蕉城区茶叶有机肥替代化肥试点项目的实施意义、做法及建议

本文简介了蕉城区承担的国家农业部项目《2017年茶叶有机肥替代化肥试点项目》的任务目标、主要内容、实施意义及取得成效,着重介绍了其成功做法:①围绕任务目标,确定实施内容;②明晰技术路线图和进度时间表;③合理试点布局,遴选实施主体;④分解目标任务,规范操作运行;⑤依托专家力量,强化技术服务;⑥统筹协调安排,确保整体进度。     

不同机采处理对乌龙茶树冠生长和品质影响试验初报

以不修剪或树冠面修齐作对照,设最大树幅处剪平、最大树幅处与冠顶(树冠面最高处)的垂直距离1/2处剪平等2个处理,比较对芽梢性状、鲜叶产量、茶叶品质的影响效应.结果表明:处理1每(33.3 cm×33.3 cm)×10 cm叶层范围内春、秋茶发芽密度2年平均分别达154个和58个,显著或极显著高于对照;百芽重处理间的差异未达显著水平;处理1的春、秋茶产量显著或极显著高于对照;对照的乌龙茶花香显,味醇爽,汤色金黄明亮,平均加权得分高于其他处理0.1～1.5分,品质最佳;春茶酚氨比均高于对照.     

Comparison of diagnostics techniques in an outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis from meat chickens

Various diagnostics techniques were compared for their ability to detect infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) during an outbreak in chickens aged between 4 and 21 wk. Gross lesions ranged from excess mucus to accumulation of fibrinonecrotic exudate in the larynx and trachea. Syncytial cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in sinus, conjunctiva, larynx, trachea, lung, and air sac. Virus isolation in chicken embryos was attempted in every case. Negative-stain electron microscopy detected herpesvirus in only 6% of the cases. Yet, isolation of ILT virus in the chorioallantoic membrane was presumed by histology in >20% of the samples and confirmed by fluorescent antibody (FA) in 35% of the embryos inoculated with conjunctivas or tracheas from affected birds. Overall, results from histology and FA tests were highly correlated. FA test has the advantage over histology of being diagnostically specific for ILT virus. Polymerase chain reaction was the most sensitive test and detected the viral DNA even in cases where histology and FA were negative. ILT virus DNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Re-Ti ILTV). Histologic and FA results from larynx and trachea were negative if the concentration of the viral DNA was < or =4 of log10. A viral DNA concentration higher than log10 4, as determined by Re-Ti ILTV, was required for clinical ILT to be manifested.     

福建茶业发展的趋势与对策

一、前言茶叶做为世界三大饮料中唯一不含“副成分”的天然保健饮品，将越来越为消费者所青睐。世界饮料专家们预言：21世纪将是茶的世界。然而，当前世界茶业所面临的形势异常严峻。福建为我国的老茶区和主产区，在过去的岁月里，为祖国茶业和我省经济的发展做出了巨大贡...     

Lactation curves in captive Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus)

This study examines milk production and the effect of milk production and sex of calf on body weights and gains of red deer calves and hinds of the Iberian subspecies (Cervus elaphus hispanicus). Milk production was assessed in 14 hinds by weighing calves before and after suckling and by adjusting these values to the Gamma function. Gamma estimates of total milk production up to d 105 were similar to the amounts computed directly from double weighing. Hinds showed two types of lactation curve: 1) the standard mammal lactation curve, with an asymmetrical peak at wk 2 to 4 (Type I) and 2) decreasing curves with no peak (Type II). Although there was great interindividual variability, hinds with Type I curves showed a trend to produce more milk than those with Type II. The type of curve did not seem to affect weight variables of the calf or those of the dam. Calves that gained more weight consumed greater amounts of milk (P<.05). Males were heavier than females at birth (P<.05), but males did not differ from females in their weight at 105 d, milk consumption, and gain. Gender did not affect hind weight, but dams of male calves showed a trend to be lighter (P = .063) at d 105 than dams of female calves. Our results suggest that suckling differences found in other studies between male and female calves may not involve differences in milk production, although other rearing costs seem to affect hind weight losses. They also suggest that the curve type may not depend only, as reported, on the nutrition plane.     

Risk factors associated with the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among students at the veterinary school of Zaragoza University

The prevalence and risk factors associated with leptospirosis were studied in veterinary students in Zaragoza. Sera were collected at the beginning and end of the academic year 1994 to 1995 and were tested by ELISA against a pool of Leptospira interrogans serovars bratislava, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona antigens. At the beginning of the study the prevalence was 8.14 per cent and at the end it was 11.4 per cent. The incidence of the disease during the study was 0.0394. Risk factors associated with leptospirosis included: taking the course specialising in food inspection and technology, on-farm work, contact with pets in general, and particularly carnivores, and contact with animal traders. The symptoms associated with the disease were myalgia and fever, and the treatment of the symptoms provided some protection.     

