覆盖对红叶石楠和红豆杉生长的影响。结果表明:合理有效的覆盖养护方式,可以明显的改良土壤肥力,促进植株生长。