土壤中联苯菊酯样品不同制备方法比较研究

[目的]研究土壤中联苯菊酯样品索氏提取法与震荡提取法之间的差异。[方法]在白蚁预防施工过程中,随机抽取8个样品。分别用索氏提取法和震荡提取法进行样品的提取,再用气相色谱检测。[结果]试验提供8个样品进行对比试验,其中6个样品经索氏提取后检测浓度明显高于震荡提取后检测浓度,只有2个样品前者浓度低于后者。[结论]索氏提取法可以用于土壤中联苯菊酯样品的提取。     

联苯菊酯10%水乳剂的配方研究

本研究通过正交优化得到联苯菊酯10%水乳剂的最佳配方：联苯菊酯原药10%,二甲苯20%,农乳602#3.5%,Tween-20 2.5%,农乳500#2%,乙二醇4%,有机硅消泡剂0.2%,去离子水补足至100%。最佳生产工艺为：使用高速剪切机,剪切转速6 000r/min,剪切时间4min。该水乳剂pH值5.7～6.5,稀释100倍于（30±2）℃恒温水浴24h未出现浮油、沉油、沉淀,经（54±2）℃热贮14d,分解率〈2%,制剂表面张力低,倾倒性佳。     

紫色土中联苯菊酯残留对土著微生物的影响

为了阐明紫色土农药残留的生态环境效应特征及土壤微生物响应机理,以三峡库区具代表性的紫色土为材料,通过玉米盆栽模拟试验和平板计数法,研究了残留态联苯菊酯对紫色土土著微生物数量的影响。结果表明,低浓度联苯菊酯对土著细菌和放线菌有显著的促生效应,依联苯菊酯浓度从低到高,土壤细菌和放线菌数量随时间逐次出现最高峰值：第6天,LB-L处理下的细菌和放线菌数分别达9.02×106 个/g和2.77×106 个/g,约为相应对照的9倍和3倍;第11天,LB-M的细菌数约为对照的77倍,达到5.19×107 个/g;第16天时,LB-H的细菌数为1.71×107 个/g,LB-M和LB-H处理下的放线菌数分别为4.04×106 个/g、4.35×106 个/g。其次,联苯菊酯残留对土著真菌有显著且迅速的抑制作用,即使在2.50 mg/kg残留水平下,真菌数量也会在施加联苯菊酯后第2天发生显著降低。再次,紫色土中3种土著微生物类群对残留态联苯菊酯均表现出一定的生态适应性,但表现有所不同：土著细菌的生态响应存在阈值,土著放线菌表现为较长时期内稳定的促生效应,土著真菌则表现为可恢复的抑制效应。试验表明,土壤微生物数量等生物因素可作为联苯菊酯对紫色土根际微生态影响的重要评价指标。     

Argentine ant control around homes: efficacy of treatments and urban runoff

ABSTRACT

Pest management professionals in California receive more customer complaints about Argentine ants than for any other urban ant pest. Fipronil, applied as a 30 × 30 cm band around the house foundation, has become the preferred treatment used to control these ants. Unfortunately, fipronil is now showing up in urban waterways at levels that are toxic to aquatic invertebrates. Our recent studies are aimed at mitigating insecticide runoff while still controlling the ant infestations. A high priority is preventing fipronil runoff from the driveway to the street, where it can flow into drains and from there to urban waterways. In this paper, two related studies address these issues. Not treating driveways with fipronil reduced by two to three orders of magnitude its runoff when compared with earlier studies. However, not treating the driveway can reduce efficacy of treatments. Granular bifenthrin, indoxacarb, botanicals, and a thiamethoxam ant bait were tested as supplemental treatments. The gel bait showed the best result as a supplement, but only after 8 weeks. We have reduced fipronil runoff while maintaining efficacy of the ant treatments.     

