茎芥菜胞质四倍体白菜雄性不育系花药发育的研究

 以茎芥菜胞质雄性不育系与四倍体白菜杂交获得的同源四倍体白菜异源胞质雄性不育系及其保持系为材料，采用形态学和石蜡切片方法研究其花药解剖结构及发育。结果表明：该雄性不育为结构性雄性不育，其退化或畸形雄蕊分为5种类型：盾状雄蕊、条状雄蕊、片状雄蕊、羽状雄蕊和瓣状雄蕊。该雄性不育系花药发育败育有两个时期，盾状雄蕊花药败育于孢原细胞分化期，雄蕊整个发育时期均处在孢原细胞分化期，无绒毡层与花粉母细胞的分化，不形成药室，属孢子体败育型；其它类型雄蕊，花药败育发生在雄蕊原基分化时期，由于雄蕊原基偏离正常的分化轨道，形成瓣状化雄蕊。     

基于Web的数字农业系统平台研究与设计

数字农业系统是一个集信息化、数字化、网络化与自动化等多种现代高新技术为一体的,融合现代农业技术的智能化农业生产、管理和应用系统。在充分分析数字农业系统的研究意义、内涵和研究内容的基础上,给出了网络环境下数字农业系统的总体设计思路、方法和架构,并详细探讨了数字农业系统核心功能模块的主要功能及设计结构,以及未来物联网环境下数字农业系统,乃至智能农业系统地研究发展方向和趋势。     

覆盖光降解地膜对土壤污染及棉花生育影响的研究

自１９８４年以来，对国内外３０种不同型号的可控制降解时间的光降解地膜，进行了棉花田间效应研究认为，光解膜在自然曝晒下在一定时间范围内能够自行降解，与普通地膜相比具有相同的土壤环境效应和相近的增产效果。降解产物对土壤的矿质元素含量无明显影响，也未发现有害物质产生。在棉田应用时，诱导期控制在６０天左右，此后，降解过程越短越好，最长不宜超过１２０天。     

9个苹果新品种在榆林南部丘陵沟壑区的引种表现

为进一步筛选适宜榆林南部丘陵沟壑区栽植的优质苹果新品种,试验以长富2号为对照,通过对烟富系列、响富、瑞阳、瑞雪、维纳斯·黄金、秦脆、玉华早富等9个中晚熟苹果品种的主要性状进行观察记录,并对其进行分析研究。结果表明：烟富10、烟富6、响富、秦脆四个中晚熟红色品种和维纳斯·黄金、瑞雪两个晚熟黄色品种适宜于榆林南部丘陵沟壑区栽植。     

Evaluation of targeted drenching using Famacha method in Creole goat: reduction of anthelmintic use, and effects on kid production and pasture contamination

Haemonchus infection was monitored for 2 years (six kidding periods) in a Creole goat flock grazing under oceanic-tropical climate. Two hundred and thirty individual does were involved from late pregnancy to weaning. Anaemia diagnoses using Famacha method and packed cell volume (PCV) were compared. The best agreement (Kappa=0.33) was found if anaemia was declared when PCV values fell to 16 or below and Famacha score was 4 or 5. Drenching policy according to Famacha method was compared to systematic drenching policy. Using the Famacha method allowed a dramatic decrease in anthelmintic use during the periparturient period (0.57 individual dose instead of three doses for the control). The proportion of the nematode population on the pasture not derived from previously-treated goats (in refugia) was estimated to about 79% (65-90%) of the pasture contamination derived from the Famacha group. On the average, goats which needed to be drenched produced less than the control or undrenched goats (kid average daily gain was decreased by about 15%). The repeatability of the need for drenching individual does was estimated to 0.41. The older goats or the goats in poorer body condition at kidding needed more drenching than the younger animals and the animals in good body condition. Consequently the Famacha method may be used as an additional tool for the culling management.     

豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂转基因棉花的获得

利用根癌农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）介导法将豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂（Ｃｏｗ－ｐｅａＴｒｙｐｓｉｎＩｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒ,ＣｐＴＩ）基因转移进入棉花（ＧｏｓｙｐｉｕｍｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｍＬ．）。棉花幼苗的下胚轴与携带有ＣｐＴＩ基因和Ｎｐｔ－Ⅱ基因的根癌农杆菌共培养,在选择培养基上诱导出了卡那霉素抗性（Ｋｍｒ）愈伤组织。选择Ｎｐｔ－Ⅱ阳性的胚性愈伤组织在胚状体诱导培养基上进行胚状体诱导,继而在分化培养基上进行植株分化,最终获得了再生棉花植株。经Ｎｐｔ－Ⅱ分析、ＰＣＲ及Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ检测证明,外源ＣｐＴＩ基因和标记基因（Ｎｐｔ－Ⅱ基因）存在于转化棉株及其后代中。抗棉铃虫（Ｈｅｌｉｏｔｈｉｓａｒｍｉｇｅｒａ）生物活性检测表明转基因植株后代具有明显的抗棉铃虫能力。     

