Genetic diversity of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) populations in northeastern and northwestern China as revealed by ISSR markers

As a N₂-fixing tree species, sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is well adapted to arid regions and is utilized for multiple purposes in China. Current knowledge of genetic variability of H. rhamnoides is limited in terms of rangewide distributions. Eleven natural populations of sea buckthorn in northeastern and northwestern China were analyzed to detect genetic variation among and within populations, by use of ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats) markers. Using eight primers, 207 polymorphic loci were observed, ranging in size from 250 to 2500 bp. The coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst = 0.0679) showed that the total molecular variance of 11 populations was mainly existed within populations. The genetic variation within and among the 11 populations was 93.21 and 6.79%, respectively. No significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances of the populations was found using ISSR markers. Our study provides a population-level genetic profile for further investigation and conservation of genetic diversity of sea buckthorn.     

Effects of VA mycorrhizae and Frankia dual inoculation on growth and nitrogen fixation of Hippophae tibetana

Through biological inoculation technology, the joint symbiosis of Tibetan seabuckthorn (Hippophae tibetana) in pure culture was identified and the effects of dual inoculation with Frankia and mycorrhizal fungi on the host plants in pot cultures were investigated. The results obtained from the comparative study showed that H. tibetana could form nodules and VA mycorrhiza both in pot and pure cultures. VA mycorrhizae and Frankia can stimulate the growth and the nitrogen fixation ability of host plants, respectively, yet the stimulation of the dual inoculation on the growth and nitrogen fixation ability of the host plants was more significant (p<0.05): stronger nitrogen-fixing ability, higher VA mycorrhizal development and better growth of seedlings in VAH and HR16 dual inoculation.     

“背农”与“非背农”两类农业上市公司经营业绩的比较分析

把农业上市公司分为"背农"与"非背农"两类,以2005年年末数据为资料,建立因子分析模型对这两类农业上市公司的经营业绩与经营风险进行比较分析,以期为引导农业上市公司健康发展提供一些建议,为研究农业上市公司提供一个新的视角。     

水稻大穗形成机理的研究——穗肥施用时期对每穗颖花分化、退化和现存数的影响

在盆栽条件下以武育粳２号、盐粳２号两粳稻品种为材料，系统分析了不同时期施用穗肥对每穗颖花分化数、退化数和现存数及其相互关系的影响。结果表明，（１）促进一、二次颖花分化作用最大的时期分别是抽穗前３６、３１ｄ，对全穗颖花分化数促进作用最大的时期为抽穗前３１ｄ；（２）抽穗前４６～６ｄ施用穗肥均可显著降低颖花退化率，以抽穗前１６～２１ｄ施用穗肥对颖花退化数、退化率的降低幅度最大。一、二次颖花退化数分别与一、二次枝梗退化数呈极显著线性正相关关系，ｒ分别为０．９９２８＊＊、０．９９３７＊＊；（３）抽穗前４６～１１ｄ施用穗肥可显著增加每穗颖花现存数，以抽穗前３１ｄ处理每穗颖花现存数的增加幅度最大。每穗颖花现存数与每穗颖花分化数呈极显著线性正相关关系（ｒ＝０．９１５４＊＊）；（４）不同时期施用穗肥对抽穗期单茎干物重影响较小，对每克干物质形成现存颖花能力影响较大。     

Tidal effects on net ecosystem exchange of carbon in an estuarine wetland

One year of continuous data from two eddy-flux towers established along an elevation gradient in coastal Shanghai was analyzed to evaluate the tidal effect on carbon flux (F_c) over an estuarine wetland. The measured wavelet spectra and cospectra of F_c and other environmental factors demonstrated that the dynamics of F_c at both sites exhibited a tidal-driven pattern with obvious characteristics at scales between 10 and 20 days (256–512-h). Environmental factors exerted major controls on the carbon balance at finer temporal scales. F_c was more sensitive to tides at the low-elevation site than at the high-elevation site. Overall, the mean nighttime F_c during spring tides was lower than that during neap tides, indicating suppressed ecosystem respiration under inundation. Larger differences were observed at the low-elevation site due to longer inundation durations. In contrast, daytime F_c was more variable since plants reacted differently in different growth periods and under different tidal elevations. The amplitudes of diurnal F_c during tidal periods were larger than those reported for other wetland types, implying a great potential for future carbon sequestration. Whilst tides would also transport organic matter to nearby estuaries and hence may incur carbon emission in the receiving ecosystems. Thus, further study on lateral carbon transport is required to investigate the tidal effect on the carbon sink/source role of the wetland.     

