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1.
土壤温度对作物的生长发育具有很强的调控作用。在全球气候变化背景下,根区土壤温度对玉米生长的影响及其调控机制已成为当前研究的一个热点。结合目前农业生产中土壤低温和高温对玉米造成危害的现状,从土壤温度对作物根区土壤环境以及玉米根系生长、冠层发育与产量形成的影响方面,综述土壤温度对玉米生长发育调控作用的研究进展,介绍改变土壤温度的措施以及对玉米土壤温度研究的发展方向进行展望,为今后的研究提供参考。 相似文献
2.
草地植被冠层截留是草地生态系统对降水再分配的主要过程,属于草地生态系统蒸散发的组分之一。由于草地植被冠层截留常在草地生态系统水量平衡研究中被忽略而导致蒸散发组分的划分中存在误差。因此,讨论草地植被冠层截留对草地生态水文学的研究具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。本论文通过对目前草地植被冠层截留研究的现状和存在问题,从草地植被冠层截留的测定方法和主要的影响因素(环境因子和植被特征)2方面论述草地植被冠层截留的研究进展。分析发现,草地植被冠层截留的影响因素研究主要集中在降水特征、气象条件、放牧和植被特征等方面,各因素的综合影响研究仍然非常缺乏,测定方法的准确性有待评估。 相似文献
3.
在500m~1200m高海拔林场内进行“林下培菌”生产仿野生鸡腿菇的研究,结果证明,较之传统大棚或菇房设施化栽培,林下培菌生产仿野生鸡腿菇无需占用耕地,彻底解决了当地鸡腿菇栽培中的“菇粮争地”矛盾;可节省出菇棚等固定资产投资70%以上;另外生物学效率为149%,较之传统菇棚栽培提高40%左右;产出的菇品明显具有野生菇的口感和风味。另外,菌糠废料直接被林地树根就地分解利用,提高了林地土壤肥力,改善了林地土壤结构,提高了林地生产力,减少了人工处理菌糠废料的费用,同时,由于保湿的需要以及出菇管理人员的频繁出入林场操作和巡视,最大限度地降低了森林火险的发生概率。 相似文献
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6.
Salt distribution in response to optical stratification porosity and relative windspeed in a coastal forest in Niigata, Japan 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Wind velocity, vertical stand structure and seasalt distribution were measured at various heights inside a plantation of coastal pine forest, with thinning and unthinning, to assess whether any relationships exist between the wind profile, stand structure and seasalt distribution in the coastal pine forest. The vertical stand structure, i.e., optical stratification porosity (OSP), which is defined as vertical distribution of the proportion of sky hemisphere not obscured by tree elements inside a forest stand, was determined for each height by computer analysis of digital images taken with a hemispherical lens. The distribution of OSP in the coastal forest follows the Lambert-Beer's law with absorbency coefficient (). The relative windspeed within canopy can be described using the exponential form with the attenuation coefficient (). The sea-salt was collected using salt gauze (a surgical dressing of loosely woven cotton) both inside and outside the coastal forest, and the distribution of sea-salt within canopy was also in accordance with an exponential function. The relationships among windspeed, OSP and sea-salt indicate that the distributions of both sea-salt and windspeed within canopy were very closely correlated with the distribution of OSP. A linear relationship between OSP and sea-salt has been found. Additionally, linear regression between coefficients and has been obtained as well. Based on these relationships between OSP, wind and sea-salt in the coastal forest, the sea-salt distribution and wind profile within the canopy of the coastal forest can be predicted according to OSP. These results may therefore be useful in analyzing the effects of sea-salt on vegetation and evaluating the filter functions of coastal forests.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Tomo’omi Kumagai Koichiro Kuraji Hironori Noguchi Yuri Tanaka Katsunori Tanaka Masakazu Suzuki 《Journal of Forest Research》2001,6(4):257-264
Environmental factors, such as global solar radiation, wind speed, air temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration, were measured above and within the canopy of a tropical rainforest in Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak,
Malaysia. Few data concerning the environment of this forest have been reported. Intensive observations were carried out in
1998, 1999, and 2000 with the following results: (1) The fraction of global solar radiation reaching the upper layer of the
canopy varied with global solar radiation above the canopy. Even though the global solar radiation above the canopy fluctuated,
the fraction of that reaching the lower canopy and the ground was constantly approximately 5%. (2) The fraction of wind speed
reaching each layer of the canopy increased with wind speed above the canopy. Little wind was usually present at the lower
canopy. (3) The daytime air temperature at the canopy top was higher than that near the ground. The maximum difference between
the air temperature at the canopy top and that at the ground was about 5°C, and the diurnal temperature ranges at the canopy
top and those at the ground were about 8°C and about 5°C, respectively. The highest daytime water vapor pressure occurred
within the canopy and particularly near the ground. Vertical gradients of water vapor pressure during the day were steep,
probably because of high transpiration. (4) In the 1998 observation the minimum and the maximum CO2 concentrations were 360 ppm in the day and 450 ppm at night, while in the 2000 observation the minimum and the maximum CO2 concentrations were 350 ppm in the day and 540 ppm at night. The higher CO2 concentration in the daytime and the lower concentration at night observed during the 1998 observation period were probably
due to reduced photosynthesis and soil respiration caused by exceptional dry conditions during the observation period. 相似文献
8.
