鸭源沙门菌的分离鉴定、耐药性及致病性分析

【目的】为防控鸭源沙门菌感染,本试验针对四川德阳地区鸭源沙门菌的感染情况开展研究。【方法】从该地区3个种鸭场和1个鸭孵化场共采集不同类型样本222份,按国标GB 4789.4－2016方法对沙门菌进行分离鉴定,进一步通过K-B法检测分离菌对14种抗菌药物的敏感性,并对鉴定出的稀有血清型沙门菌进行致病性研究。【结果】疑似沙门菌分离株在BS琼脂上呈黑色、灰色或棕褐色、有金属光泽菌落,在XLD琼脂上呈无色透明、或中心黑色或几乎全黑的菌落。将疑似沙门菌株接种三糖铁琼脂斜面进行生化鉴定,疑似沙门菌分离株均能使三糖铁斜面变为红色,底部变为黄色带黑色,符合沙门菌生化特性。通过PCR对沙门菌特异性基因invA进行扩增,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳后可在500 bp左右观察到目的条带,确认共分离到17株沙门菌,总分离率为7.7%（17/222）,包括鼠伤寒沙门菌、哈托沙门菌和波恩沙门菌3种血清型,其比例分别为47.1%（8/17）、29.4%（5/17）和23.5%（4/17）,优势血清型为鼠伤寒沙门菌。分离菌对β-内酰胺类和氨基糖苷类抗菌药耐药率最高,对氨苄西林和链霉素的耐药率分别为82.4%（14/17）和88.2%（15/17）,对喹诺酮类抗菌药最敏感,其中对萘啶酸100%（17/17）敏感。分离菌存在严重的多重耐药现象,其中耐10种以上（包括10种）抗菌药的6株,占比35.2%,且10种抗菌药分别来自至少6类不同种类抗菌药;耐8种抗菌药物的2株,占比11.8%;耐5~7种抗菌药的6株,占比35.3%;耐2~3种抗菌药物的共3株,占比17.6%。通过寇氏改良法测得稀有血清型菌株H4、B2的LD₅₀分别为3.98×10⁶和1.58×10⁶ CFU,致病性试验结果表明,哈托和波恩沙门菌均能引起小鼠急性死亡,脏器充血、出血,细胞变性等。【结论】本研究成功分离到17株鸭源沙门菌,从鸭中分离到哈托沙门菌在国内外属首次。分离菌具有严重的耐药性和多重耐药现象,2株稀有血清型沙门菌对小鼠的致病力均较强,且致病作用相似。本研究结果可为鸭场沙门菌病的防治提供参考。     

广东屠猪肉样品中大肠杆菌耐药性与毒力特征的分析

为分析广东地区屠猪肉中大肠杆菌(E.coli)药物敏感菌株的血清型、毒力基因和系统进化背景,本研究从屠猪肉样品中分离出112株E.coli,采用玻片凝集法鉴定血清型,琼脂稀释法测定10种抗菌药的敏感性,PCR方法检测7种毒力相关基因,多重PCR方法进行系统进化背景判定。结果显示,112株E.coli中,定型菌株95株,分别属于15种血清型,其中O65、O131、O8和O158为优势血清型。几乎所有菌株对氟苯尼考、多西环素和四环素高度耐药,而对头孢曲松高度敏感,其中多重耐药菌株多数耐5种以上药物,常见的多重耐药表型是氟苯尼考/氯霉素/多西环素/四环素/氨苄西林。PCR鉴定结果表明,含有毒力基因的菌株中38%至少具有两个毒力基因,其中EAST1+Stx2e和hlyF+Stx2e比较常见。比较常见的毒力基因为Stx2e和EAST1,STb基因仅在一株菌中检测到。多重PCR鉴定结果显示,屠猪肉样品中E.coli主要分布为共生型的A组和B1组。本研究为大肠杆菌病的控制和合理使用抗生素提供实验依据。     

Serotypes of Escherichia coli strains isolated from piglets with diarrhea in swine industrial farms

Serotypes of E. coli strains isolated from piglets, which died with symptoms of diarrhea in 9 swine industrial farms, were determined. Large numbers of serotypes (from 16 to 27) in individual farms were detected. The sets of serotypes from 9 investigated farms differed among each other significantly, depending on the farm and time of examination. It was found that more than one serotype of E. coli may exist in the pig body and contribute to the development of disease. The predominant serotypes, i.e. those comprising more than 10% of serologically determined strains, were found to exist in 6 of the investigated farms and not in the remaining ones. Among the predominant serotypes, particularly important seem to be strains with K88 antigen. For prophylaxis of piglet colibacteriosis in industrial farms in Poland two vaccines for sows are recommended: one containing the K88 antigen only and the other the following serotypes: 0149:K91,K88; 020:K57; 020:K83; 0157:K88; 01:K1; 0136:K78; 024:K?; 078:K80 and 0118:K? Strains belonging to these serotypes were the most prevalent in our strain collection.     

