茎芥菜胞质四倍体白菜雄性不育系花药发育的研究

 以茎芥菜胞质雄性不育系与四倍体白菜杂交获得的同源四倍体白菜异源胞质雄性不育系及其保持系为材料，采用形态学和石蜡切片方法研究其花药解剖结构及发育。结果表明：该雄性不育为结构性雄性不育，其退化或畸形雄蕊分为5种类型：盾状雄蕊、条状雄蕊、片状雄蕊、羽状雄蕊和瓣状雄蕊。该雄性不育系花药发育败育有两个时期，盾状雄蕊花药败育于孢原细胞分化期，雄蕊整个发育时期均处在孢原细胞分化期，无绒毡层与花粉母细胞的分化，不形成药室，属孢子体败育型；其它类型雄蕊，花药败育发生在雄蕊原基分化时期，由于雄蕊原基偏离正常的分化轨道，形成瓣状化雄蕊。

Studies on Anther Development of Mustard Tubers Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines in Chinese Cabbage

Anther anatomical structure and development was observed using a light microscope through paraffin slices on the mustard tubers cytoplasmic male sterility line(CMS) and its corresponding maintainer line in tetraploid Chinese cabbage. The results showed that this allogenic cytoplasmic male sterility belongs to structural male sterility. There were five types in the degraded and abnormal stamens as follows:（1）peltate stamen;（2）stripe stamen;（3）sheet stamen;（4）pinnate stamen;（5）petaloid stamens. The anther development of the tetraploid chinese cabbage CMS was inhibited at two stage. The abortion of peltate stamen anther occurred at the stage of archesporial cell differentiation, at which there was no differentiation of fibrous layer, middle layers, tapetum and microspore mother cell and no anther sac formed. Peltate stamen of the allogenic cytoplasmic male sterility line belongs to non-sporange cytoplasmic male sterility. And the abortion of other types anther might occur at the stage of stamen anlage polarization. The stamen anlage deviated from the normal polarization and formed petal anlage, developing into petal.