红脉穗螟天敌—扁股小蜂发育起点温度和有效积温

在实验室内以17,20,23,26,29和32℃6个恒温对红脉穗螟天敌——扁股小蜂Elasmussp.各虫态发育起点温度和有效积温进行了测定。结果表明,扁股小蜂的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短;卵、幼虫、蛹和卵-蛹全过程的发育起点温度分别为(12.031±0.659),(11.295±0.302),(10.016±0.811)和(10.976±0.720)℃;有效积温分别为(12.988±0.634),(63.084±1.346),(121.387±6.128)和(191.966±9.637)日.度。     

海南省槟榔红脉穗螟危害现状及天敌资源调查

采用踏查和详查相结合的方法,系统调查了海南省槟榔Areca catechu园内红脉穗螟Tirathaba rufivena Walker的危害情况及天敌资源种类。结果表明:红脉穗螟在树龄小于19a的中低龄槟榔植株上危害相对较重,槟榔受害率在30%以上;树龄20a以上的槟榔受害率低于25%。每年的7—9月为红脉穗螟危害高峰期,单株虫口数最高可达416.75头(树龄10~19a),对槟榔各部位的取食偏爱顺序依次为花苞、果实、心叶、茎干。天敌资源调查结果表明,海南省红脉穗螟天敌有15种,包括寄生蜂3种,即扁股小蜂Elasmus sp.、大腿小蜂Brachymeria sp.和具瘤爱姬蜂Exeristes roborator(Fabricius),混合寄生率在8%~32%;捕食性天敌10种,主要有黄猄蚁Oecophylla smaragdina(Fabricius)、垫跗螋Chelisoches morio(Fabricius)、中华螳螂Paratenodera sinensis(Saussure)、四斑月瓢虫Chilomenes quadriplagiata(Swartz)和六斑月瓢虫C.sexmaculata(Fabricius);病原菌2种,其中绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae致病力较强。     

槟榔红脉穗螟的研究进展与防治对策

简要综述了红脉穗螟寄主及分布、生物学特性、成灾原因、及防治技术等方面的研究进展,提出要进一步加强林业有害生物监测、研究,以期为该虫的生态控制提供参考.     

红蜡蚧扁角跳小蜂产卵刺激素研究进展

文章简要介绍了红蜡蚧扁角跳小蜂的产卵行为、对不同寄主的产卵反应及其产卵刺激素的提取纯化和化学组成的研究概况，为进一步研究利用红蜡蚧扁角跳小蜂控制红蜡蚧的有效途径提供借鉴。     

我省外引松主要梢果害虫寄生蜂的调查观察

调查结果表明:我省外引松主要梢果害虫的微红梢斑螟、松实小卷蛾、油松球果小卷蛾的寄生蜂共有26种。其中寄生于微红梢斑螟的16种、松实小卷蛾的10种、油松球果小卷蛾的2种、在为害枝梢的微红梢斑螟、松实小卷蛾上的寄生率达13.2%,在为害球果的微红梢斑螟上寄生的主要是广大腿小蜂,平均寄生率达15.7%。经鉴定的寄生蜂12种,隶属于茧蜂、姬蜂、小蜂、广肩小蜂、扁股小蜂、肿腿蜂6个科。并分别对6个科的寄生蜂的分布和主要特征以及生物学特性作了阐述。     

海南省槟榔红脉穗螟危害情况调查

红脉穗螟Tirathaba rufivena Walker是槟榔花果期的主要害虫,对槟榔产量影响较大。对海南主要槟榔产区红脉穗螟危害情况的调查结果表明:槟榔平均单株受害率16.89%,在坡地的危害程度要大于平地和水田地;三亚、保亭和陵水地区的危害程度要大于北部的琼海、万宁和屯昌地区。     

红蜡蚧寄生蜂种类订正研究(膜翅目:小蜂总科)