川西名山县阶地漂洗土壤分类及参比研究

经历了强烈漂洗作用的土壤是一类形态独特的土壤,在分类系统中具有重要地位。本文在四川西部漂洗土壤集中分布的名山县第二至五级阶地上对这类土壤进行了野外调查采样和室内测试分析,按中国土壤系统分类的原理和方法,通过水耕表层、水耕氧化还原层、漂白层、人为滞水土壤水分状况、氧化还原特征等诊断层和诊断特性的确定及按顺序检索的方法,将其归入人为土纲,水耕人为土亚纲,简育水耕人为土和铁聚水耕人为土土类,漂白简育水耕人为土、漂白铁聚水耕人为土和普通铁聚水耕人为土亚类;同时按发生分类系统进行了类型划分,它们均归入漂洗水稻土亚类。比较而言,系统分类能更精确地区别土壤分异,有利于土壤精准化管理,但仍需进一步修订完善。     

探讨案例教学法在Flash动画制作课程中的应用

中高职院校以就业为导向,开设了《Flash动画制作》课程。该课程与就业联系比较紧密,实践性很强。研究提出了传统的教学方法已经不能够适应该课程的教学,提出有必要在Flash教学中引入案例教学。     

水稻颖花根活量与籽粒灌浆结实的关系

1986—1990年,在群体水培、大田及盆栽条件下,对不同类型水稻品种、不同氮素处理的根量、活力、籽粒灌浆结实、物质积累与分配等进行了研究。结果表明:(1)水稻品种间根量差异较大,主要由上层根量不同所致;(2)结实期平均根系活力随品种伸长节间数的增加呈下降趋势,与根量呈负相关;(3)不同生育期氮素处理对根量的影响以前期最大     

土壤铜胁迫对水稻磷素吸收利用及产量的影响

在土培盆栽条件下,研究移栽至成熟期100~800 mg/kg铜胁迫对早熟晚粳水稻品种武香粳14号磷素吸收利用及产量的影响。随着土壤铜含量的增加,水稻拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期吸磷量均显著下降,降幅为拔节期>抽穗期>成熟期;对水稻拔节期、抽穗期磷素生产效率没有显著影响,但成熟期磷素生产效率和磷素籽粒生产效率均显著下降;随着土壤铜含量的增加水稻产量下降10%~96%。相关分析表明,水稻拔节期和抽穗期吸磷量与穗数、每穗颖花数以及生物产量均呈显著或极显著正相关(r=0.842*~0.999**)。说明在土壤铜胁迫条件下水稻吸磷能力明显下降,影响植株光合生产,进而使水稻分蘖发生和颖花形成受阻,最终导致水稻显著减产。     

Evaluation of Changes in Hydrogeological Properties of Porous Media Induced by air Sparging in Sand Matrix

Air sparging (AS) is one of the most efficient techniques for remediating saturated soils and groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds. Most studies have focused on how the subsurface conditions control the AS process; however, the “side-effects” of AS that feed back to subsurface environment have not been well addressed. This paper studied the perturbation of porous media induced by AS and the consequent multi-parameter changes with the support of Miller soil box and resistivity test, and Darcy experiment and tracer breakthrough test. The Miller soil box test shows that the resistivity response can be credibly used as a non-intrusive method to indicate the porosity change, and that the porosity-resistivity data can be well fitted using Archie equation (R ² > 0.98). Based upon the electricity measurement and above quantitive relationship, it was found that the porosity increased near the air injection point and decreased near the upper boundary of the column due to the upward-transport of particles during air sparging. The changes in porosity were found to be directly proportional to the air injection rate, and the maximum absolute variation of porosity was up to 0.104 at the air flow rate of 20 ml/min, while it did not change in the absence of AS. Both the hydraulic conductivity and dispersion coefficient increased after AS perturbation as the preferential flow pathway formed. The two parameters changed from 3.40 m/d and 0.110 to 6.13 m/d and 0.288, respectively, at 20 ml/min. This work provides useful insight into the changes in flow and transport properties of porous media induced by AS, which then help to understand the instability of air flow and the parameter-uncertainty analysis in related AS model.