排序方式: 共有62条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
Genetic analysis for sow stayability at different parities in purebred Landrace and Large White pigs
Shinichiro Ogawa Makoto Kimata Kazuo Ishii Yoshinobu Uemoto Masahiro Satoh 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13599
Genetic parameters for sow stayability were estimated from farrowing records of 10,295 Landrace sows and 8192 Large White sows. The record for sow stayability from parity k to parity k + 1 (k = 1, …, 6) was 0 when a sow had a farrowing record at parity k but not at parity k + 1, and 1 when a sow had both records. Heritability was estimated by using single-trait linear and threshold animal models. Genetic correlations among parities were estimated by using two-trait linear–linear and single-trait random regression linear animal models. Genetic correlations with litter traits at birth were estimated by using a two-trait linear–linear animal model. Heritability estimates by linear model analysis were low (0.065–0.119 in Landrace & 0.061–0.157 in Large White); those by threshold model analysis were higher (0.136–0.200 & 0.110–0.283). Genetic correlations among parities differed between breeds and models. Genetic correlation between sow stayability and number born alive was positive in many cases, implying that selection for number born alive does not reduce sow stayability. The results seem to be affected by decisions on culling made by farmers. 相似文献
3.
Accuracy of imputation of single nucleotide polymorphism marker genotypes from low‐density panels in Japanese Black cattle 下载免费PDF全文
Shinichiro Ogawa Hirokazu Matsuda Yukio Taniguchi Toshio Watanabe Akiko Takasuga Yoshikazu Sugimoto Hiroaki Iwaisaki 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(1):3-12
Using target and reference fattened steer populations, the performance of genotype imputation using lower‐density marker panels in Japanese Black cattle was evaluated. Population imputation was performed using BEAGLE software. Genotype information for approximately 40 000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers by Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip was available, and imputation accuracy was assessed based on the average concordance rates of the genotypes, varying equally spaced SNP densities, and the number of individuals in the reference population. Two additional statistics were also calculated as indicators of imputation performance. The concordance rates tended to be lower for SNPs with greater minor allele frequencies, or those located near the ends of the chromosomes. Longer autosomes yielded greater imputation accuracies than shorter ones. When SNPs were selected based on linkage disequilibrium information, relative imputation accuracy was slightly improved. When 3000 and 10 000 equally spaced SNPs were used, the imputation accuracies were greater than 90% and approximately 97%, respectively. These results indicate that combining genotyping using a lower‐density SNP chip with genotype imputation based on a population of individuals genotyped using a higher‐density SNP chip is a cost‐effective and valid approach for genomic prediction. 相似文献
4.
Ryota Komiya Shinichiro Ogawa Tatsuya Aonuma Masahiro Satoh 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2022,139(1):113-124
Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in Japanese Black cattle enable genomic prediction and verifying parent–offspring relationships. We assessed the performance of opposing homozygotes (OH) for paternity testing in Japanese Black cattle, using SNP genotype information of 50 sires and 3,420 fattened animals, 1,945 of which were fathered by the 50 genotyped sires. The number of OH was counted for each sire–progeny pair in 28,764 SNPs with minor allele frequencies of ≥0.05 in this population. Across all pairs of animals, the number of OH tended to increase as the pedigree-based coefficient of relationship decreased. With a threshold of 288 (1% of SNPs) for paternity testing, most sire–progeny pairs were detected as true relationships. The frequency of Mendelian inconsistencies was 2.4%, reflecting the high accuracy of pedigree information in Japanese Black cattle population. The results indicate the utility of OH for paternity testing in Japanese Black cattle. 相似文献
5.
不同添加剂对苜蓿青贮饲料品质的影响 总被引:38,自引:0,他引:38
利用糖蜜、甲酸、乳酸菌制剂和酶制剂分别或共同对 2种不同含水率的苜蓿进行了青贮调制试验 ,结果表明 :不同添加剂处理的苜蓿 1(含水率 71%~ 73% )和苜蓿 2 (含水率 6 2 %~ 6 4 % )青贮饲料的等级均为良好 ,且发酵品质均比对照组有所提高。糖蜜使苜蓿 1和苜蓿 2青贮饲料乳酸与总酸质量比分别提高 4 7%和 32 % ,NDF降解率分别提高 10 %和 2 2 % ;乳酸菌制剂降低了青贮饲料中乳酸含量 ,提高了乙酸含量 ,使NDF降解率分别比对照组提高 2 6 %和 18% ;酶制剂提高了动物的消化率 ;乳酸菌制剂和酶制剂共同作用使乳酸与总酸质量比分别降低了37%和 39% ,同时提高了动物消化率和青贮饲料的营养价值 ;甲酸处理使饲料中乙酸与总酸质量比分别降低了31%和 2 5 % ,NDF降解率分别提高了 19%和 14 % ,并在一定程度上抑制了蛋白质和氨基酸的分解。糖蜜有效抑制了苜蓿 1青贮饲料的二次发酵 ,但苜蓿 2青贮饲料的发酵品质显著优于苜蓿 1(P <0 0 5 )。 相似文献
6.
7.
