坡耕地植物篱技术研究进展

在全球生态环境恶化、水土流失日益严重的背景下,植物篱技术作为一项可持续发展的水土保持措施受到了各国学者的重视,并得到研究和推广。从植物篱的概念、种植模式、水土保持作用等方面,概述了国内外植物篱的研究进展,并总结了目前植物篱研究中存在的问题,以期对植物篱的研究与推广起到一定的指导作用。     

犬细小病毒病的诊断与防治

俗你“狗翻肠子”其实就是犬细小病毒病，是犬的具有高度接触性的烈性传染病。     

杨树伐桩嫁接与植苗林的生长及碳储量的比较

The leaf nutrient, biomass and carbon reserve of 9-year-old Populus×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ stump grafting stand with 26-year-old P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’as rootstock, 26-year-old P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’ and 9-year-old P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ planting stands were compared. The result showed that the average increment and the annual average increment of stump grafting stand were greater than the two planting stands. The total nitrogen content in leaves of stump grafting stand was the highest, and it was 1.26 times and 1.05 times as much as that of the planting stands of Populus×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’ and P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ separately. The total phosphorus content of stump grafting stand was 1.3 times as much as that of planting stand of 26-year-old P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’, but there was little difference between stump graftin stand and planting stand of 9-year-old P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’. The total potassium of stump grafting stand was 46.6% and 95.8% lesser than that of the planting stands of P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’ and P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’. The biomass of aerial parts and the biomasses of trunk, branches and leaves of stump grafting stand were 1.84, 1.80, 1.76, and 3.00 times as much as that of planting stand of P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ separately. The total root biomass of the stump grafting stand was 1.42 times and 7.68 times as much as that of planting stands of 26-year-old P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’ and 9-year-old P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’. There was an obvious advantage in carbon reserve from all the parts of the stump grafting stand and the carbon sequestration capacity was the highest, which was 2.66 times and 1.62 times as much as that of planting stands of 26-year-old P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’ and 9-year-old P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’. These showed that the stump grafting stand had more advantages than planting stands.     

晋西黄土区典型植被类型的土壤水分特征

在晋西黄土区,研究了荒草地、锦鸡儿灌木林地和刺槐乔木林地3种典型植被不同土层的土壤密度、含水量、贮水能力和入渗性能的差异及其相关性,结果显示:3种植被类型都能有效减小表层(0 20 cm)土壤密度;3种植被类型表层(0 20 cm)的土壤滞留贮水量较大,锦鸡儿林地(198.80 t·m-3)刺槐林地(166.10 t·m-3)荒草地(87.37 t·m-3),20 40 cm土层的土壤滞留贮水量也是锦鸡儿林地(127.30 t·m-3)刺槐林地(55.60 t·m-3)荒草地(47.30 t·m-3),表明在3种植被类型中,锦鸡儿林地对晋西黄土丘陵区土壤水分的涵养作用最强;锦鸡儿林地的土壤稳渗速率最大,为1.80 mm·min-1,刺槐林地次之,为1.46 mm·min-1,荒草地依然最小,且锦鸡儿林地土壤的均渗速率最大,为4.81 mm·min-1,其次是刺槐林地,为4.51 mm·min-1,荒草地最小。土壤密度与滞留贮水量呈极显著负相关关系,与土壤初渗速率和均渗速率呈极显著负相关关系,与稳渗速率呈显著负相关关系,非毛管孔隙度与稳渗速率和均渗速率存在极显著相关关系。Kostiakov模型和Horton模型对晋西黄土区3种植被类型土壤入渗过程模拟的拟合系数高达0.97和0.95,明显优于Philip模型(0.43)。     

水分对崩岗土体抗剪切特性的影响

通过三轴剪切实验研究崩岗不同土层抗剪特性随土壤水分含量变化的规律.结果表明:(1)随着土壤含水量的增加,红土层粘聚力逐步增大,当含水量达到22％后,粘聚力急剧下降;砂土层的粘聚力随含水量的增大而呈现先增大后减小的趋势,但粘聚力变化幅度较小,碎屑层的粘聚力随含水量变化呈波动性变化.(2)3个土层的内摩擦角均随着含水量的增加而减小.(3)3个土层的抗剪强度也随含水量的增加而逐渐减小.     

杨树不同品种伐根嫁接更新效果比较

为了筛选出适宜杨树伐根嫁接更新的优良品种,以小美旱杨为砧木,选择038杨、中林46杨、107杨、108杨、埃瑞达诺110杨、中林2001杨、中林2025杨、84K杨和转基因杨9个杨树品种作接穗进行伐根嫁接,调查比较伐桩与不同品种接穗的成活率、保存率以及不同品种杨树平均胸径、平均树高和平均蓄积量。结果表明：1）以小美旱杨为伐桩,84k杨成活率和保存率均最低,其余8种新品种接穗成活率和保存率分别在80％和90％以上;2）84k杨的平均胸径、平均树高以及平均蓄积量均最低;3）中林2001杨、107杨、108杨、埃瑞达诺110杨以及中林2025杨平均胸径均较大,且之间无显著差异,埃瑞达诺110杨、107杨、108杨以及中林2001杨平均树高均较高,且差异不显著,埃瑞达诺110杨、107杨、108杨以及中林2025杨之间平均蓄积量均较大,且差异不显著。综合分析可知,埃瑞达诺110杨、107杨和108杨是适宜杨树伐根嫁接造林的优良品种。     

施氮量对新增耕地肥料利用及大豆产量的影响

在晋西黄土区新增耕地设置施加N0,N1,N2,N3,N4和N5六种不同氮水平氮肥的处理,比较分析不同施氮量对氮肥利用率、氮磷钾吸收累积、大豆生长发育和产量的影响,并通过回归拟合,确定最佳施氮量,结果表明:不同氮水平下,氮肥农学利用率、氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥偏生产力随施氮量的增加呈现下降的趋势,而各氮水平条件下氮肥生理利用率差异不大;施氮能够促进大豆植株各部位对氮、磷、钾的吸收利用,各处理之间大豆植株氮素累积量、磷素累积量和钾素累积量差异显著,且在N2水平下最高,但大豆植株氮、磷、钾累积量与施氮量相关性不显著;N2水平下大豆植株在出枝期、开花期和鼓粒期的株高、冠幅均最高,且大豆产量最高,达188.83g/m2,比其他五种处理措施增产8.68%~141.32%,其增产效益最高,为0.562元/m2;晋西黄土区新增耕地的最佳施氮量为168~178kg/hm2,对应理论产量为1 800~1 802kg/hm2。