Amin Setyo Leksono Kenta Takada Nobukazu Nakagoshi Koji Nakamura 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(1):61-64
A continuous sampling of canopy beetles was carried out to determine variations in the abundance, species diversity, richness,
and composition of the Mordellidae and Cerambycidae in a coppice woodland. Changes in the abundance and the species richness
were monitored at three heights in the forest throughout the season in 1999, using yellow and blue water pan traps. The results
showed significant variations in the abundance of Mordellidae among the canopy layers, while little variation was found for
Cerambycidae. The abundance, species diversity, and richness were generally greater in summer. The results showed distinct
species compositions in both families among layers. 相似文献
9.
We examined patterns of variation in richness, diversity, and composition of understory vascular plant communities in mixedwood boreal forests of varying composition (broadleaf, mixedwood, conifer) in Alberta, Canada, before and for 2 years following variable-retention harvesting (clearcut, 20 and 75% dispersed green tree retention, control). Broadleaf-dominated forests differed from mixedwood or conifer-dominated forests in that they had greater canopy cover, litter depth, soil nitrogen, warmer soils, as well as greater shrub cover, herb and shrub richness and diversity (plot scale). In contrast, conifer, and to a lesser extent mixedwood, forest had greater β diversity than broadleaf forest. Overall, mixedwood and conifer forests were similar to one another, both differed from broadleaf forest. Several species were found to be significant indicators of broadleaf forest but most of these also occurred in the other forest types. Understory composition was related to canopy composition and edaphic conditions. Variable-retention harvesting had little effect on understory cover, richness, or diversity but resulted in reduced richness and β diversity at a larger scale. The clearcut and 20% treatments affected composition in all forest types. Early successional species and those common in disturbed sites were indicators of harvesting while evergreen, shade-tolerant understory herbs were indicators of the control forest and 75% retention harvest. We conclude that it is important to maintain a range of variation in canopy composition of mixedwood forests in order to conserve the associated understory communities. The presence of conifers in these forests has a particularly important influence on understory communities. The threshold for a lifeboat effect of variable-retention harvesting is between 20 and 75% retention. Examination of richness and β diversity at a variety of scales can provide interesting information on effects of harvesting on spatial reorganization and homogenization of understory plant communities. 相似文献
10.
Thomas?HolstEmail author Helmut?Mayer Dirk?Schindler 《European Journal of Forest Research》2004,123(1):13-28
Within the framework of an interdisciplinary project on the effects of climate and forest management on beech-dominated deciduous forests (Swabian Jura, south-western Germany), forest meteorological investigations are carried out to analyse the influences of exposure and canopy density on the microclimate within various beech stands (Fagus sylvatica L.). This second paper of the series Microclimate within beech stands focuses on the thermal conditions that exist mainly in the near-surface layer at different test plots. They were analysed by air temperature, Ta, (at 1.5 m a.g.l) and soil temperature, Ts, at six depths measured continuously in the period 1999–2003. The main results can be summarized as follows. (1) The thermal situation within the beech stands described by Ta depended primarily on the turbulent air-mass exchange conditions which were based on the slope-specific energy balance of the forest floor and advective heat fluxes. (2) The thermal situation within the soil described by Ts at 3 and 20 cm depth was governed by the molecular heat transport. Therefore, the heating and cooling rates of Ts were always lower than for Ta. Higher Ta and Ts values for the test plots on the SW slope showed that the thermal conditions within the beech stands depended primarily on the exposure. (3) Based on slope-specific differences of daily extremes of Ta and Ts at 3 cm depth between the silviculturally treated and control plots, the influence of the more pronounced height growth of the understorey vegetation under the near-surface thermal conditions could be clearly verified for the NE slope.Abbreviations PAR Photosynthetically active radiation - PAI Plant area index - LAI Leaf area index 相似文献