利用荧光观测明确载球孢白僵菌松毛虫赤眼蜂对亚洲玉米螟的防控增效作用

载球孢白僵菌松毛虫赤眼蜂能够显著提高对亚洲玉米螟的防控效果，为了明确其对亚洲玉米螟卵期及幼虫期可持续防控的作用机理，采用松毛虫赤眼蜂吸附绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）标记的球孢白僵菌分生孢子，进行赤眼蜂载菌情况，以及亚洲玉米螟卵和幼虫的寄生、侵染过程观察。结果表明，赤眼蜂羽化后能够吸附柞蚕卵表面粘附的白僵菌分生孢子，并将其携带至亚洲玉米螟卵块表面，并吸附于未被赤眼蜂寄生的亚洲玉米螟卵孵化的幼虫体表，实现侵染并致死，幼虫带菌率达60.00%，网室内杀虫生物测定僵虫率达27.00%。本研究表明，载菌赤眼蜂在提高杀虫效率的同时实现害虫可持续防控，该方法为其他载菌天敌的应用提供了依据。     

徐淮山羊PPAR基因克隆及其表达产物亚细胞定位的研究

研究旨在克隆徐淮山羊过氧化物酶体激活增殖受体(PPAR)基因的cDNA,并通过EGFP融合蛋白对该基因产物亚细胞水平定位。采用RT-PCR方法克隆徐淮山羊脂肪组织PPAR基因cDNA,并构建含有增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)报告基因的融合表达载体pEGFP-C1-PPAR,聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)介导基因转染NIH-3T3细胞,48h后荧光倒置显微镜下观察基因表达产物的分布,RT-PCR检测mRNA在体外水平的表达。结果表明:首次成功克隆出徐淮山羊PPAR基因的全序列cDNA,大小为1428bp,GenBank登录号为GU082382;构建了融合表达载体pEGFP-C1-PPAR;RT-PCR检测mRNA表达明显;EGFP-PPAR融合蛋白定位在NIT-3T3细胞质中。体外克隆的徐淮山羊PPAR基因cDNA,在单细胞水平上可表达于细胞质中,结果为进一步研究PPAR的生物学功能奠定基础。     

GFP与水稻条纹病毒病害特异蛋白的融合基因在sf9昆虫细胞中的表达

 用重叠延伸PCR(overlap Polymerase Chain Reaction,overlap-PCR)方法获得了含有绿色荧光蛋白(Green fluorescence protein,GFP)和水稻条纹病毒(Rice stripe virus,RSV)病害特异性蛋白SP(Disease-specific protein)两者的融合基因(GFP-SP),并将其克隆至载体pMD18-T,得到的重组质粒pMD18-T-GFP-SP经Xba Ⅰ/Hind Ⅲ双酶切后与经相同方法处理过的杆状病毒转移载体pFastBacHTb相连接构建成重组转移质粒pFastBacHTb-GFP-SP。酶切和测序鉴定证明了其序列的正确性并且无移码现象发生。将此质粒转化入含穿梭载体Bacmid的感受态细胞DH10Bac,得到含有目的基因片段的重组杆状病毒穿梭质粒rb-GFP-SP。以之转染草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda,sf9)细胞,24~48h后在显微镜200倍可见光视野下观察到被感染细胞发生了细胞和细胞核变大、细胞内颗粒物增多、细胞脱落甚至裂解等一系列与正常的st9昆虫细胞形态有明显区别的变化。荧光显微镜下可见部分细胞发出清晰的绿色荧光,且大部分荧光集中在细胞质部分。这些结果表明,GFP-SP融合蛋白在st9昆虫细胞内成功表达。     

GFP叶绿体转化烟草茎叶降解对土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响

以GFP叶绿体转基因烟草及对照烟草(非转基因烟草)为材料,在实验室条件下研究了叶绿体转基因烟草及对照烟草(非转基因烟草)在茎叶降解过程中及完全降解后对土壤微生物主要类群(细菌、真菌、放线菌)的影响,并对相关的土壤酶活性进行了分析.结果表明,在烟草茎叶降解过程中及完全降解后:(1)叶绿体转基因烟草及对照烟草(非转基因烟草)对微生物的数量影响不显著;(2)土壤微生物总量相比为细菌>放线菌>真菌;(3)叶绿体转基因烟草茎叶降解对土壤酶活性没有显著影响;(4)GFP基因没有水平转移到土壤微生物基因组中.以上结果显示GFP叶绿体转化烟草茎叶降解对土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性没有显著的影响.     

Bacterial host interaction of GFP‐labelled Vibrio anguillarum HI‐610 with gnotobiotic sea bass,Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), larvae

The location and cell damage caused by Vibrio anguillarum, the causative agent of classical vibriosis, within the developing gut of the newly hatched sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), is unknown. A gnotobiotic sea bass model was used to investigate the early interactions of V. anguillarum with sea bass larvae. In the present study, germ‐free sea bass larvae were orally exposed to a V. anguillarum HI‐610 pathogen labelled with the green fluorescent protein (GFP‐HI‐610) and sampled at regular intervals. Pathogenic colonization of gut enterocytes was observed 2 h post‐exposure (p.e.) and onwards, whereas bacteria within the swim bladder were visualized 48 h p.e and onwards. Ultrastructural findings demonstrated direct bacterial contact with the host cell in the oesophageal mucosa and putative attachment to microvilli of mid‐ and hindgut enterocytes. The present findings form a starting point for studies assessing the impact of potential candidates (probiotics, prebiotics, antimicrobial peptides) to mitigate bacterial virulence.     

