沙门氏菌鞭毛蛋白属共同抗原表位的定位

用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术研制成４株沙门氏菌属特异单抗ＣＢ８，ｄｅ７，ｃｃ６，ＤＤ４，在免疫转印试验中，证实它们所识别的抗原表位位于鞭毛蛋白上，ＥＬＩＳＡ相加试验及竞争试验显示，ＣＢ８和ｃｃ６与ｄｅ７，ＤＤ４识别的抗原表位不同，表明鞭毛蛋白的属共同抗原具有多种表位的特性。用胰蛋白酶消化鞭毛蛋白，ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ结果出现两条新带，分子量分别为４２０００（Ｆ４２），２７０００（Ｆ２７），长时间消化，最终只剩下Ｆ２７条带，它可抵制该酶的消化。对该酶切样品的免疫转印结果表明，沙门氏菌鞭毛蛋白属共同抗原表位出现于Ｆ４２和Ｆ２７上，而相应的沙门氏菌分型Ｈ抗原单抗或因子血清识别的表位也在Ｆ４２和Ｆ２７上都得到了证实。这为沙门氏菌鞭毛蛋白抗原的多样性及结构和功能研究提供了证据。     

融合表达淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒和卵清白蛋白CD8+T细胞表位的减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的构建与鉴定

依据淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒(LCMV)主要保护性抗原CD8 T细胞表位VRRPQASGVYMGNLTAQ和卵清白蛋白(OVA)CD8 T细胞表位SIINFEKL,设计、合成两条编码LCMV和OVA CD8 T细胞表位的寡核苷酸片段,经退火后,克隆入绿色荧光蛋白表达质粒pYAGFP,经PCR扩增和序列测定分析,证实成功构建T细胞表位与绿色荧光蛋白融合表达的重组质粒pYAGFPL-O,将此重组质粒pYAGFPL-O转化减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌X4550,获得重组沙门氏菌X4550(pYAGFPL-O).用SDS-PAGE电泳测得重组菌表达的融合蛋白约为30kD.同时,荧光显微镜下观察到X4550(pYAGFPL-O)发出黄绿色荧光.这些结果表明LCMV和OVA T细胞表位已成功表达.重组菌X4550(pYAGFPL-O)的获得为研究沙门氏菌载体携带外源抗原的T细胞应答规律及调控机理打下了重要基础.     

Significance of local immunity in hen reproductive organs

The current paper describes aspects of local immunity in the ovary and oviduct, and the significance of immunity to reproductive functions in hens. The immunocompetent cell populations in the ovary and oviduct change with a positive correlation to sexual activity, and gonadal steroid is one of the key factors in the increase. Local immune responses mediated by major histocompatibility complex class II and T cell subsets occur in response to infection by Salmonella enteritidis, which may contaminate eggs. In the ovary, immunocompetent cells are also suggested to play roles in the regulation of ovarian functions. Macrophages and T cells are likely to enhance the regression of atretic follicles to maintain the ovarian tissue microenvironment. Autoantibodies to ovarian tissues appeared in the hens with low egg laying frequency, suggesting that the auto‐antibodies may be one of the factors in the decline of egg production. In the oviduct, local immunity possibly has a role in the selection of sperm, though the immunoreactions may also affect sperm survival leading to the decline in fertility. The concentration of yolk IgY, which plays a role in maternal immunity transmission, significantly decreases with the aging of birds, whereas it is significantly increased by estrogen. Therefore, the immune system plays significant roles not only in defense against infection, but also in the functions of reproductive organs. Investigations on the local immune system in the reproductive organs and factors affecting it are of importance for the production of sterile eggs and improvement of reproductive functions.     

羊沙门氏菌病流行与防治

羊沙门氏菌病是是由多种致病性沙门氏菌感染引发的一种急性传染性疾病,不同年龄品种的羊都可以受到病原侵染,其中对羔羊造成的危害最为严重,尤其是断奶不久后的羔羊感染沙门氏菌后,表现的临床症状最为明显,致死率最高。临床上由于致病性沙门氏菌的种类较多,侵染途径多样,一旦受到病原侵染,将很难清理,会造成羊群反复流行,带来的经济损失不可估量。该文主要探讨羊沙门氏菌病的流行特点与防治措施。     

Evaluation of treatment and prophylaxis with nitrofurans and comparison with alternative antimicrobial agents in experimental Salmonella enterica Serovar enteritidis infection in chicks

The ability of the nitrofuran antimicrobial agents furazolidone and furaltadone to prevent, reduce or eliminate Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis PT4 infection in artificially challenged day-old chicks was evaluated. Treating the birds with the nitrofurans failed to eliminate established infections with either furazolidone-resistant (Fz^R) or furazolidone-sensitive (Fz^S) strains. Simultaneous administration of the nitrofurans to day-old chicks challenged with Fz^S failed to prevent infection but reduced colonization significantly (p<0.05) compared to unmedicated controls. No reduction of colonization occurred with Fz^R. Challenging birds with Fz^S and simultaneous dosing with nitrofurans for 1 week, followed by a second week of continued treatment, resulted in an increase in the level of colonization in the second week rather than a decrease. Dosing with the nitrofurans (200 ppm) for 1 week prior to challenge with Fz and continued medication for a further week prevented colonization of the caecum, liver and spleen. However, cessation of dosing at the time of challenge with salmonella resulted in colonization. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline at concentrations of 200 ppm were both independently capable of preventing colonization by salmonella. Sulphadiazine initially reduced colonization but failed to eliminate the infection. Only when furazolidone was combined with chloramphenicol or when sulphadiazine was combined with trimethoprim, and the combined drugs were administered concurrently with the challenge, was colonization prevented.     

