Fusarium solani Upregulated Sesquiterpene Synthase Expression,Sesquiterpene Production and Allelopathic Activity in Piper betle L.

Activators of sesquiterpene synthase (STS) gene expression and sesquiterpene production in Piper betle L. were examined using quantitative real time PCR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods, and the allelopathic activity of untreated and Fusarium solani-treated betel extracts was tested on seed germination and on the shoot and root growth of Thai rice variety PSL2 (Oryza sativa cv. Phitsanulok 2) and three dominant paddy weeds (Eclipta prostrata, Echinochloa crus-galli and Chloris barbata). The results demonstrated that F. solani dramatically upregulated STS expression and productions of β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D sesquiterpene when compared with the untreated control, and that betel extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on weeds than on rice. The effects were more clearly detected on seed germination and root growth than on shoot growth, and they were found to be dose-dependent. It is also noted that F. solani-treated extract had stronger effects than the untreated extract. The species most sensitive to the allelopathic effects was C. barbata, germination of which was completely inhibited even at a dose of 0.1 mg/mL untreated extract. With regards to rice, although betel extract at 1.0 mg/mL showed no inhibition on germination, it affected the elongation of rice roots, in addition to those of the tested weeds. The obtained data suggested that F. solani has potential as an activator of sesquiterpene allelochemical production via STS expression, the latter leading to the treated betel extract having a stronger phytotoxic effect. These results were beneficial in the promotion of natural herbicide production using biotechnology.     

植物品种权许可实施合同选择分析

许可实施是植物品种权实施的主要模式之一，是将创新品种转化为利润的重要机制，能够激励植 物新品种研发创新，并促进新品种技术扩散。植物品种权许可实施不同于品种权转让，具有收入效应和竞 争效应，从微观角度可以提高知识资产的使用效率。但是植物品种权许可实施的收入效应和竞争效应受复 杂因素影响，由于信息不对称和不确定因素的存在，许可双方无法事先签订完美的许可合同。品种权人可 以通过许可合同价格条款和许可范围的选择，利用“入门费 分期提成/阶段性支付”的许可费用模式， 规避许可风险。     

基于车牌识别的校园车辆出入管理系统研究

面对出入园区机动车辆数量的日益增多,高校校园相关管理部门所采用的传统人工管理方式已经不能满足管理的需要。通过调查,针对当前实际管理中所存在的问题,提出了一种基于车牌自动识别技术的车辆出入管理信息系统,即通过车辆图像信息的采集、车牌定位、字符分割、字符识别等操作完成车牌身份信息的自动提取,最后将获取到的信息存入数据库,通过搜索、查询匹配等模块的处理,实现自动智能管理的要求。通过实验,系统具有较高的识别率,能满足实际应用的需要,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

取水许可与凿井许可地理信息系统设计与实现

加强水资源管理,合理利用,科学调度,是保障首都安全供水的重要举措。取水许可管理与凿井许可管理是整个北京市水资源配置管理系统的重要内容,建立对于取水许可与凿井许可管理的信息分析系统,可以通过有效的技术手段来分析取水的依据、必要性与合理性,从而更加科学地对水资源的配置进行管理。项目通过空间数据处理技术,完成了全市4万多眼机井、行政区划、水系、河流、水库等重要水利工程、水功能区、地下水限制开采区等取水许可与凿井许可相关的业务空间专题图数据的整理加工。并参考遵照系统开发相关标准,采用当前流行的SSH架构,即Struts、Spring与Hibernate的组成方式,采用MIS与GIS相结合的方式,构建以业务应用为基础,以GIS的空间分析技术为支撑的水资源管理行政许可业务(含取水许可和凿井许可)管理、分析和决策支持为一体的地理信息系统。     

阳高县杏脯产业现状调查分析

山西省大同市阳高县被誉为"三晋杏乡",生产的阳高杏脯营养丰富,是山西省传统名优特产。调查了阳高县杏脯产业的发展历史和现状以及阳高县杏脯产业发展中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了阳高县杏脯产业可持续发展的合理化建议。     

