Pathogenicity of emerging Japanese type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in experimentally infected pigs

To clarify the pathogenicity of Japanese type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolate in experimentally infected pigs, we evaluated clinical signs and monitored viremia for 21 days post-inoculation (dpi). Lungs were mottled, tanned and reddish in appearance; had lesions predominantly in the cranial, middle and accessory lobes; and failed to collapse at 10 dpi. Although microscopic lesions of lungs were reproduced using the Japanese emerging type 1 PRRSV isolate under experimental conditions, no significant differences were noted between the challenge and control groups regarding mean rectal temperature and daily weight gain. These results provide useful insights into the limited pathogenicity of single infection with the Japanese type 1 PRRSV isolate in piglets, which differ from findings in reported field cases.     

“猪康散”保健用药对人工感染猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒仔猪血清细胞因子含量的影响

选取28日龄健康杜长大三元杂交仔猪40头,随机分为4组,每组10头。36~39日龄中药组(Ⅲ、Ⅳ组)分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%"猪康散",40日龄除阴性对照组(Ⅰ组)外均滴鼻接种PRRSV SCM株1.0mL。于40、45、50、55、60日龄每组选取4头仔猪,前腔静脉采血测定血清细胞因子(IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α)的变化。结果显示,在整个试验期间,除0.5%中药组40日龄仔猪血清中IL-2含量与阴性对照组差异不显著外(P0.05),0.5%和1.0%中药组仔猪血清中IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α的含量均显著高于阴性对照组和阳性对照组(P0.01或0.05);除两中药组40日龄仔猪血清中IL-6含量差异不显著外(P0.05),1.0%中药组仔猪血清中IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α含量均显著高于0.5%中药组(P0.01或0.05)。结果表明,在断奶仔猪基础日粮中添加0.5%和1.0%质量分数的"猪康散"能明显提高人工感染PRRSV仔猪血清中IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α的含量,从而提高仔猪机体免疫功能,达到抗PRRSV的能力。     

Construction and Identification of PRRSV ORF5 Gene Prokaryotic Expression Vector

The present study was designed to construct recombinant plasmids,which could express porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 gene.RNA was extracted from spleen and lung samples of the suspected pigs which were infected with PRRSV.According to PRRSV ORF5 gene,a pair of primers was designed for RT-PCR amplification.The ORF5 target gene was cloned into pMD19-T vector and then the recombinant pMD19-ORF5 was achieved.According to the sequencing results and the characteristics of expression vectors,a pair of primers with NcoⅠand XbaⅠenzyme cleavage sites was designed.Target fragment dORF5 was amplified and then connected to pProEXHTb and pNZ8149 vectors,respectively.And recombinant HTb-dORF5/DE3 and pNZ8149-dORF5/NZ3900 was induced by IPTG and Nisin,respectively,and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.Recombinant HTb-dORF5/DE3 induced by 1.5 mmol/L IPTG was expressed in the highest quantity.There were specific band at about 22 ku with reactionogenicity when it was tested by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.Recombinant pNZ8149-dORF5/NZ3900 induced by 20 ng/mL Nisin was expressed in the highest quantity.There were specific band at about 19 ku with reactionogenicity when it was tested by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.The IFA result showed specific green fluorescence.This study successfully constructed recombinant plasmids HTb-dORF5 and pNZ8149-dORF5 and expressed,the result laid a solid foundation for further development of PRRS vaccines.     

Evaluation of two commercial PRRSV antibody ELISA kits with samples of known status and singleton reactors

Two commercial PRRSV ELISA kits (IDEXX and Bionote) were evaluated for their sensitivity and specificity using 476 PRRS-positive serum samples collected from 7 animal challenge experiments and 1,000 PRRS-negative sera. Both ELISA kits exhibited 100% sensitivity with sera collected 14 to 42 days post-infection, and the results from the kits were highly correlated (R²=0.9207). The specificity of IDEXX or Bionote kit was 99.9% or 99.7%, respectively. In addition, the Bionote ELISA kit was used to examine 100 sera that were determined to be falsely positive either by IDEXX 2XR or 3XR ELISA, and only 7 of these samples were found to be positive. These results indicate that both ELISA kits exhibited similar levels of sensitivity and specificity and would complement one another for the verification of false-positive samples.     

Evidence of long distance airborne transport of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

The ability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to be transported over long distances via the airborne route was evaluated. A source population of 300 grow-finish pigs was experimentally inoculated with PRRSV MN-184 and M. hyopneumoniae 232 and over a 50-day period, air samples were collected at designated distances from the source herd using a liquid cyclonic collector. Samples were tested for the presence of PRRSV RNA and M. hyopneumoniae DNA by PCR and if positive, further characterized. Of the 306 samples collected, 4 (1.3%) were positive for PRRSV RNA and 6 (1.9%) were positive for M. hyopneumoniae DNA. The PRRSV-positive samples were recovered 4.7 km to the northwest (NW) of the source population. Four of the M. hyopneumoniae-positive samples were obtained at the NW sampling point; 2 samples at approximately 2.3 km and the other 2 samples approximately 4.7 km from the source population. Of the remaining 2 samples, one sample was obtained at the southeast sampling point and the other at the southwest sampling point, with both locations being approximately 4.7 km from the source. The four PRRSV-positive samples contained infectious virus and were ≥ 98.8% homologous to the MN-184 isolate used to inoculate the source population. All 6 of the M. hyopneumoniae-positive samples were 99.9% homologous to M. hyopneumoniae 232. These results support the hypothesis that long distance airborne transport of these important swine pathogens can occur.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染的诊断及其分子特点