Influence of age and purpose for testing on the cut-off selection of serological methods in bovine neosporosis

The aim of this study was to investigate the need for different cut-off points, according to animal age and the purpose of testing, for two of the most widely used serological techniques in bovine neosporosis, IFAT and a crude antigen ELISA (Civtest, HIPRA). Therefore, the population reference sera used were defined using a combination of multiple criteria such as epidemiological/clinical and histopathological parameters and an immunoblot test. Firstly, foetuses and breeding cattle (heifers and cows) were considered as separate subpopulations for serological evaluation. Secondly, cut-off points for each serological technique (IFAT and ELISA) according to age group (foetuses and breeding cattle) and the different practical applications (detection of infection and abortion) were calculated following the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Cut-off points were defined, for IFAT and ELISA for aborted breeding cattle and for IFAT alone in the case of the foetuses, assuming an equivalent cost of false positive and negative results. In infected breeding cattle, for IFAT and ELISA and in foetuses for ELISA, two possible cut-off values were obtained, one for a maximum sensitivity and one for a maximum specificity and the intervals of unclear results were defined. In this case, a cut-off value for equal sensitivity and specificity was also estimated. When cut-off points for infected breeding cattle, 1:100-1:250 for IFAT and 0.306-0.451 for ELISA were applied to a target population, optimal and similar negative and positive predictive values together with similar apparent and true prevalence results were observed suggesting the possibility of using both tests interchangeably.     

Renal handling of calcium and phosphorus in experimental renal hyperparathyroidism in dogs

Twenty-four hour urinary excretion, fractional excretion and the filtered load of calcium and phosphorus were monitored as hyperparathyroidism evolved in a model of progressive canine renal failure. Thirteen beagles of both sexes aged four and a half months were used. Nine of them were subjected to a renal damaging schedule (neomycine, 60 mg/kg/48 h, IM, 32 weeks) in order to induce chronic renal failure leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT group). The remaining four were kept as the control group. The experiment was conducted over 32 weeks. Blood and 24 h urine were collected every four weeks. Calcium, phosphorus and creatinine were analyzed. Plasma parathormone and calcitonin were determined at weeks 0, 12, 24 and 32. The level of renal function in the 2HPT animals was reduced to 25% of that of the controls (endogenous creatinine clearance was 0.45 +/- 0.22 mL/min/kg as opposed to 1.81 +/- 0.54 mL/min/kg). Hyperparathyroidism was confirmed by a progressive increase in the levels of the parathyroid hormone. Calcitonin levels were not modified. A tendency to hypocalcaemia was observed, reaching statistically significant levels from the twenty-eighth week of the study, when hyperphosphataemia also became significant. Daily urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus remained at values considered normal throughout the experiment with no alteration imputable to the impaired renal function. This is explained by the decrease in the filtered load of these elements (in both cases statistically significant from the 24th week on) being associated with an increase in their fractional excretion. Thus, calcium and phosphorus urinary excretion values could be maintained in a normal range up to the end of the experiment, showing that renal calcium handling in dogs with experimentally induced renal failure seems to differ from that observed in human patients.     

Multispecies and multiple anthelmintic resistance on cattle nematodes in a farm in Argentina: the beginning of high resistance?

There are very few resistance records on cattle nematodes. South American successive records have been increasing rapidly since the year 2000. In Argentina, increasing dissatisfaction based on the exclusive use of macrocyclic lactones has prompted the use of benzimidazoles in the Pampean region. The studied farm is located in the Argentina humid Pampas and had apparently poor results after anthelmintic treatments. Evaluation of resistance was firstly based on faecal egg reduction after treatment in November 2001 and June 2002 and was complemented with worm counts obtained by necropsy in June 2002. The study reports that the reduction of faecal egg excretion after benzimidazole (reduction 31-79%) or ivermectin treatments (76-97%) in November 2001 was insufficient and these poor results were confirmed in June 2002 (benzimidazoles (65-89%) and ivermectin (47-77%)). Several methods for evaluating faecal egg count reduction were performed and yielded different results. A new method based on the estimated faecal egg counts (corrected from the initial faecal egg counts and animal type using a general linear model) was used and gave higher flexibility in the interpretation of putative resistance to anthelmintics. From necropsy results, it could be concluded that Cooperia oncophora was resistant to avermectins and benzimidazoles and that Cooperia punctata, Ostertagia ostertagi and Haemonchus placei were resistant to benzimidazoles. This case of multispecies and multidrug resistance is probably not unique and could reflect the emergence of resistances in Argentina. This emergence is probably due to the intensive use of anthelmintics, the absence of refugia, and the frequent circulation of infected cattle.