切纸圆刀专用磨床及配套夹具的研制

对造纸行业切纸用的各种小型圆刀结构及研磨设备进行系统研究,研制出专用磨床,并对其传动原理、基本结构、安装调试、配套夹具设计等进行了介绍。     

立式无筛饲料超微粉碎机的研发及质量检测分析

介绍了我国立式无筛饲料超微粉碎机的发展,简述立式无筛饲料超微粉碎机的组成、工作原理和优越性,分析质量检测及立式无筛饲料超微粉碎机技术的发展,展望制定行业标准的预期效果。     

利用可调参数式行星球磨机超微粉碎野生黑木耳的试验研究

采用自行研制的可调参数式行星球磨机对野生黑木耳进行了超微粉碎试验研究。对野生黑木耳进行精细加工,为开发出富含野生黑木耳超微粉的各种食品提供条件。试验采用5因素二次回归正交旋转组合试验设计的方法,建立了试验因素与试验指标间影响关系的数学模型,通过优化计算得到野生黑木耳超微粉碎的最佳工艺参数为:公转盘转速为574r/min,粉碎时间为4.2h,球料比为5,磨筒倾角为69o,填充率为23%,理论最佳颗粒粒径为3.9μm,实验值为4.12￣7.79,与理论最佳值基本一致,因此试验得出的数学模型可靠。同时进行了不同细度黑木耳粉的动物喂养实验,结果表明,黑木耳超微粉在净消化率、生物学价值、净利用率和功效比值方面均显著优于黑木耳粗粉和黑木耳细粉,对黑木耳进行超微粉碎具有实际意义。     

超微粉碎对桑叶粉理化性质的影响

为拓展超微粉碎技术在食品添加剂和药品开发中应用,以桑叶为原料,分别对桑叶粗粉进行干法超微粉碎2 、4、6、8 h,得到4种不同粒径大小的桑叶超微粉,并对桑叶粗粉与4种超微粉的理化性质进行比较。研究结果表明,超微粉碎能明显减小桑叶粗粉的颗粒粒径（P＜0.05）,随着超微粉碎时间的增加,超微粉的粒径减小,粉体的粒径分布范围变窄,比表面积和体积密度显著增加（P＜0.05）,休止角、滑角和膨胀性显著降低（P＜0.05）,水溶性/持水力、持油力、蛋白质的水溶性和多糖的水溶解性均有不同程度的增加,但多酚含量变化不显著（P＞0.05）。扫描电镜结果显示,粗粉经超微粉碎后,其颗粒呈零散的分布形态。说明超微粉碎可改善桑叶粉的部分理化性质,可将这些性质应用于食品添加剂和常规食品开发与加工中。所得研究结果将为超微粉碎技术在桑叶食品中工业化应用提供数据支持和理论依据。     

Effects of dietary additives (potassium diformate/organic acids) as well as influences of grinding intensity (coarse/fine) of diets for weaned piglets experimentally infected with Salmonella Derby or Escherichia coli

The aim of this study was to examine whether and to what extent the addition of potassium diformate (pdf) or free organic acids (fpa) to the diet and the grinding intensity might affect the course of infection and the passage of orally applied Salmonella and Escherichia coli in pigs. Experiments were carried out using 80 reared piglets allotted to four groups. Pigs were fed pelleted diets ad libitum (except during a 15 h feed‐withholding‐period before infection). The control diet contained finely ground cereals (2 mm screen). To two test diets (also finely ground) 1.2% pdf, 0.9% organic acids (75% formic and 25% propionic acid, fpa) respectively were added. The fourth diet (without acids) was based on coarsely ground cereals (6‐mm screen). After experimental infection alternately with S. Derby or E. coli, the course of infection was examined (rectal swab technique). Pigs were sacrificed 4–5 h after a further oral application of ～10⁹–10¹⁰ CFU S. Derby or E. coli to determine the counts of Salmonella or E. coli in chyme (classical culture methods). Adding pdf or fpa to the diet led to reduced Salmonella shedding and resulted in significantly lower counts of Salmonella and E. coli in the stomach content indicating an improved efficacy of the stomach barrier. In the distal parts of the digestive tract, the effect was less obvious concerning counts of E. coli, whereas counts of Salmonella were reduced markedly as well. The diet based on coarsely ground cereals failed to demonstrate positive effects concerning infection and passage of orally applied bacteria as well, but this diet was also pelleted and showed unintentionally, comparable amounts of fine particles. Results obtained in this study allow the recommendation of using pdf or organic acids as additives when dietary measures against Salmonella or E. coli in pigs are required.     

