红脉穗螟寄生性天敌扁股小蜂的人工大量繁殖技术

扁股小蜂Elasmus punctulatus Verma&Hayat.是槟榔害虫红脉穗螟Tirathaba rufivena Walker的重要寄生性天敌,以人工饲料饲养的红脉穗螟为寄主,在室内条件下研究了该蜂人工大量繁殖技术,旨在提供足够的扁股小蜂以满足田间释放的需要,为红脉穗螟的生物防治提供相关技术。     

Larval diet affects development and reproduction of East Asian strain of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda

In December 11, 2018, the fall armyworm(FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda invaded China and has since impacted local maize, sorghum and other crops. Here, we draw on laboratory experiments to show how different host crops(i.e., maize, sorghum, wheat and rice) and artificial diet affect larval growth and adult reproduction of one local FAW strain. Larval diet affected development duration, pupation rate, survival and emergence rate of pupae, and S. frugiperda adult fecundity. FAW attained the slowest larval development(19.4 days) on sorghum and the fastest(14.1 days) on artificial diet, with larvae attaining 99.6% survival on the latter food item. On rice, FAW larvae attained survival rate of 0.4% and were unable to pupate successfully. Pupation rate and pupal survival varied substantially between artificial diet and live plantlets at different phenological stages. Pupal weight was the highest(0.26 g) on artificial diet and the lowest(0.14 g) on sorghum, while FAW females reached the highest fecundity(699.7 eggs/female) on 2-leaf stage maize. Egg hatching rate equaled 93.6% on 4-or 5-leaf stage maize and 36.6% on artificial diet. FAW intrinsic rate of natural increase and the finite rate of increase varied between larval diets, reflecting how young maize leaves are the most suitable diet. Our findings can help to refine laboratory rearing protocols, devise population forecasting models or guide the deployment of ‘area-wide' integrated pest management(IPM) modules in FAW-invaded areas of China and other Asian countries.     

小菜蛾弯尾姬蜂室内批量繁殖的技术

报道小菜蛾弯尾姬蜂室内批量繁殖工艺技术。实验室温度：20℃－25℃，光照：L：D12：12，相对温度：65％－70％，40m^2温室面积用于栽培甘蓝。在此条件下，每周可生产2000头－3000头小菜蛾弯尾姬蜂，可田间释放寄生蜂防治小菜蛾15亩－20亩。     

夜蛾黑卵蜂人工扩繁及应用研究进展

夜蛾黑卵蜂是多种鳞翅目害虫的重要卵寄生性天敌之一, 特别是对当前全球暴发的草地贪夜蛾有较好的控害效果。本文从生物防治的角度出发, 对草地贪夜蛾优势卵寄生天敌夜蛾黑卵蜂的生物学、人工扩繁以及在生产中的应用现状3个方面进行了梳理和归纳。     

Parasitoid wasps as effective biological control agents

Biological control (biocontrol) is a safe, sustainable approach that takes advantage of natural enemies such as predators, parasitic insects or pathogens to manage pests in agroecosystems. Parasitoid wasps, a very large evolutionary group of hymenopteran insects, are well-known biological control agents for arthropod pests in agricultural and forest ecosystems. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the application of parasitoid wasps in biocontrol in China for the last five years. These include species diversity of parasitoid wasps, identification of dominant parasitoid wasps associated with insect pests and biocontrol practices (three types of biological control, i.e., classical, augmentative and conservation biological control) in several Chinese agroecosystems. We then treat different mass-rearing and release technologies and the commercialization of several parasitoid wasp species. We also summarize other work that may have a potential use in biocontrol, including the effect of plant volatiles on parasitoids and recent advance in the molecular mechanisms underlying the host regulation by parasitoid wasps. Future research area and applied perspectives are also discussed, noting that advances in biocontrol technologies in Chinese agriculture informs research at the global level.     

广东地区花绒寄甲替代寄主的研究

将花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides Fairmaire幼虫接于替代寄主黄粉甲Tenebrio molitor、吉丁虫Buprestidaesp和大麦虫Zophobas morio,结果表明,黄粉甲幼虫、蛹和成虫均能繁育出花绒寄甲成虫,平均羽化率能达到20%以上,是较好的替代寄主。用黄粉甲繁育的花绒寄甲成虫存活情况良好,且能正常产卵;用吉丁虫幼虫繁育的花绒寄甲幼虫自相残杀的现象很严重,平均羽化率仅为7.8%;用大麦虫幼虫无法繁育出花绒寄甲成虫。     

棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的饲养及生物学特性

对棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂室内饲养及相关生物学特性的研究结果表明：可用斜纹夜蛾幼虫作为该蜂室内人工繁殖的最适宜寄主。当该蜂寄生不同日龄的斜纹夜蛾幼虫时,其发育历期无显著差异;寄生率随寄主日龄的增加而降低;茧重随日龄的增加而增重;成虫羽化率无明显差异;获茧率以4日龄寄主最高,为55．3％;以3～5日龄寄主幼虫繁育的成蜂寿命最长。齿唇姬蜂在26℃下的平均产卵量为92．7粒,成蜂绝大部分在光照期羽化。在4～26℃范围内,温度愈低,成蜂寿命愈长。     

中华甲虫蒲螨人工繁育替代寄主的筛选

选用黄粉甲初蛹、松褐天牛4龄幼虫、大麦虫初蛹等为替代寄主,在实验室对中华甲虫蒲螨进行人工繁育试验,结果表明:在温度为25±2℃、湿度为75％±10％条件下,中华甲虫蒲螨对黄粉甲初蛹和松褐天牛幼虫的选择性以及形成的膨腹体数量等无显著差异,但均显著高于替代寄主大麦虫初蛹；在寄生率与发育历期上3种替代寄主间无显著差异(P＜0...     

低温冷藏对卷蛾分索赤眼蜂繁群品质的影响

从冷藏赤眼蜂的羽化率、雌蜂寄生卵量、雌蜂的寿命以及实验种群趋势指数四方面，用生命表技术系统地评价了低温冷藏对卷蛾分索赤眼蜂繁群品质的影响．种群趋势指数的引入，更为全面和客观地表达了低温对赤眼蜂繁群品质的影响．综合各虫态的赤眼蜂对低温的反应，卷蛾分索赤眼蜂对低温比较敏感，特别是处于卵期和蛹期的赤眼蜂对低温的反应更为敏感，其羽化率、寄生能力及寿命都受到明显削弱，冷藏3d后其种群趋势指数值就降至1以下，而老熟幼虫期的赤眼蜂所受影响相对较小，是进行短期(6～9d)冷藏的适用虫态．     

桔小实蝇及其寄生性天敌——前裂长管茧蜂饲养方法

系统介绍了桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)室内饲养的设备、步骤、技术要点、人工饲料配方及环境要求,并以桔小实蝇为寄主,实现了桔小实蝇幼虫-蛹期寄生性天敌前裂长管茧蜂Diachasmimorpha longicaudata(Ashmead)的室内大量繁殖,为进一步利用该蜂防治桔小实蝇打下了良好的基础。