Tomoaki ONODA Ryuta YAMAMOTO Kyohei SAWAMURA Harutaka MURASE Yasuo NAMBO Yoshinobu INOUE Akira MATSUI Takeshi MIYAKE Nobuhiro HIRAI 《Journal of Equine Science》2013,24(4):63-69
Percentile growth curves are often used as a clinical indicator to evaluate variations of
children’s growth status. In this study, we propose empirical percentile growth curves
using Z-scores adapted for Japanese Thoroughbred horses, with considerations of the
seasonal compensatory growth that is a typical characteristic of seasonal breeding
animals. We previously developed new growth curve equations for Japanese Thoroughbreds
adjusting for compensatory growth. Individual horses and residual effects were included as
random effects in the growth curve equation model and their variance components were
estimated. Based on the Z-scores of the estimated variance components, empirical
percentile growth curves were constructed. A total of 5,594 and 5,680 body weight and age
measurements of male and female Thoroughbreds, respectively, and 3,770 withers height and
age measurements were used in the analyses. The developed empirical percentile growth
curves using Z-scores are computationally feasible and useful for monitoring individual
growth parameters of body weight and withers height of young Thoroughbred horses,
especially during compensatory growth periods. 相似文献
8.
Sawa S Cherrier M Lochner M Satoh-Takayama N Fehling HJ Langa F Di Santo JP Eberl G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6004):665-669
Lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells initiate the development of lymphoid tissues through the activation of local stromal cells in a process similar to inflammation. LTi cells express the nuclear hormone receptor RORγt, which also directs the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 in T cells. We show here that LTi cells are part of a larger family of proinflammatory RORγt(+) innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that differentiate from distinct fetal liver RORγt(+) precursors. The fate of RORγt(+) ILCs is determined by mouse age, and after birth, favors the generation of cells involved in intestinal homeostasis and defense. Contrary to RORγt(+) T cells, however, RORγt(+) ILCs develop in the absence of microbiota. Our study indicates that RORγt(+) ILCs evolve to preempt intestinal colonization by microbial symbionts. 相似文献
9.
Masato MIYAKE Shinichiro HAYASHI Yoshikazu TAKETA Shunsuke IWASAKI Kouichi WATANABE Shyuich OHWADA Hisashi ASO Takahiro YAMAGUCHI 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(2):223-229
Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator during muscle differentiation, whereas insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) are essential for muscle development. MSTN and IGFs act oppositely during myogenesis, but there is little information on the mutual relationship of MSTN and IGFs. The present study was conducted to examine whether MSTN affects IGF expression during early myogenesis in cattle. IGF‐1 mRNA was similarly expressed in M. longissimus thoracis of double‐muscled (DM) and normal (NM) Japanese shorthorn cattle. IGF‐2 mRNA expression was consistently higher in the normal and regenerating muscle of DM cattle than those of NM cattle. When myoblasts were isolated from regenerating M. longissimus thoracis, IGF‐2 mRNA expression showed a significant increase in differentiating DM derived myoblasts (DM‐myoblasts) as compared with differentiating NM derived myoblasts (NM‐myoblasts). An addition of recombinant mouse myostatin (rMSTN) to myoblast cultures attenuated IGF‐2 mRNA expression and decreased myotube formation, but did not effect IGF‐1 mRNA expression. An activin‐like kinase (ALK) inhibitor, SB431542, mediates MSTN action, suppressed the translocation of Smad2/3 into the nucleus in DM‐myoblasts, and restored the attenuated IGF‐2 mRNA expression and the decreased myotube formation induced by rMSTN in myoblast cultures. The findings indicate that MSTN may negatively regulate myoblast differentiation by suppressing IGF‐2 expression via ALK‐Smad signaling. 相似文献
10.
Shiori Okuda Mitsuru Okuda Shohei Matsuura Shinichiro Okazaki Hisashi Iwai 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(2):355-362
The vector competence of Frankliniella occidentalis for Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) was evaluated. Three vector strains with distinct competences for Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) transmission were investigated, including an artificially selected strain (TsH) that has a particularly high competence (>90 %). Newly hatched larvae of F. occidentalis were given an acquisition access period of 5 days on CSNV-infected D. stramonium leaves, and reared to maturity. Their transmission efficiencies were examined using a leaf disk assay using Petunia x hybrida leaves. Following the leaf disk assay, the virus accumulation in the vectors was examined via a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) of their bodies. The results showed that the CSNV acquisition and transmission efficiency of the TsH strain did not differ from those of the others, indicating that the competence of F. occidentalis as a vector for CSNV is not related to that for TSWV. The CSNV transmission and acquisition efficiencies of two F. intonsa strains (Hiroshima and Fukuoka) were also evaluated. In Hiroshima strain, 35 % of adults were viruliferous, but only two transmitters (3 %) were observed. In Fukuoka strain, 6 % were viruliferous, and no transmitters were observed. These results indicate that F. intonsa cannot be a major vector for CSNV. The accumulation of CSNV in the adults of F. occidentalis and F. intonsa evaluated using DAS-ELISA showed a significant difference in ELISA values among transmitter, viruliferous non-transmitter, and non-viruliferous individuals. These results clearly demonstrated that only transmitters that accumulated a threshold quantity of virus can transmit CSNV to plants. 相似文献