1%噻虫嗪·联苯菊酯颗粒剂的配方筛选及药效研究

采用旋转包衣法研制出1%噻虫嗪·联苯菊酯颗粒剂。采用优选组合法对多种助剂进行筛选,确定最优配方为:噻虫嗪0.5%、联苯菊酯0.5%;木质素磺酸钠0.1%;着色剂0.1%;白炭黑0.8%;JPPC-02 1.4%;凯松0.004%;黄原胶0.002%;硅酸铝镁0.006%;水0.79%;河砂补至100%。田间药效试验表明,该颗粒剂对黄曲条跳甲有较好的防治效果,在450和600g/hm~2有效成分的用量下,药后15d对成虫和幼虫的防治效果均在80%以上,显示出较强的应用前景和开发价值。     

Mutations in the sodium channel associated with pyrethroid resistance in the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum

BACKGROUND: Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood is an important pest of protected crops in temperate regions of the world. Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides is long established in this species, but the molecular basis of the mechanism(s) responsible has not previously been disclosed. RESULTS: Mortality rates of three European strains of T. vaporariorum to the pyrethroid bifenthrin were calculated, and each possessed significant resistance (up to 662‐fold) when compared with a susceptible reference strain. Direct sequencing revealed three amino acid substitutions in the para‐type voltage‐gated sodium channel (the pyrethroid and DDT target site) of bifenthrin‐resistant T. vaporariorum at positions previously implicated with pyrethroid or DDT resistance (M918L, L925I and T929I) in other related species. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that resistance to bifenthrin in T. vaporariorum is associated with target‐site insensitivity, and that the specific mutations in the sodium channel causing resistance may differ between localities. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

气相色谱法检测宁夏枸杞中联苯菊酯残留量

以宁夏中宁枸杞为研究对象,建立了检测枸杞中联苯菊酯残留量的毛细管气相色谱法.试样用乙腈提取,过CARB/NH2固相萃取柱,经丙酮/二氯甲烷净化洗脱,再过Florisil柱,经正己烷/二氯甲烷淋洗除杂,乙酸乙酯洗脱,正己烷定容,采用DB-1701毛细管色谱柱分离,GC-ECD进行分析.结果表明,中宁枸杞中联苯菊酯含量为0.002 2 μg/g,RSD为3.55％,样品加标回收率为92.47％,RSD为1.70％.该方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,符合农药残留分析要求,研究结果为枸杞质量控制提供了一定的参考价值.     

Resistance to bifenthrin and resistance mechanisms of different strains of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) from Turkey

Nine different strains of the two-spotted spider miteTetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) were collected on cotton from Adana, Antalya, Izmir, Manisa and Urfa in Turkey. Their responses to bifenthrin were investigated using conventional bioassay and biochemical assays. LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of bifenthrin were determined for all strains by using a residual bioassay with a petri dish-spray tower. Resistance ratios were determined by comparing the samples with a standard susceptible strain, GSS. The resistance ratios of the strains ranged from <1 to 669-fold (at LC₅₀). Of the investigated field strains, only three (two from Adana and one from Urfa) were resistant to bifenthrin. There was a correlation between esterase enzyme activity and bifenthrin resistance according to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and microtiter plate assays in the three resistant strains. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 17, 2005.     

毛细管气相色谱法同时测定苹果 梨中氯氰菊酯联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯的残留量

利用乙腈提取、氧化铝和弗罗里硅土填料净化的前处理方法,研究了采用毛细管气相色谱同时测定苹果、梨中氯氰菊酯、联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯残留量的方法。结果表明,用20mL10%丙酮/石油醚作为淋洗液,0.5mg·L-1水平时苹果、梨在两种填料的回收率都在90%—120%之间;在0.05mg·L-1水平时,苹果、梨在弗罗里硅土柱上,3种菊酯都达到了90%—110%的满意结果;而在氧化铝柱上,只有联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯达到90%—110%的结果,氯氰菊酯只达到64.8%和61.5%的结果。综合考虑,利用弗罗里硅土柱对这3种菊酯的净化效果较好,高低浓度均符合农药残留分析的要求。     

联苯菊酯降解菌的筛选、鉴定及降解特性研究

联苯菊酯是一种广谱高效杀虫剂,大规模的应用使其广泛残留在环境中,因此筛选联苯菊酯的高效降解菌具有重要意义。从扬州农药厂附近的地表土壤取样,利用富集驯化培养分离得到一株编号为S8的降解细菌,经表形特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析其为醋酸钙不动杆菌（Acinetobacter calcoaceticus）,该菌株在pH7.0和30 ℃的条件下,对100 mg·L-1联苯菊酯的3 d降解率达56.4%,半衰期为60.7 h。其最适生长条件为：pH6.0~8.0,温度30~35 ℃,接种量5%。研究结果可为今后治理联苯菊酯残留污染提供理论参考。