转基因棉花纯合系的获得和遗传分析研究

研究表明,携带有外源卡那霉素抗性（Npt-Ⅱ）基因的棉花子代幼苗在含卡那霉素（1000mg/L）的培养基上能够较为正常地生长,在外观上与对照有着明显的差异。据此建立了一种鉴定转基因棉花后代种子纯度的简易方法。利用该方法对转基因植株后代卡那霉素抗性和棉铃虫抗性之间的关系进行了研究。同时,还对转基因棉花纯合系的获得和外源基因的遗传稳定性进行了探讨。     

南海北部大陆架区渔业生物多样性研究

根据2006年10月到2007年9月在南海北部大陆架海域进行的4个航次底拖网调查资料,分析南海北部大陆架海域渔业资源的种类组成和群落特征。结果显示,渔获种类秋季最多,冬季最少,渔获物中鱼类占总渔获种类的79．42％;相对生物量指数与相对生物密度指数的季节变化趋势相一致,最高值在夏季,最低值在冬季;优势种（IRI〉500）为杜氏枪乌贼Loligo duvaucelii、六指马鲅Polynemus sextarius、粗纹鲳Leiognathus lineolatus和中国枪乌贼L．chinensis;主要种类（100〈IRI≤500）有六指马鲅、红星梭子蟹Portunus sanguinolentus、条尾绯鲤Upeneus bensasi、深水金线鱼Nemipterus bathybius、圆鳞发光鲷Acropoma hanedai、鹿斑鲳L．ruconius、剑尖枪乌贼L．edulis、黄鳍马面纯Navodon xanthopterus和弓背鳄齿鱼Champsodon atridorsalis等。物种种类数、Margalef种类丰富度指数（D）、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H’）和Pielou均匀度指数（J’）在秋季均具有最高值,最低值多出现在冬、春2季。     

镉胁迫下不同品种烟草镉化学形态分布研究

为研究镉胁迫下不同品种烟草积累和忍耐镉的差异及机制问题,以烟草品种‘RG17’、‘贵烟11号’、‘Xanthi’为试验材料,采用土培试验方法对不同品种烟草镉化学形态分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,烟草根、茎、叶镉的各形态含量随土壤镉浓度的增加而增加,根部FHAC分配比率最高,占绝对优势,茎FHAC降低,FNaCl增加,而叶片FNaCl分配比率最高,占绝对优势,且随着镉浓度的加大,根、茎、叶镉的各形态分配比率有接近的趋势。同样各形态分配比率因品种而异,根部‘Xanthi’FHAC分配比率最高,而FW、FNaCl分配比率低;叶内FNaCl分配比率‘Xanthi’高于其他品种,而FW分配比率低,随着镉浓度的增加,这种趋势更加明显。推断高积累型烟草根内镉形成难溶于水的磷酸盐有利于其对镉的积累,而与蛋白质络合,从细胞质转移到液泡可能是烟草耐性品种忍耐镉的主要机制之一。     

Mining the genetic diversity of Ehrlichia ruminantium using map genes family

Understanding bacterial genetic diversity is crucial to comprehend pathogenesis. Ehrlichia ruminantium (E. ruminantium), a tick-transmitted intracellular bacterial pathogen, causes heartwater disease in ruminants. This model rickettsia, whose genome has been recently sequenced, is restricted to neutrophils and reticulo-endothelial cells of its mammalian host and to the midgut and salivary glands of its vector tick. E. ruminantium harbors a multigene family encoding for 16 outer membrane proteins including MAP1, a major antigenic protein. All the 16 map paralogs are expressed in bovine endothelial cells and some are specifically translated in the tick or in the mammalian host.In this study, we carried out phylogenetic analyses of E. ruminantium using sequences of 6 MAP proteins, MAP1, MAP1-2, MAP1-6, MAP1-5, MAP1+1 and MAP1-14, localized either in the center or at the borders of the map genes cluster.We show that (i) map1 gene is a good tool to characterize the genetic diversity among Africa, Caribbean islands and Madagascar strains including new emerging isolates of E. ruminantium; (ii) the different map paralogs define different genotypes showing divergent evolution; (iii) there is no correlation between all MAP genotypes and the geographic origins of the strains; (iv) The genetic diversity revealed by MAP proteins is conserved whatever is the scale of strains sampling (village, region, continent) and thus was not related to the different timing of strains introduction, i.e. continuous introduction of strains versus punctual introduction (Africa versus Caribbean islands).These results provide therefore a significant advance towards the management of E. ruminantium diversity. The differential evolution of these paralogs suggests specific roles of these proteins in host–vector–pathogen interactions that could be crucial for developing broad-spectrum vaccines.