废名新诗理论与中国“自然”诗学传统

传统的经典理论分析了政府供给公共产品和消费者无差别消费时的经济问题。然而在市场经济中消费者的类型是不相同的，对公共产品的消费需求也各不相同。对此，需要研究不同消费需求、不同供给模式下具有“消费信号”的公共产品自愿供给问题。研究发现，提高公共产品消费的信号性，优化公共产品的供给模式对于公共产品的自愿供给非常重要。同时，识别出“信号消费”下的异质消费者，并使公共产品具有私人产品的消费特征时，公共产品自愿供给的意愿将会增加。     

从农产品消费选择趋向浅谈农产品质量提升之路径选择

党的十九大做出了实施乡村振兴战略的重要部署，这就需要推进农业高质量发展，首要任务是农产品质量的提升，当前农产品消费选择的趋向是追求更安全、高品质、有特色、更健康，文章分析了农产品供给与需求之间的错位问题以及成因，并据此提出通过加强科学研究、推行全程质量控制技术、强化信息服务、加强监督管理等方式来促进农产品质量提升和满足消费需求。     

甘蔗渣制造活性炭的研究和试生产

本文研究了甘蔗渣用氯化锌法生产活性炭的可能性,探索最佳工艺条件和进行工业规模生产的可行性。实践表明,甘蔗渣是制造高脱色力糖用炭的优良原料之一,甘蔗渣用化学法生产活性炭操作工艺简单,产品质量优良,糖用炭的主要指标达到或超过林业部颁LY216-79一级品标准。     

Voluntary acceptance and consumption of two oral ciclosporin formulations in dogs: two randomised,controlled studies

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common canine allergic skin disease and can significantly affect the quality of life of affected dogs. Treating canine AD with ciclosporin has been a subject of great interest in recent years. Many studies have provided substantial evidence of ciclosporin efficacy and safety in canine AD management, and for several years ciclosporin has been recognised as a major component of canine AD multimodal therapy. As a chronic condition, canine AD requires life-long medical management and treatment success relies in large part on product ease of administration. Two studies were conducted to assess the comparative voluntary acceptance and consumption of Cyclavance® (Virbac), a new oral liquid formulation of ciclosporin, and Atopica® (Novartis) either added to a small quantity of kibbles (study 1) or administered directly into the dog’s mouth (study 2).

Results

Over the course of the two studies 70 dogs assessed each of the ciclosporin formulations and 320 individual tests were performed for each tested product. Immediate prehension (in less than 2 seconds) occurred significantly more often with Cyclavance® (90.6% of the tests) than with Atopica® (14.4% of the tests) when products were mixed with 30 grams of dry food (p < 0.001). Moreover, Cyclavance® was significantly more often easily accepted than Atopica® (99.3% vs 27.1% of the tests, respectively) when products were administered directly into the dogs’ mouth (p < 0.0001). Cyclavance® was also more often totally consumed (98.3% of the tests) than Atopica® (2.2% of the tests) when mixed with a small amount of food (p < 0.001). However, both products were totally consumed once administered directly into the dogs’ mouth.

Conclusions

By facilitating cicloporin administration and consumption, Cyclavance® liquid formulation offers an interesting alternative to capsules that may improve dosing compliance and therefore the ability to benefit from the therapeutic effects in the long-term treatment of canine AD.     

劳动力流动与中国农村居民消费结构——基于LAIDS模型的实证研究

使用1992~2011年的时间序列数据,采用线性几乎理想需求系统模型（LAIDS）,重点检验了劳动力流动对农村居民消费结构的影响。研究发现,劳动力流动会使衣着、文教娱乐及服务、医疗消费有所增加,会减少食品、居住消费,对家用几乎没有影响。为此,应增加工资性收入,完善劳动力流动政策和供给结构。     

夏玉米需水及耗水规律的研究

分析了试验地区夏玉米在降雨年型为-干旱年的需水与耗水规律。结果表明，试验条件下，夏玉米全生育期需水量为359．8mm。夏玉米日需水强度呈抛物线型，苗期较小，拔节到抽雄达到最大，抽雄到酸浆后需水强度逐渐减小。土体供水在耗水来源组成中所占比例很小，甚至出现负供水。但是在某个生长发育阶段，特别是出现水分胁迫的条件下，土体供水可在玉米耗水组成中占主导地位。     