苹果液氮降温排氧打浆技术研究

为了抑制苹果制汁过程中的褐变，提高产品质量，该文首次采用自行设计的液氮降温排氧打浆机，对苹果打浆工艺进行了初步研究。具体研究了打浆时添加液氮后苹果浆温度、溶解氧含量、果浆颜色以及多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活力等的变化。结果表明：添加1%～2%液氮后，苹果浆温度迅速降低为原来温度的50%，氧气含量降低为对比组的47.7%；果浆色泽L值为53.96，较对比组的L值高44.1％；同时可减少维生素C损失，提高苹果出汁率。     

Investigation of the Effect of Mesh Size on the Effectiveness of Hotplate Aqua Regia Extractions

Aqua regia extractions with subsequent inductively coupled plasma determinations are a very common method of elemental analysis of soils and sediments. Before extraction, the material must be dried and sieved. Small variations in this early step can have a significant impact on the later outcomes, especially for unassisted (for example, without ultrasonic or microwave) extraction procedures. Therefore the impact of mesh size on the sieving process was investigated. A mesh size of 2.0 mm or greater yielded unacceptably high variations between the subsamples and a very poor recovery rate when compared to a 0.063-mm sieve. A mesh size of 0.3 mm resulted in the best outcomes, losing nearly no material in the fine sediment samples and about a tenth in the coarse samples. The precision was high for the 0.3-mm samples as well, only negligibly surpassed by the 0.1-mm samples for some materials.     

ZnO/Na 2 O(mol)对cBN陶瓷砂轮性能的影响

通过DSC -TG综合热分析、X衍射分析、线膨胀测试仪、扫描电镜等测试方法研究了ZnO/Na 2 O(mol)（ Z 值）对Li 2 O -K 2 O -SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 系陶瓷结合剂及立方氮化硼砂轮性能的影响，结果发现：ZnO能够抑制α -石英晶相析出，诱导析出低膨胀晶体Li 2 OAl 2 O 3 7.5SiO 2 ，并随着 Z 值的增加，α -石英减少，Li 2 OAl 2 O 3 7.5SiO 2 晶体逐渐增多， Li 2 OAl 2 O 3 7.5SiO 2 晶型结构趋于完整，晶粒尺寸减小，结构更加致密；当砂轮配方一定时，砂轮的体积密度、抗弯曲强度、洛氏硬度均随着 Z 值的增加而增大，气孔率减小，磨削（干磨）铸铁（QT400）时磨耗比先增加后减小；当 Z =0.75时，结合剂的膨胀系数为6.902 9×10 -6 K - 1 ，耐火度为805 ℃，砂轮的烧结温度为845 ℃，抗弯曲强度为73.97 MPa，气孔率为15.65%，磨耗比最大为156.42%.     

管道防腐补口现场表面预处理用磨料

环形焊口处覆盖层的性能与表面处理质量的优劣有直接关系。钢表面经过适当处理,可使覆盖层的机械性能和抗电化学腐蚀性能大大提高,并可延长管道的使用寿命。介绍了国内几种常用喷砂磨料的特性及适用范围,指出在施工中必须对喷砂磨料及其粒度加以选择,原则是使用最少的磨料清理最多的口数,并且一次除锈作业的持续时间要尽量长。对几种不同粒度石英砂的清理效果进行了现场试验。试验结果表明,使用粒径0.5 mm的石英砂能大幅度提高除锈生产率,且大大降低磨料的消耗量,适用于管道焊接现场防腐补口表面的预处理作业。     

玉米花粉破壁方法的试验研究 Ⅰ.超微粉碎破壁方法的研究

采用多因素分析和二次回归正交旋转试验设计的方法,建立了试验因素与试验指标间影响关系的数学模型。通过优化计算得到玉米花粉超微化破壁的最佳工艺参数为:转速476r/min,粉碎时间为1.2h,球料比为7,花粉含水量控制在5%以下。此时花粉颗粒径小于8μm,花粉破壁率达100%。