广谱拮抗菌B96-II的分子鉴定及GFP标记

用PCR方法扩增的广谱拮抗菌B96-II的16S rDNA经序列测定和BLAST同源序列比较,结合传统的形态观察、生理生化特征鉴定,确定了B96-II分类地位为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).将含有绿色荧光蛋白基因和氯霉素抗性基因标记的大肠杆菌一枯草芽孢杆菌穿梭表达载体(pNW33N-gfp-B96-II-N)通过原生质体法转化B96-II,获得表达GFP的4株标记菌株,在荧光显微镜下发出明亮的绿色荧光.室内平板抑菌试验结果表明,GFP标记对B96-II的广谱抑菌活性没有影响.     

Quantitative resistance to symptomless growth of Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) in Brassica napus (oilseed rape)

Quantitative resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus was investigated in field and controlled environments using cultivars Darmor (with quantitative resistance) and Eurol (without quantitative resistance). In field experiments, numbers of phoma leaf spot lesions in autumn/winter and severity of stem canker the following summer were assessed in three growing seasons. There were no differences between Darmor and Eurol in number of leaf lesions in autumn/winter. However, stem cankers were less severe on Darmor than Eurol at harvest the following summer. In controlled-environment experiments, development of leaf lesions at different temperatures (5–25°C) and wetness durations (12–72 h) was investigated using ascospore inoculum; symptomless growth of L. maculans along leaf petioles towards the stem was quantified using quantitative PCR and visualized using GFP-expressing L. maculans ; growth of L. maculans within stem tissues was investigated using GFP-expressing L. maculans . There were more leaf lesions on Darmor than Eurol, although there was no difference between Darmor and Eurol in L. maculans incubation period. There were no differences between Darmor and Eurol in either distance grown by L. maculans along leaf petioles towards the stem or quantity of L. maculans DNA in leaf petioles, but L. maculans colonized stem tissues less extensively on Darmor than Eurol. It was concluded that quantitative resistance to L. maculans operates during colonization of B. napus stems by the pathogen.     

利用绿色荧光蛋白GFP研究稻瘟病菌与水稻的互作

稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae严重威胁水稻的产量与质量,明确稻瘟病菌与水稻互作过程及机理,对防治稻瘟病具有重要意义。本研究利用稻瘟病菌常用致病菌株GUY11和ZB25,构建了绿色荧光蛋白GFP的过量表达菌株,并通过荧光显微观察菌株侵染寄主水稻过程中侵染结构的形成与发育,包括孢子萌发、附着胞形成、侵染钉形成、侵染菌丝增殖、坏死斑形成及产孢。另外,通过比较过量表达菌株对稻瘟病高抗水稻和易感水稻的侵染过程,发现侵染过程的差异主要集中于侵染钉的穿透和侵染菌丝的定殖。本研究为分析稻瘟病菌对寄主水稻的定殖规律提供了一种有效工具。     

半滑舌鳎vasa调控区的克隆、表达载体构建及其驱动活性检测

为研究半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)vasa(Csvasa)基因调控区的功能,在已克隆的Csvasa基因编码序列的基础上,采用基因组步移和PCR扩增的方法克隆得到Csvasa调控区,通过生物信息学方法分析vasa基因5′区,并构建了含Csvasa基因调控区的绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)表达载体(p Csvasa-GFP-T),进一步通过显微注射技术初步验证调控区的驱动活性。结果表明,通过基因组步移和PCR扩增获得Csvasa 5′区5 166 bp和3′区1 655 bp,利用在线生物信息学软件对5′区序列进行分析,发现在转录起始点上游26 bp处存在保守的TATA框,以及潜在的转录因子结合点如SRY、Oct-1、Sox-5、CREB、GATA、AP-1、C/EBP、Sp-1、c-Myc、HNF、NKX2-5、V-Myb等。通过显微注射技术,将所构建的p Csvasa-GFP-T表达载体注射于青鳉(Oryzias latipes)受精卵并进行培养观测,发现Csvasa调控区能够驱动GFP在青鳉胚胎内表达,荧光表达率为81%。将有荧光的胚胎培养为成鱼,检测外源基因的整合率为11.5%。这些结果为进一步研究半滑舌鳎原始生殖细胞(PGCs)的标记、追踪和操作研究以及半滑舌鳎的性别控制等奠定了基础。     

维管特异表达启动子BSP的克隆与活性检测

为了研究维管特异表达启动子BSP的活性和组织特异性,从杨树基因组中克隆得到维管特异表达启动子BSP,利用该启动子与绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）报告基因构建植物表达载体,采用基因枪法转化烟草叶片,并在高渗培养基上培养过夜,后转移到诱导培养基上(MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+Kan 100 mg/L)培养生根并长到一定高度后,剪下已形成维管组织的叶脉和根,制成切片,然后在OLYPUS BX51/BX52型荧光显微镜下用蓝光激发,观察各个组织细胞中的绿色荧光,同时以未转化的烟草材料做为对照。结果表明：BSP启动子所驱动的GFP基因在烟草的维管组织细胞中得到了高水平的表达,而在烟草的其他组织及对照的任何组织中几乎不表达。通过GFP在烟草维管组织中的瞬时表达,表明了该启动子具有维管组织特异性表达活性特点。