中国农村居民不同年度家庭收入与消费支出关系的实证研究

为了说明我国农村居民不同年度家庭收入与消费支出之间的相关关系及其变动情况,采用《中国统计年鉴》2000和2004年的省际截面数据进行了典型相关分析。结果显示,我国农村居民不同年度家庭收入与消费支出有着十分显著的相关关系,工资性收入与消费支出相关指标关系最为密切。2004与2000年相比,农村居民消费由生存性消费逐渐过渡到非生存性消费,但两年中医疗保健支出典型载荷均较低。由于目前农民实际收入水平较低,这些高层次的、非生存性消费需求无法得到实现。因此,为了提高农村居民消费质量,优化消费结构,在其他收入增长空间有限的情况下,提出了增加农民工资性收入的政策建议。     

福建省粮食消费情况剖析

分析了福建省居民粮食消费情况及未来发展趋势,其中包括城镇居民、农村居民的粮食直接(口粮)、间接(主要为涉及到粮食的畜禽、水产等农产品——饲料粮)消费情况及预测。从分析的结果看,近年来粮食直接消费量呈明显下降趋势,预测2005—2020年间粮食直接消费量还会进一步减少,其间将共减少44.58%,每年以3.86%的速度递减;近年来间接消费量有明显升高,预测2005—2020年间福建年粮食间接消费量增幅达到149.19%,增加了716.49万t。结合福建省粮食的供给状况,计算2005—2020年间,粮食综合生产能力预测值与消费总量(包括直接粮食消费量、间接粮食消费量、种子用粮和工业用粮)之间的差额,结果为:这种差额一直表现为负值,且有明显加大的态势,粮食缺口量绝对值从509.11万t提高到2020年的1143.25万t,每年粮食缺口量的增加幅度达到5.54%。最后,文章提出:作为一个现实和潜在的缺粮大省,福建省有必要做好保证粮食有效供给和提高粮食的产量方面的工作,即要充分挖掘耕地粮食生产潜力、适度增加粮食库存、注重粮食流通体系的提升和保证饲料粮的有效供给等。     

21世纪初安徽省农村贫困标准的制定及扶贫开发目标区域选择

目前国际上和我国制定贫困的标准主要是根据马丁法 ,计算出来的是最低贫困线。由于全国各地发展的不平衡性 ,扶贫开发不宜采用同一贫困标准。笔者拟通过马丁法、恩格尔系数法、消费支出与收入关系判断法 3种方法对 2 1世纪初安徽贫困状况作出判断 ,提出适合安徽省实际情况的贫困标准 ,并据此选择扶贫开发的目标区域。     

The development of forage production and utilization gradients around livestock watering points

Large herbivores can impose spatial patterns on otherwise homogeneous vegetation, but how these patterns change through time is poorly understood. Domestic livestock pastures are model systems for studying how foraging behavior influences the development of coupled grazing and vegetation patterns. We sampled forage production and utilization by cattle along distance-from-water gradients to provide a snapshot of grazing and vegetation patterns, and then evaluated the ability of simulation models to qualitatively reproduce these patterns. In the field, forage production increased with distance from water, as expected, but utilization peaked at intermediate distances from water in two of three study areas. Likewise, simulations based on a variety of foraging strategies produced gradients in forage production and, after forage availability near water declined sufficiently, peaks in utilization at intermediate distances. Distance-from-water gradients thus represent cumulative but not necessarily present day gradients in grazing intensity. The model with a foraging strategy based on time minimization produced slightly more realistic patterns in forage abundance than a model based on energy maximization, although results were sensitive to the value of the threshold for rejecting sites of low forage biomass. However, all models produced implausible thresholds in grazing and forage distribution, suggesting that factors besides resource distribution influence herbivore distributions. Moreover, different foraging rules produced similar vegetation gradients, especially on point water source landscapes, illustrating the difficulty of inferring foraging processes from vegetation patterns.