火烧对北亚热带杉木林土壤有机碳的影响

[Objective]To study the effect of burning on soil organic carbon and to provide references for post-fire vegetation regeneration. [Method]The changes of organic carbon and nutrient contents in post-fire Cunninghamia lanceolata stand with the soil depth of 0~50 cm in north subtropical areas were analyzed. [Result]The contents of soil total organic carbon (TOC), easily-oxidized carbon (EOC) and light fraction organic carbon (LFOM) were higher than those of contrast sample area, which increased by 1.7%~38.0%、6.6%~33.2% and 3.1%~45.7%, respectively. Significant differences were found in the soil layer with depth of 0~10 cm and 10~20 cm (P<0.01). Compared with the contrast sample area, the soil carbon storage in the layer with depth of 0~50 cm increased by 19.1% one year after burning. The TOC, EOC and LFOM were all significantly related to the soil nutrients (total N, hydrolyzable N and available K). After burning, the increase of TOC, EOC and LFOM were mainly concentrated on the surface of soil and the organic carbon contents increased by 9.22 g·kg^-1 in 010 cm layer. [Conclusion]Moderate intensity burning has a significant impact on organic carbon in the soil of C. lanceolata stand in the north subtropical area. Moderate burning can increase the soil organic carbon because the soil can mix the organic residues caused by incomplete combustion of vegetation layer. Replanting in the burned area could be adopted to promote the vegetation restoration.     

雷竹林土壤各形态硒分布及其生物有效性

应用连续浸提的方法研究了浙江省富阳市主产雷竹(Phyllostachys praecox)的7个乡镇的8片雷竹试验林的土壤硒含量及其形态分布。结果表明,永昌镇测试土壤0～15cm土层自然总硒含量达到0.4856mg/kg(风干土),超过我国表层土壤中硒含量的平均值0.29mg/kg,其他几处土壤硒含量均处于平均值左右。雷竹林0～15cm土层总硒含量极显著高于15～30cm土层总硒含量。土壤各形态硒分布中,有机物-硫化物结合态硒及元素态硒是采样土壤中硒的主要存在形态,且与土壤总硒含量呈显著正相关。可溶态硒含量除与铁-锰氧化物结合态硒含量呈负相关外,与其他形态硒均没有相关性,而与有机质含量呈极显著正相关。竹笋与竹鞭硒含量与0～15cm土层有效硒含量之间均达到显著水平。     

北亚热带地区退化灌木林改造为人工阔叶林后土壤活性碳库的变化

以我国北亚热带地区退化灌木林改造11 a后形成的木荷-青冈栎混交林和杜英纯林为研究对象,并以保留的退化灌木林为对照,分析了不同树种组成对林分土壤活性有机碳含量的影响。结果表明:木荷-青冈栎混交林和杜英纯林0 50 cm各土层土壤有机碳含量比退化灌木林分别增加了52.33% 96.13%和77.93% 119.85%,土壤易氧化碳增加了57.89% 100.90%和21.44% 46.85%,土壤轻组有机质增加了74.50% 93.75%和27.24% 96.09%,而土壤水溶性有机碳变化不明显。不同树种组成林分土壤活性有机碳占土壤总有机碳的比率大小顺序,土壤水溶性有机碳/土壤总有机碳为退化灌木林 >木荷-青冈栎混交林 >杜英纯林,土壤易氧化碳/土壤总有机碳为木荷-青冈栎混交林 >退化灌木林 >杜英纯林。3种林分土壤各活性有机碳与土壤总有机碳的相关性均达到极显著水平(p<0.01),其中,木荷-青冈栎混交林相关系数大于其它两种林分。3种林分中,土壤总有机碳、易氧化碳、轻组有机质与土壤养分的相关性均达到极显著水平,而退化灌木林土壤水溶性有机碳与水解氮、速效钾相关性不显著,杜英纯林土壤水溶性有机碳与速效钾也无显著相关性。     

雷竹主要器官Se的分配与富集累积规律研究

在浙江省富阳市主产雷竹的7个乡镇的8个试验点生长正常的雷竹林和春建乡的2年生雷竹林中分别对雷竹主要器官Se的富集累积和同一竹鞭系统内立竹间Se的转移累积规律进行了研究.结果表明:在雷竹主要器官中,以叶片的Se含量最高,平均值为0.132 8mg·kg-1(干重),其次是竹笋,平均值为0.067 0 mg·kg-1(干重);其它器官之间差异较小,且硒含量极低;雷竹竹鞭硒含量与其它器官(竹笋、叶片、竹枝、竹秆)硒含量之间又均达到显著和极显著线性相关;在同一竹鞭系统内,一竹株茎秆注射亚硒酸钠后,另一未茎秆注射亚硒酸钠的竹株叶片的硒含量有明显的增加,证明了硒可在同一竹鞭系统内的立竹间传递.     

富阳市竹产业现状与发展对策

富阳市是一个九山半水半田分的山区市,竹林面积30 733 hm2,居浙江省第3位,竹业年产值近3亿元,传统的造纸业享誉全国.该文回顾总结了富阳竹产业的发展现状和存在问题,面对新世纪的竹业发展的大好形势,研究探讨了其发展战略及具体工作举措,并就如何进一步促进竹产业健康、快速、可持续发展提出了相应对策.