杏鲍菇液体菌种培养条件的研究

本文采用L9(3^4)正交试验设计，多指标综合平衡法，以菌球的干重、密度、直径为检验指标，研究了温度、装量、接种量、转速不同组合对杏鲍菇液体菌种各项指标的影响。经过试验分析，从中筛选出最适合杏鲍菇液体菌种生长的四因素最佳组合为温度30℃、装量100mL、接种量15％、转速210r／min。     

鸡蛋消毒方法的对比研究

采用5种消毒方法对鸡蛋蛋壳表面细菌进行杀菌效果试验,结果表明,各处理组之间抑菌效果差异显著(P＜0.05),杀菌效果优劣依次为开水浸烫＞甲醛熏蒸＞过氧乙酸熏蒸＞高锰酸钾浸泡＞过氧乙酸浸泡,开水浸烫操作技术难度较大,容易引起蛋壳破裂,适宜实际生产的消毒方法为过氧乙酸熏蒸和甲醛熏蒸.将消毒处理后的鸡蛋在温度25℃,相对湿度60%～80%贮存20天,开水浸烫处理组鸡蛋仍保持较鲜的品质,其余各组鸡蛋品质较差.结果表明,常规消毒方法(除开水浸烫法)只能抑制蛋壳表面微生物的生长繁殖,不能延缓鸡蛋品质下降达到保鲜鸡蛋的作用.     

我国甘蔗产业化现状浅析

从甘蔗自然属性、种植地域分布、品种、种植模式等农艺角度,以及甘蔗机械收获方式和甘蔗收获机械等农机角度,对我国甘蔗产业现状进行全面分析,指出甘蔗产业在我国糖业发展的重要地位,且甘蔗收获机械化是甘蔗机械化生产中最薄弱环节。针对我国目前甘蔗收获现状,对制约甘蔗机械收获的因素进行细致分析,并从农艺因素、农机因素、加工因素、环境因素和社会因素等5个方面进行归类提炼,对甘蔗收获机械化进行了展望。     

响应曲面法优化气体射流冲击锥栗脱壳工艺

为了优化锥栗气体射流冲击脱壳工艺,采用响应曲面法分析了冲击温度（163～197C）、加热时间（109～311 s）及气流速度（6.68～9.73 m/s）对于脱壳锥栗品质（失水率、脱壳率、色泽L＊值）的影响,并建立了相应的预测模型.方差分析的结果表明：冲击温度、加热时间及气流速度对于失水率、脱壳率和色泽L＊值这三项指标都有着极为显著的影响.优化所得的较优工艺参数为：冲击温度1 79℃,加热时间278 s,气流速度7.83 m/s.对应的失水率、脱壳率及色泽L＊值的预测值分别为：4.14%、86.95%和58.65.经试验证明：应用响应曲面法所得到的脱壳工艺参数是可行的.     

杏鲍菇液体菌种栽培试验总结

杏鲍菇（Pleurotus eryngii DC．ex Fr）由于肉质肥厚，质地脆嫩，具有特殊的杏仁香味，被誉为“菇中之王”。要实现杏鲍菇的大规模商品化生产，应用液体菌种是必然。液体菌种萌发点多、菌龄一致，因此接入栽培料后萌发快、定植早、成品率高，既缩短了生产周期又提高了生产效率，特别适合于食用菌的规模化、周年化、工厂化生产。两年来，我们在栽培基础上，总结出了利用液体菌种栽培杏鲍菇的高产技术。现介绍如下。     

兔肉及兔副产品的加工利用

养兔的目的不仅是为了生产量多质优的产品以满足人们的生活需要,而且还可以为发展工业提供优质的原料,为发展农业提供优质肥料.我国几十年来养兔业几起几落的经验证明:产品的生产、销售单靠国际市场需求,不重视国内渠道疏通,必然受国际贸易制约,造成产品销售的被动局面.     