Prevalent Serotypes of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Different Animal and Avian Species in India

Identification and estimation of the prevalence of Pasteurella multocida organisms in different animal and avian species in India during November 2000 to July 2003 was carried out. Out of 418 samples collected from different outbreaks suspected to be caused by P. multocida, a total of 206 bacterial cultures were identified as P. multocida on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. All the 206 cultures were isolated from different domestic animal species (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig and rabbit), avian species (chicken, duck, quail, turkey, goose) and wild animals such as leopard and deer. Serotyping of P. multocida cultures revealed the presence of various serotypes (A:1, A:3, A:1,3, A:4, B:2, D:1 and -:1) among the livestock population. P. multocida polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay applied on different forms of bacterial cultures (bacterial culture lysate, direct bacterial colony and mixed bacterial culture lysate) yielded an amplified product of approximately 460 bp specific for P. multocida. The results of PCR assay correlated well with conventional methods of identification. The present investigation revealed the presence of varied serotypes among livestock and PCR assay was found to be useful for rapid, sensitive and specific diagnosis of pasteurellosis in animals and avian species.     

奶牛粪样中致病性大肠埃希菌的分离与鉴定

大肠埃希菌血清型众多,一些具有特殊血清型的大肠埃希菌对人和动物有致病性。本试验从包头市侯家营奶牛场77头外表健康成年泌乳荷斯坦奶牛采集新鲜粪样,进行细菌分离培养,共分离到疑似大肠埃希菌69株,经过形态观察、生化鉴定、动物致病性试验和血清型鉴定,其中12株为致病性大肠埃希菌,均为强毒株,占分离菌数的17.4%,另57株为非致病性大肠埃希菌,占分离菌数的82.6%。同时对12株致病性大肠埃希菌进行了"O"血清型鉴定,分属7种血清型O78、O6、O9、O98、O1、O8、O149,分别占定型菌株的25.0%(3/12)、8.3%(1/12)、16.7%(2/12)、8.3%(1/12)、8.3%(1/12)、8.3%(1/12)、25.0%(3/12)。     

两株副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

从疑似副猪嗜血杆菌病发病猪场采集58份病料,分离到2株革兰氏阴性短小杆菌.对分离菌株进行培养特性、生化特性、血清型分型研究以及PCR检测和测序分析,结果表明,分离的两株细菌均为血清4型副猪嗜血杆菌.对分离菌株进行药敏试验分析,结果显示分离株对头孢噻肟、头孢噻吩、替米考星高度敏感,对四环素、丁胺卡那、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星中度敏感,对甲氧苄氨嘧啶、复方新诺明、链霉素、阿莫西林、新霉素均耐药.     

黑龙江地区断奶仔猪腹泻大肠杆菌种系类群、血清型和毒力基因分析

揭示黑龙江地区集约化猪场仔猪断奶腹泻(PWD)直肠棉拭子分离到的123株大肠埃希菌所属种系分类群、O血清型及其与毒力基因的特征.采用常规凝集试验进行测定,种系分类群标记的ch uA、yjaA基因和TSPE4.C2DNA片段及肠毒素基因STa、STb、LT、SL T-2e采用PCR方法检测.在123株分离菌株中,除21株未定型、10株自凝外,测定出92株分离的血清型,覆盖18个血清型,其中以O8、O 9、O 149 3种血清型为主,共57株,占定型菌株的61.96％.环境共生的种系进化A群113株占91.87％,肠外强致病D种系进化群2株占1.63％.肠毒素检出菌株74,占分离株的60.16％,其中以STa、STb为主,共占肠毒素检出株的94.59％.结果显示黑龙江省PWD病原性大肠埃希菌优势血清型为O 8、O9、O149,大肠埃希菌肠毒素主要毒力因子为STa、STb,种系进化群为A.     

锦州地区鸡大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

由锦州地区不同类型鸡场采集疑似大肠杆菌病病料,分离出大肠杆菌15株。血清型鉴定试验确定14株的血清型,优势血清型为O15 、O35。并选择10种抗生素进行药敏试验,结果表明实验菌株耐药程度和多重耐药较为严重,耐药率在46.67%～100%,对5种以上抗生素耐药的菌株共有13株,占86.67%。     

猪链球菌7型的分离鉴定及药敏试验

某猪群暴发类似猪链球菌病,为确诊和防制该病,通过将病料接种到血液营养琼脂培养基和TSA培养基分离细菌,对分离菌株进行生化鉴定和PCR鉴定,并接种小白鼠进行动物试验和药敏试验。结果表明,分离的细菌为猪链球菌7型,对小白鼠具有致病性,且对恩诺沙星和头孢唑啉高度敏感。该结果对临床防制猪链球菌病具有参考意义。