我国红蜡蚧的寄生蜂共记载有30种，文章根据各种蜂的生物学习性，对这些寄生蜂进行了订正研究，确定其中19种为红蜡蚧的初寄生蜂，其中跳小蜂科Encyrtidae 10种：红蜡蚧扁角跳小蜂Anicetus beneficus Ishii et Yasumatsu、霍氏扁角跳小蜂A.howardi Hayat,Alam et Agarwal、红帽蜡蚧扁角跳小蜂A.ohgushii Tachikawa、食红扁角跳小蜂A.rubensi Xu et He、寡毛扁角跳小蜂A.rarisetus Xu et He、柯氏花翅跳小蜂Microterys clauseni Compere、聂特花翅跳小蜂M.nietneri (Motschulsky）、红黄花翅跳小蜂M.rufofulvus Ishii、美丽花翅跳小蜂M.speciosus Ishii、匀色花翅跳小蜂M.unicoloris Xu；蚜小蜂科Aphelinidae 7种：斑翅食蚧蚜小蜂Coccophagus ceroplastae (Howard）、夏威夷食蚧蚜小蜂C.hawaiiensis Timberlake、赛黄盾食蚧蚜小蜂C.ishiii Compere、日本食蚧蚜小蜂C.japonicus Compere、赖食蚧蚜小蜂C.lycimnia (Walker）、黑色食蚧蚜小蜂C.yashidae Nakayama、蜡蚧斑翅蚜小蜂Aneristus ceroplastae Howard;金小蜂科Pteromalidae 1种：盔蚧短腹金小蜂Anysis saissetiae (Ashmead）；姬小蜂科Eulophidae 1种：蜡蚧啮小蜂Tetrastichus ceroplastae (Girault)。5种为红蜡蚧的重寄生蜂：粉蚧克氏跳小蜂Clausenia purpurea Ishii、敛眼优赛跳小蜂Eusemion comigerum (Walker）、褐软蚧尖角跳小蜂Pareusemion studiosum Ishii、微食皂马跳小蜂Zaomma lambinus(Walker)、日本方梗跳小蜂Cerapteroceroides japonicus Ashmead,其他6种为误订。另外，还记述了各种寄生蜂的寄主及分布，以便参考。     

板栗白生盘蚧生物学特性及生物防治技术研究

2003～2006 年在弥勒县新哨镇板栗园,对板栗害虫白生盘蚧的生物学特性、生命表、种群动态进行了研究.提出以白生盘蚧的天敌蜡蚧扁角跳小蜂、软蚧扁角跳小蜂为主的生物防治,并辅以科学的营林技术和低渡度化学防治即可以取得最佳防治效果.     

白蛾周氏啮小蜂工厂化生产及应用进展

白蛾周氏啮小蜂Chouioia cunea是美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea的优势天敌。20世纪80年代初,我国开始对白蛾周氏啮小蜂的人工繁育技术进行系统研究,成功研发出以柞蚕Antheraea pernyi蛹为中间寄主的工厂化生产技术。笔者介绍白蛾周氏啮小蜂工厂化生产及林间应用涉及的生产设备、生产工艺、释放技术及应用现状,提出研究天敌复合体、测试常用农药对白蛾周氏啮小蜂安全性和优化林间释放技术等建议,以期最大限度地优化白蛾周氏啮小蜂生产工艺,为提高繁育效率和防治效果提供理论支撑。     

陕西森林害虫的寄生蜂——小蜂记述之二

小蜂的种类繁多,数量巨大,分布广泛,寄主极多,对害虫的抑制作用显著,在国内外成功的生防事例中也占居首位。最近几年,我们对其进行了一些调查研究,取得了初步进展。除报道的5种外,我们又调查、采集到近200种小蜂,暂选出比较重要和常见的10多种记述如下:本文中的长索跳小蜂、小蠢灿小蜂、扁股小蜂、粉蚧花翅跳小蜂和云斑天牛卵跳小     