采用流行病学调查、临床症状观察、病理学检查、病毒分离、分离毒株测序以及遗传演化分析的方法,对北京及其周边地区4个猪场剖检的4头猪进行分析。结果:流行病学和临床症状表现为急性高热性传染病;病理学观察为非化脓性脑炎和间质性肺炎等多器官严重的病理变化;RT-PCR和病毒分离确定该疫情的主要病原是猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)。与典型PRRSV感染不同的是:成年猪感染率达50%以上,病死率达80%以上;PRRSV分离株全基因序列分析表明属于PRRSV北美洲型,特别是PRRSV NSP2不连续缺失30个氨基酸,说明此次流行的PRRSV毒株可能为高致病性毒株。     

山东PRRSV流行株ORF5、ORF6、ORF7基因序列的分子特征

采用RT-PCR技术对2001~2007年分离自山东地区10株(ShanDong-3、SD-JN、SD-ZQ、SD1、SD2、SD3、SD4、SD5、SD6和SD7)猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)进行ORF5、ORF6和ORF7基因的扩增、克隆和测序,与已知序列的毒株的相应片段进行同源性分析比较,并对其分子特征进行分析。结果表明:该10株病毒仍属北美洲型,其中2001~2002年分离的SD1株、SD2株和2006年分离的SD6株核苷酸序列之间的ORF5、ORF6、ORF7同源性分别为99.2%,99.8%,100%,均与北美洲原型代表株(VR-2332株)和疫苗毒MLVRe-spPRRS Repro USA遗传距离较近,同属一大分支;2006~2007年分离的PRRSV ShanDong-3、SD-JN、SD-ZQ、SD3,SD4,SD5,SD7分离株ORF5、ORF6、ORF7同源性分别为97.8%~100%,99.4%~99.8%,99.2%~99.7%,均与国内96年Ch-1a和2002年HB-1株及2006年分离鉴定的国内高致病性分离株(JXA1、Shanghai、HEB1)同属一个大的分支。首...     

多重PCR／RT—PCR技术检测PRRSV、PPV、PRV和PCV-2

根椐GenBank中已发表的猪蓝耳病毒(PRRSV)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、伪狂犬病毒(PRV)和猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV-2)等4种病毒基因序列,对各病毒基因区进行同源性分析,确定PRRSV M和N、PPV VP2、PRV gD、PCV-2ORF2基因的保守区为各病毒的诊断靶序列.在建立各病毒单项PCR技术的基础上,优化多重PCR反应条件,建立了4种病毒的四重PCR技术,可同时扩增PRRSV的660 bp(北美株),PPV的313 bp,PRV的217 bp,PCV-2的447 bp的特异性片段.用82份临床病料对本研究多重PCR技术和单项PCR/RT-PCR技术进行对比验证,结果显示,两者的总符合率为93%以上.表明建立的多重PCR检测方法,具有特异、快速、准确的特点,可用于对这4种病毒的同时检测和鉴别诊断.     

PRRSV缺失变异毒株JL/07/SW株的分离鉴定及序列分析

分离并鉴定了1株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒,经病毒生物学特性测定、血清学试验、病毒基因鉴定,确定为美洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒,将其命名为JL/07/SW株.根据猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒VR-2332株及变异毒株的核苷酸序列,设计合成了针对NSP2变异序列、N基因以及GP5基因的引物,扩增出正确的序列,经测定的序列比对后,发现该毒株为美洲型变异毒株,NSP2上缺失了30个氨基酸,而GP5和M基因相对保守.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒变异株ORF6基因的克隆与原核表达研究

根据GenBank中美洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的ORF6基因序列,设计合成一对特异性引物,应用RT-PCR方法扩增出PRRSV的ORF6基因(M基因)。将所扩增片段克隆入原核表达载体pET-32a(+),pET-ORF6重组质粒转化DH5a宿主菌后,经双酶切、PCR鉴定后挑选阳性克隆测序鉴定并对插入的ORF6基因序列进行分析。结果表明,ORF6基因的原核表达载体构建成功。ORF6基因推导的氨基酸与美洲型相应基因的同源性为96.0%～100%,与LV株的同源性为79.9%,系统进化树表明该PRRSV属于美洲型。将构建成功的重组质粒pET-ORF6转化BL21,诱导后经SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析表明:克隆在HIS标签的膜基质蛋白基因与HIS获得了高效表达,表达的融合蛋白HIS-M分子量约为39kDa,并且有免疫学反应活性。