河北省贯彻落实农药经营许可制度的实践与探索

农药经营环节是整个农药管理链条当中极其重要的一环,是连接农药生产与使用的桥梁和纽带。为更好地落实农药经营许可相关制度,便于操作,河北省制定了配套的规范性文件,并在工作实践中不断探索完善,进一步完善审查审批流程,以解决实际问题,有效推进了全省农药经营许可制度的落实。     

一起无兽药经营许可证经营兽药案分析

2018年3月,A省B市农业委员会接群众举报,C省某生物药品有限公司涉嫌无兽药经营许可证经营兽药。经立案调查,认定该公司违法事实存在,根据《兽药管理条例》《兽用生物制品经营管理办法》规定,依法作出"没收违法所得50 000元,罚款150 000元"的行政处罚决定。本文对该案的案件定性、违法事实认定、违法所得认定、案件调查范围及D省某生物公司库存产品的处置等内容进行了分析,并结合案情,对生产企业发证地以外经营和设立仓库应如何监管进行了思考,以期为完善兽药监管机制,严格依法行政提供参考。     

The complex relationship between welfare and reproduction in cattle

Using reproduction parameters as indicators for cattle welfare has limitations and, at best, these parameters should only be viewed as indirect indicators of welfare. On a farm level, measures such as fertility rates emphasize biological performance of the herd but fail to consider the welfare of individual animals. Even on an individual level, the relationship between reproductive effectiveness and animal welfare is complex. Good reproductive performance does not automatically signify good welfare, as domestication and targeted breeding programmes have led to prioritization of high productive and reproductive performance in most modern farm animal species. In this review, we synthesize literature regarding cattle husbandry, reproduction, welfare and their multidimensional relationships. We argue that practices such as artificial insemination or the use of sexed semen may provide potential welfare advantages as these practices reduce the risk of disease transmission and injury or enable selection of specific beneficial traits. Furthermore, they may offer a solution to current practices jeopardizing welfare, such as the management of surplus bull calves in the dairy industry. Conversely, the animals’ ability to perform natural behaviours such as oestrous expression, an aspect arguably contributing to welfare, is often limited on commercial farms; this limitation is particularly evident in housing systems such as tie stalls where movement is restricted. Moreover, common management practices such as oestrus manipulation may lead to negative attitudes in citizens who often regard naturalness as important element of animal welfare.     

政府规制理论在我国近海渔业管理中应用的探讨

自由准入状态导致了渔业资源产权的不确定性, 过度投资和过度利用使得渔业资源过度消耗。要实现渔业资源的可持续发展就必须对渔业进行适当的规制。政府规制是指政府直接干预微观经济主体活动的一种行为方式, 可分为经济性规制和社会性规制。渔业规制关注的不仅仅是管理的合法性问题, 更多的是管理的最佳性问题, 即用最佳管理方式实现渔业的可持续性发展。随着现代社会政府与公民的二元对立观念不断减弱, 管理者与被管理者由对立转向合作, 传统的以(捕捞)许可为中心的渔业管理方式已经不适应现代渔业管理的发展, 有必要引进政府规制理论提升和改造命令控制式的渔业规制方式。本研究基于政府规制理论提出了“合作性治理”模式, 改变了“政府—渔民”两方博弈为多主体共同管理, 通过创设合理的产权制度、有效的激励性规制和成本效益分析方法建立起合作、共享机制以实现渔业管理的目的。     

安徽省保健食品生产许可现场检查情况分析

研究安徽省近年来保健食品生产许可现场检查情况,为检查员开展许可检查、食品药品监管部门进行日常监管及保健食品生产企业加强质量管理提供参考。以2014—2016年75份安徽省保健食品许可检查结果为研究对象,采用计量学方法对其进行分类统计分析。结果表明:生产过程缺陷项目共有291次,设计与设施缺陷项目共有199次,品质管理缺陷项目共有157次,原料缺陷项目共有148次,人员管理、卫生管理、储存与运输缺陷项目共有120次。保健食品产品总体上技术水平不高,生产企业质量管理水平不高,许可检查总体通过率较低,但呈现逐年上升趋势。建议企业加强生产质量管理,监管部门加强监管,检查员提升现场检查水平。