几种主要防护林树种对棉田害虫天敌越冬诱集保护作用的研究

棉田防护林是棉花害虫天敌的重要源库之一。通过调查阿拉尔地区棉田防护林,发现防护林对棉花害虫天敌越冬有一定的诱集保护作用,且不同的树种诱集保护天敌的数量不同,10年生以上的树木诱集效果最好。防护林上诱集保护的主要棉花害虫天敌有:蜘蛛、菱斑巧瓢虫、十一星瓢虫、孪斑唇瓢虫、草蛉、黑食蚜盲蝽、华姬蝽、小花蝽等。根据棉花害虫天敌越冬对树种具有一定选择性,提出本地区单一树种防护林的改造设计方案。     

热胁迫对希蒙得木幼苗光合特性的影响

3种处理温度(CK、T1、T2),全天平均温度分别为31℃、38℃和46℃,最高温度分别为35℃、44℃和54℃。T1处理希蒙得木的Pn日变化曲线呈双峰型,峰值分别出现在10:00和16:00,表现出光合"午休"现象;T2处理的Pn日变化从8:00到10:00持续下降,10:00时Pn为-1.87μmol CO2.m-2.s-1,从10:00到18:00,Pn基本没有变化。不同温度处理希蒙得木叶片的最大净光合速率(Pn)差异显著,CK处理的Pn是T2处理的2.26倍,T1处理的Pn是T2处理的1.41倍;随着胁迫强度的增加,希蒙得木的Tr不断下降,CK处理下希蒙得木日平均Tr为T2的3.66倍,表明希蒙得木是一种比较耐热的植物。希蒙得木LSP和LCP降低,是其适应高温逆境的一种重要形式。3种温度处理下希蒙得木光能利用效率(SUE)表现为CK和T1处理的SUE在10:00最高;T2处理的以8:00最高,其余均为负值。从全天来看,CK、T1、T2处理的SUE平均为7.06%、5.13%、0.41%。     

Developmental factors responsible for heterosis in aspen hybrids (Populus tremuloides x P. tremula

Juvenile growth and bud set phenology were analyzed to study the biological basis of heterosis (hybrid vigor) in interspecific hybrids of Populus tremuloides Michx. (T) and P. tremula L. (Ta). Growth, measured as seedling volume index, was significantly higher for each of the two reciprocal interspecific crosses, T x Ta and Ta x T, than for the T x T intraspecific cross. Broad-sense heritabilities were 2-6 times larger than narrow-sense heritabilities for growth and shoot components in the T x T intraspecific cross, suggesting an important role for dominance or overdominance in aspen growth. Previous genetic analyses have indicated that hybrid vigor may be the result of overdominance at several key loci each with an allele inherited from each of parental species. Internode length and leaf number contributed substantially to the heterosis of stem volume, but their effects on heterosis differed between the T x Ta and Ta x T hybrids. In T x Ta seedlings, heterosis of stem volume was attributed to a high diameter growth rate, whereas in Ta x T seedlings heterosis of stem volume was probably the result of delayed bud set resulting in a longer duration of height growth. In addition to internode number and length and leaf number, other morphological or physiological components might affect heterosis, for example, extended leaf retention.     

白蜡吉丁啮小蜂蛹期发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

白蜡吉丁啮小蜂是蛀干害虫白蜡窄吉丁的重要寄生性天敌,寄生于寄主幼虫的体内,为人工聚殖和应用于生物防治,在7个温度梯度下观测了白蜡吉丁啮小蜂蛹的发育速率,并应用“最小二乘法”测得该小蜂蛹期的发育起点温度为（16．823±1．381）℃,有效积温为（78．851±0．442）日度。     

欧亚旋覆花提取物对朱砂叶螨生物活性及其体内几种酶活性的影响

植食性害螨是危害农业生产的一个重要生物类群,我国每年用于主要作物的杀螨剂费用约90多亿元(师光禄等,1994)。朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)是其中一个重要的种类,可危害粮、棉、油、林木、果树等43科146种植物(李连昌等,     

Morphological evidences for onion-induced growth inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes

