New prenylflavans from Cyperus conglomeratus

In addition to luteolin and its 7-methyl ether, the CH2Cl2-MeOH (1:1) extract of Cyperus conglomeratus afforded two new prenylflavans identified as 7,3'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dimethoxy-8-prenylflavan and 5,7,3'-trihydroxy-5'-methoxy-8-prenylflavan. The structures were established by CIMS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, H-H COSY, HMQC, HMBC and DEPT analysis.     

有机物-金属相互作用对重金属负载土柱中粘土矿物吸附剂再生的影响

Natural clay minerals can play an important role in crude remediation of wastewater polluted with the heavy metals (HMs) Cu,Zn and Ni.The presence and timing of addition of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) have a significant effect on the HM removal by clay mineral sorbents.However,the influence of the presence of DOM on the remediation of the used clay mineral sorbents once saturated with HMs is largely unknown.To resolve this,clay mineral-rich soil column of varying composition,loaded (i) with Cu,Zn and Ni only,(ii) first with DOM followed by Cu,Zn and Ni,or (iii) with DOM,Cu,Zn and Ni simultaneously,was used in a set of desorption experiments.The soil columns were leached with 0.001 mol L-1 CaCl2 dissolved in water as control eluent and 0.001 mol L-1 CaCl2 dissolved in DOM as treatment eluent.During the preceding loading phase of the sorbent,the timing of DOM addition (sequential or concurrent with HMs) was found to have a significant influence on the subsequent removal of the HMs.In particular when the column was loaded with DOM and HMs simultaneously,largely irreversible co-precipitation took place.Our results indicate that the regeneration potential of clay mineral sorbents in wastewater treatment will be significantly reduced when the treated water is rich in DOM.In contrast,in manured agricultural fields (where HMs enter together with DOM),HM mobility will be lower than expected from interaction dynamics of HMs and clay minerals.     

Putative human and avian risk factors for avian influenza virus infections in backyard poultry in Egypt

Highly pathogenic influenza A virus subtype H5N1 causes significant poultry mortality in the six countries where it is endemic and can also infect humans. Egypt has reported the third highest number of poultry outbreaks (n = 1084) globally. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify putative risk factors for H5N1 infections in backyard poultry in 16 villages in Damietta, El Gharbia, Fayoum, and Menofia governorates from 2010–2012. Cloacal and tracheal swabs and serum samples from domestic (n = 1242) and wild birds (n = 807) were tested for H5N1 via RT-PCR and hemagglutination inhibition, respectively. We measured poultry rearing practices with questionnaires (n = 306 households) and contact rates among domestic and wild bird species with scan sampling. Domestic birds (chickens, ducks, and geese, n = 51) in three governorates tested positive for H5N1 by PCR or serology. A regression model identified a significant correlation between H5N1 in poultry and the practice of disposing of dead poultry and poultry feces in the garbage (F = 15.7, p < 0.0001). In addition, contact between domestic and wild birds was more frequent in villages where we detected H5N1 in backyard flocks (F = 29.5, p < 0.0001).     

Relationship between concentrations of macro and trace elements in serum and follicular,oviductal, and uterine fluids of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Tropical Animal Health and Production - This study aimed at investigating the relationship between concentrations of macro and trace elements in blood serum, and fluids from small and large...     

Radiation Synthesis of Poly(Acrylamide-Acrylic Acid-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate) Resin and Its Use for Binding of Some Anionic Dyes

Poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) P(AAm-AA-DMAEMA) resin was prepared by the template copolymerization. PAAm was used as a template for the copolymerization of DMAEMA and AA in aqueous solution using gamma rays. The adsorption of indigo carmine and eriochrome black-T anionic dyes from aqueous media on P(AAm-AA-DMAEMA) has been investigated. The adsorption behavior of this resin has been studied under different adsorption conditions: dye concentrations (50?C500 mg l^?1), contact times, temperature (30?C55°C), and pH values (2?C7). The amount of dye adsorbed increased with increasing resin content, but it had a little change with temperature and decreased slightly with increasing pH. Adsorption data of the samples were modeled by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic equations in order to investigate dye adsorption mechanism. It was found that the adsorption kinetics of the resin followed a pseudo-second-order model with rate constant (k ₂) of 2.5?×?10^?3 and 1.8?×?10^?2 g (mg^?1 min^?1) for indigo carmine and eriochrome black-T, respectively. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It was seen that the Freundlich model fits the adsorption data better than the Langmuir model.     

Simultaneous Removal of Greases and Hexavalent Chromium from Electroplating and Chromate Conversion Coating Waste Solution by Electrocoagulation

Simultaneous removal of oil droplets and hexavalent chromium from synthetic wastewater of chromium plating and chromate conversion coating plants by electrocoagulation in a new cell design was studied under different conditions of pH, initial Cr⁶⁺ concentration, NaCl concentration, and current density. Under optimum conditions, more than 90% of oil content and Cr⁶⁺ were removed. Percent removal was found to increase with decreasing Cr⁶⁺; high Cr⁶⁺ concentrations tend to passivate the aluminum anode and decrease the percent removal of Cr⁶⁺ and oil. The effect of NaCl concentration shows a maximum percent removal at 1.5%. The pH range 4–5 was found to give the highest percent removal. Increase of current density was found to improve the percent removal of Cr⁶⁺ and oil droplets. The favorable effect the combined oil and Cr⁶⁺ removal on the capital and operating costs of wastewater remediation was pointed out. Potential merits of the present cell design compared to the traditional parallel plate cell were highlighted.     

The efficacy of some wild medicinal plant extracts on the survival and development of third instar larvae of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chrysomyia albiceps</Emphasis> (Wied) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Four crude wild plants extract of Artemisia herba-alba Asso, Artemisia monosperma Del., Euphorbia aegyptiaca Boiss. and Francoeuria crispa (Forsk.) extracted with four successive solvents; hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol were evaluated against the third instar larvae of Chrysomyia albiceps using dipping and thin film techniques. In dipping technique, larvae were immersed in the concentrations of plant extracts for 30 seconds. However, in thin film technique, larvae were exposed to thin layer from each plant extract in the Petri-dishes. Results showed that all extracts had toxic effects on larvae in both two treatments. Hexane and diethyl ether extracts of A. herba-alba and ethyl acetate extract of A. monosperma recorded the highest effect in both two treatments. Ethanol extracts of E. aegyptiaca and A. monosperma were the highest in dipping and thin film treatments, respectively. In dipping treatment, most plant extracts revealed extending effect on pupae especially while in thin film treatment most larvae which succeeded to develop to pupae produced normal flies. Deformed pupae were only recorded with the high concentration of diethyl extracts of A. herba-alba. Hexane, diethyl ether and ethyl acetate extracts of F. crespa only produced low percentages of deformed flies. Histological examination conducted on larvae confirmed that extracts in thin film treatment penetrated to the gut and destroyed its epithelial cells and wall. It concluded that the crude extracts of the four tested plants can be used in controlling of C. albiceps larvae while hexane extracts of E. aegyptiaca, A. herba-alba and A. monosperma are considered the most promising plant preparations against the larvae by using thin film technique.     

Biological treatments as a mean to improve feed utilization in agriculture animals-An overview

As a result of agriculture practices, mil ion tons of agriculture are produced as a secondary or by-products;however, with low nutritive values. Many methods are applied to improve the nutritive value ...