红枣气体射流冲击干燥收缩特性研究

Chinese jujube originated in China and has a long historical standing. China is the only country which can produce a great amount of Chinese jujube in the world. Modern research showed that the nutrition of Chinese jujube is abundant. Chinese jujube has great medicinal and food value, with high economic value and good prospects for development. Shrinkage characteristics of dates generally refer to volume shrinkage characteristics of whole dates. Large fruit and plump grain appearance of dates is the first choice of consumers to buy elements. The volume of dried jujube points to the consumer’s heart, and is an important indicator of consumers whether to buy. Jujube processing enterprises grade the date in accordance with its size, different grades dates have different value and price. Therefore, drying is the most important steps during the dates processing as it affects directly the quality of the product, and the shrinkage characteristics is the most important quality characteristic of Chinese jujube after drying. However, the traditional natural desiccation and desiccation in the drying room of the red dates has many problems. The conventional drying method for Chinese jujube has some disadvantages of severe shrinkage, long drying time and large energy consumption etc. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of dried Chinese jujube and reduce the shrinkage, it is imperative to replace the traditional drying method with the modern technologies. Air impingement drying technology was applied to dry Chinese jujube. The drying characteristics of shrinkage, moisture effective diffusivity considering shrinkage characteristics and the activation energy of Chinese jujube shrinkage were investigated under different air temperatures (55, 60, 65 and 70℃) and air velocities (6, 9, 12 and 15m/s). The dynamic changes of the regular pattern for the shrinkage characteristic of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process were studied, the results showed that the volume relative shrinkage ratio of Chinese jujube appeared to increase and then decrease with the increase of air temperature and air velocity. Considering shrinkage characteristics, the moisture effective diffusivity of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process through the Fick’s second law was obtained. The diffusivity appeared to increase and then decrease with the decrease in moisture content in dry basis of Chinese jujube. The Arrhenius equation calculated the shrinkage activation energy of the Chinese jujube was 1281kJ/mol. This research provided technical basis for shrinkage characteristics of Chinese jujube using air impingement drying technology.     

应用耕水机养殖南美白对虾的试验

为探索一条新的水产养殖途径,该文利用耕水机进行南美白对虾养殖对比试验。在一个养殖周期内对溶解氧、温度、pH值和亚硝酸盐等水环境因子及南美白对虾生长情况、品质和经济效益进行了分析研究。试验结果表明：与非耕水机养殖比较,使用耕水机能够提高水体溶解氧均匀度和温度均匀度,增加池塘溶解氧含量;维持水体pH值在7.6～8.9之间;降低水体亚硝酸盐含量;对虾生长速度快且品质优良;节约耗电量56.9%、饵料15.5%、药费45.4%;提高单位面积产量20.1%。试验和分析结果证明使用耕水机能够改善水体环境,降低养殖成本,增加养殖收入,有较高的实际应用价值。     

杏子的气体射流冲击干燥特性

为了提高杏子干制的品质、缩短干制时间,该文将气体射流冲击干燥技术应用于杏子干燥,研究了杏子在不同干燥温度（50、55、60和65℃）和风速（3、6、9和12 m/s）下的干燥曲线、水分有效扩散系数以及干燥活化能。试验结果表明：干燥温度和风速对杏子的干燥速率均有显著影响,但干燥温度对其的影响比风速更为突出;杏子的整个干燥过程属于降速干燥,通过费克第二定律求出了干燥过程中杏子的有效水分扩散系数,其值在8.346～13.846×10-10 m2/s的范围内随着干燥温度和风速的升高而增大;通过阿伦尼乌斯公式计算出了杏子干燥活化能为30.62 kJ/mol,表明利用气体射流冲击干燥技术从杏子中除去1 kg水需要消耗大约1 701 kJ的能量。该研究为气体射流冲击干燥技术应用于杏子的干燥提供了技术依据。     

板栗气体射流冲击干燥特性和工艺优化

为了解决板栗深加工中的干燥问题,将气体射流冲击干燥技术应用于板栗干燥,研究了板栗仁在不同风温（70、75、80和85℃）和风速（10、12、14和16 m/s）下的干燥特性;根据单因素试验结果进行了风温、风速和预处理（不烫漂、100℃热水烫漂和100℃蒸汽烫漂）的正交试验。试验结果表明：板栗的整个干燥过程属于降速干燥,风温和风速对板栗的干燥速率均有显著影响,但风温对其的影响比风速更为突出;正交试验各因素对明亮度、蓝黄值和感官评分的影响顺序为：预处理＞风温＞风速,对缩短板栗干燥时间的影响顺序为：风温＞风速＞