Cytotoxic alkaloids from stems, leaves and twigs of Dasymaschalon blumei

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the cytotoxic ethyl acetate extract from the stems of Dasymaschalon blumei (Annonaceae) led to the isolation of four aristololactam alkaloids, including the hitherto unknown 3,5-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyaristolactam (1), as well as the three known compounds, aristolactam BI, goniopedaline, and griffithinam. Additionally, the cytotoxic extract from the combined leaves and twigs of the same plant yielded three known oxoaporphine alkaloids, oxodiscoguattine, dicentrinone, and duguevalline. The structures of aristolactams and oxoaporphine alkaloids were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. All isolates were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a panel of mammalian cancer cell lines and a noncancerous human embryonic kidney cell Hek 293.     

生物碱在植物保护管理中的应用

生物碱是一类重要植物次生代谢物,本文述及生物碱在植物保护管理中的应用,包括生物碱对有害昆虫、有害微生物、有害植物等有害生物管理上的研究进展。     

Boldo (Peumus boldus) cultivated under different light conditions, soil humidity and plantation density

Boldo (Peumus boldus Mol.) is a medicinal plant native to the central zone of Chile and part of the sclerophyll forest. More than 2000 tons of dried leaves exported annually are wild collected. To develop a cultivation system that supports sustainable production of boldo leaves, we have studied growth and harvest of boldo under different light and soil water conditions. The leaf yield per plant as well as the alkaloid and essential oil content were the same for plants grown under shade and for plants exposed to full sun. The only difference between the shaded and the full sun plants was a higher percentage of stem in the harvested product of shade grown plants. This result would permit the intercropping of boldo in forest plantations without affecting the leaf yield and medicinal quality. The excellent adaptation to dry conditions was confirmed, as the different treatments of soil water led to similar leaf yields and plant heights. Plants submitted to water stress produced fewer but longer shoots and contained less essential oil. None of the treatments except water stress affected the medicinal quality requirements of alkaloid or essential oil concentration in the leaves. Wild collected leaves are inexpensive because of low production costs. To be able to compete with wild supplied leaves in the international market, we have evaluated high density plantings as a way to lower costs of a cultivated product by mechanizing harvest. High planting densities led to loweryielding individuals, but leaf yield per area increased. Plant height and the percentage of leaves in the harvested product was the same for densities of 8- and 16 plants m⁻². The leaves produced by cultivated boldo generally fulfill the requirements described in the European Pharmacopoeia. We conclude that boldo can be successfully cultivated under the described cultivation conditions.     

植物生物碱杀虫剂研究进展

综述了植物生物碱的种类、杀虫活性、杀虫作用方式与机理,分析了其市场需求和研究开发方向。     

从苦豆子种子中提取生物碱的方法研究

本实验对苦豆子种子中生物碱进行了提取、分离及苦参碱的定性和定量分析的研究。将苦豆子粉碎后,在室温下分别用0.4%盐酸、95%乙醇、1%氨水氯仿、无水乙醇溶剂冷浸7天共4次,经脱脂、酸化、碱化、萃取,得到生物碱;通过薄层层析（TLC）法进行单碱的分离,气相色谱（GC）法进行苦参碱的定性和定量分析。结果表明：以上4种提取方法出碱率分别为3.67%、2.73%、2.47%和1.60%;薄层层析（TLC）检查,以上4种方法提取的苦豆子生物碱中至少含有四种单一生物碱;气相色谱检测证明了以上4种方法提取的苦豆子生物碱中均含有苦参碱,其百分含量分别为8.460%、7.553%、5.675%、0.893%。其中0.4%盐酸冷浸提取法提取率明显高于其他溶剂提取率,为苦豆子生物碱优选提取方法。     

博落回生物碱对烟草蚜和豆蚜杀虫活性的研究

博落回总生物碱、总生物碱盐酸盐对烟草蚜虫、豆蚜虫都有比较强的毒杀作用,处理60 h,博落回总生物碱、总生物碱盐对烟草蚜虫半致死浓度LC50分别为274.5μg/mL和501.19μg/mL。博落回总生物碱(处理48 h)、博落回总生物碱盐(处理30 h)对豆蚜虫半致死浓度LC50分别为562.3μg/mL和380.2μg/mL。     

复合酶超声波法提取半边莲生物碱的工艺研究

[目的]研究复合酶超声波法提取半边莲生物碱的最佳工艺条件。[方法]以乙醇水溶液为提取剂,采用单因素试验及L16(45)正交试验考察纤维素酶用量、果胶酶用量、酶解温度、pH值和乙醇浓度等5个因素对半边莲中生物碱提取效果的影响。[结果]最佳提取工艺为:纤维素酶用量为24 mg,果胶酶用量为45 mg,酶解时间为30 min,pH值为5.4,乙醇浓度为70%;在此条件下,生物碱的含量为0.860%。[结论]该方法提取率高、稳定性好,可用于半边莲生物碱的提取。     

粗野鹿角珊瑚生物碱的体外抗菌活性研究

[目的]为获得低毒廉价的抗菌活性良好的化合物奠定基础。[方法]采用牛津杯法和试管二倍稀释法分别测定粗野鹿角珊瑚生物碱对溶珊瑚弧菌、塔氏弧菌、鲨鱼弧菌的敏感性、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并与环丙沙星进行比较。[结果]粗野鹿角珊瑚生物碱对3种弧菌的体外抗菌活性与环丙沙星相近。[结论]该研究可为进一步研究粗野鹿角珊瑚生物碱的结构及修饰提供参考,为开发新的渔药提供新思路。     

醉马草的有毒成分研究

本研究用溶剂提取法和阳离子交换树脂法首次从醉马草中提取、分离出一种生物碱成分,我们称其为醉马草毒素。动物毒性试验证明,醉马草毒素是醉马草的主要有毒成分。经元素分析及有机波谱分析确定了结构式。 马属动物按照10g/kg体重的剂量,一次灌服醉马草干粉或相当剂量的粗提物,即可引起与自然发病相同的急性中毒。症状主要表现为精神极度沉郁、翘尾,四肢无力,行走如醉,肌肉震颤,心跳加快,呼吸迫促等。     

豆类丝核菌中生物碱的提取及苦马豆素含量测定

将豆类丝核菌菌株 7-1、7-3接种于改良 Czapek′s培养基 ,置 2 5～ 2 7℃培养箱培养 1 4d。收集菌丝体 ,自然干燥后乙醇索氏提取 ,回收乙醇至糖浆状 ,H2 O∶ CH2 Cl2 (3∶ 1 ,v/v)萃取 ,水层调 p H1 0后 ,再用 H2 O∶CH2 Cl2 (3∶ 1 ,v/v)萃取 ,水层调 p H7,浓缩后上 73 2型强酸性阳离子交换树脂 ,用 1 mol/LNH4 OH洗脱 ,收集氨洗液 ,调 p H7,浓缩后冻干 ,得到一种浅黄色粉末。取苦马豆素标准品 1 0 0 μg及浅黄色粉末提取物 1 0mg,分别用 1 ml吡啶溶解 ,取 0 .1 ml加 BSTFA0 .1 ml,5 0℃水浴 3 0 min。取反应液 1 μl,直接进样作 GC。结果表明 ,在相同的气相色谱条件下 ,在相同出峰时间 (1 .2～ 8min)内 ,标准品的峰形与总生物碱的峰形完全一致 ,可以判定生物碱中含有苦马豆素。根据计算得出菌株 7-1、7-3生物碱中苦马豆素含量为 5 .90 3 mg/g和 7.0 0 6mg/g。