The antifungal activity of onion (Allium cepa L.) on two important dermatophytes, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, with special reference to morphological aspects was studied. Growth of both fungi was found to be strongly inhibited by aqueous onion extract (AOE) as a dose-dependent manner. The extract showed fungicidal effect for both fungi at concentrations >3.12% (v/v). The fungus T. mentagrophytes was more affected by the onion as compared to T. rubrum at all concentrations used. Morphological effects of onion exposure were examined in correlation with fungal growth. Corresponding to the growth inhibition, light and electron microscopy observations revealed morphological anomalies in hyphal compartments. The results demonstrated that AOE targets the cell membrane of the fungi as breaking down of both inner and outer membranes with consequent extrution of materials into the surrounding medium. Cytoplasmic membranes and other membranous structures of organelles, such as nuclei and mitochondria, were also disrupted. In correlation to the fungal growth, morphological alterations occurred to a less content for T. rubrum compared with T. mentagrophytes. The hyphae of T. rubrum were found to be mainly affected by converting to resistant forms, i.e., chlamidospores as a consequence of phenotype switching response to AOE. Plasmolysis accompanied by an almost complete depletion and disorganization of cytoplasmic structures were found to be the final event which led to cell death. Ultrastructural evidences obtained from this study strongly support that morphological changes of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes caused by AOE are associated with its fungistatic and fungicidal activities. With respect to the morphological results and the preliminary data on fungal biochemistry, a mechanism of action by interacting of AOE with thiol (-SH) groups present in essential compartments of the fungal cells was postulated.     

永安市桉树引种决策模型及其应用研究

针对桉树易受冻害特点,提出运用极值理论中的第Ⅰ型分布作为桉树引种决策模型,并通过应用永安市1971~2005年共35 a的气象观测资料,建立了永安市年极端最低气温的概率分布模型,研究结果表明,永安市年极端最低气温是服从Fisher-Tippett第I型极值分布,根据该极值分布可计算T a(T=5,6,7,8,9,10)内可能出现的极端最低气温,从而为该地区桉树引种、区划以及防止冻害等方面提供参考。     

芦苇－麻屑刨花板的研制Ⅰ．制板工艺初探

为适应农村种植结构的变化，选择芦苇和麻屑为原料，就原料特性对混合比例、各种改性剂及用量，热压条件等关键技术因子进行了研究，并确定了较佳制板工艺与实施方案。试验结果表明，当芦苇的混合量为３０％时，刨花板的静曲强度与厚度膨胀率能达到国标对一级品的要求，但内结合强度低于国标要求。为消除芦苇表层胶合性能不良，增加芦苇的混合比例，提高芦苇－麻屑刨花板的性能，将从胶粘剂改性，芦苇表面处理两个方面作进一步研究。     

Overexpression of the ThTPS gene enhanced salt and osmotic stress tolerance in Tamarix hispida

Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide with high stability and strong water absorption properties that can improve the resistance of organisms to various abi-otic stresses.Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) plays important roles in trehalose metabolism and signaling.In this study,the full-length cDNA of ThTPS was cloned from Tamarix hispida Willd.A phylogenetic tree includ-ing ThTPS and 11 AtTPS genes from Arabidopsis indicated that the ThTPS protein had a close evolutionary relationship with AtTPS7.However,the function of AtTPS7 has not been determined.To analyze the abiotic stress tolerance function of ThTPS,the expression of ThTPS in T.hispida under salt and drought stress and JA,ABA and GA3 hormone stimu-lation was monitored by qRT-PCR.The results show that ThTPS expression was clearly induced by all five of these treatments at one or more times,and salt stress caused par-ticularly strong induction of ThTPS in the roots of T.hispida.The ThTPS gene was transiently overexpressed in T.his-pida.Both physiological indexes and staining results showed that ThTPS gene overexpression increased salt and osmotic stress tolerance in T.hispida.Overall,the ThTPS gene can respond to abiotic stresses such as salt and drought,and its overexpression can significantly improve salt and osmotic tolerance.These findings establish a foundation to better understand the responses of TPS genes to abiotic stress in plants.