猪源致病性沙门氏菌耐药基因的分析

采用平板稀释法，选用氨基糖苷类、四环素类、磺胺类和氯霉素类4大类抗生素的11种药物，对30株猪源致病性沙门氏菌进行了药敏试验，结果有28株菌（93．3％）至少对一种药物有耐药性；对四环素、强力霉素、磺胺甲基异口恶唑、复方新诺明、链霉素、卡那霉索和氯霉素有耐药性的菌株较普遍，在所有菌株中占比例分别为83．3％、80％、80％、76．7％、60％、56．7％和56．7％。设计了25对引物，对耐药基因进行了扩增及序列测定，结果扩增到13种耐药基因，与GenBank中的相应基因有很高的同源性（≥98．1％）。30株猪源致病性沙门氏菌中至少含有一种耐药基因的菌株有28株（93．3％），sul1、aph（3′）-Ⅱa、tetC、Catl、tetA和aadAl耐药基因较为普遍，检出率分别为76．7％、60％、60％、43．3％、40％和36．7％。药敏试验结果与耐药基因检测结果有很高的一致性（≥88％）。     

百色市动物饲料中沙门氏菌分离鉴定检测报告

随机抽查百色市2009—2012年468份饲料进行沙门氏菌的检测,通过预增菌、选择性增菌和分离培养鉴定,检出阳性样品7份,阳性率1.5%。其中猪浓缩饲料样品检出5份,鸡配合饲料样品检出1份,自配大鸡混合饲料检出1份。检测发现猪浓缩饲料检出的几率较高,鸭、鱼、兔配合料未检出阳性样品,饲料中沙门氏菌污染主要来源于添加的动物蛋白质原料,添加动物蛋白质原料比例越高,检出的几率越大。     

沙门氏菌快速检测试剂盒的研制及其应用

在建立直接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法基础上，首次研制出检测沙门氏菌的单抗快速检测试剂盒。对现场分离菌株进行的双盲考核试验共做２８０个菌株，两种方法的总符合率为９４．６％。以２０％的脱脂乳为冻干保护剂，经冻干后，其效价和物理性状最佳，试剂盒批内和批间重复试验的变异系数小于１０％，试剂盒的稳定性较好。采用本试剂盒检测了３０５９份人的粪样，检测出１６６份阳性样品，比市站多检出７２份阳性样品。在对６１９份肉样、６８８份鱼粉、６００份奶样、６２０份蛋样检测中，比常规国标方法多检出１００株沙门氏菌。因此，以直接ＥＬＩＳＡ为基础构建的快速检测试剂盒在沙门氏菌检验中，具有重要实用价值。     

低聚糖对肉鸡肠道内主要微生物菌群数量的影响

选择 1日龄健康AA肉鸡 6 0 0羽 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组设 4个重复 ,分别施以 3种不同日粮 :基础日粮添加 0 .1%异麦芽低聚糖 (低聚糖组 ) ;基础日粮添加 3.3mg/kg硫酸粘杆菌素 16 .5mg/kg杆菌肽锌 (抗生素组 )和基础日粮 (空白对照 )组 ,各组基础日粮相同。分别于肉鸡 2 1日龄和 42日龄时从各组中选 2只试验鸡 ,解剖 ,取其空肠和盲肠新鲜内容物 ,用以测定试验鸡肠道中主要微生物菌群 (大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和乳酸杆菌 )的数量。结果表明 :添加低聚糖组试鸡空肠和盲肠内大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,乳酸杆菌数量显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;在添加低聚糖组肉鸡肠道内仅检测到很少或几乎没有沙门氏菌 ;添加抗生素组试鸡中空肠和盲肠内大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和乳酸杆菌浓度均显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )     

猪场常用消毒剂对沙门氏菌等细菌的作用效果试验

为了解目前猪场常用消毒剂对猪场常见肠道致病菌的杀菌作用,开展了5种猪场常用消毒剂(特碘、复合醛、消特灵、氢氧化纳和高锰酸钾)杀灭5种猪场常见肠道致病菌(沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、弗氏枸橼酸杆菌和绿脓杆菌)最低浓度(M BC)的试验,依次为1∶600~1∶800,1∶1000~1∶2500,1∶30000~1∶40000,0.01%~0.03%,0.0008%~0.004%。观察温度对各种消毒剂作用沙门氏菌M BC的影响,结果表明,温度越高,特碘的M BC也越高,复合醛则越低,而其他3种影响不大;固定各种消毒剂浓度所能杀灭的最高沙门氏菌浓度,均能达到106个.m l-1以上,两种消毒剂配合使用效果不一。同时还检测了终止和不终止消毒剂作用对杀菌效果的影响不大,并对猪场用药提出几点建议。