Effects of supplementation with green tea by‐products on growth performance,meat quality,blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation in goats

Forty‐eight castrated male goats were used to determine the effects of feeding green tea by‐products (GTB) on growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation. Experimental treatments consisted of basal diets supplemented with four levels of GTB (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% or 2.0%). Four replicate pens were assigned to each treatment with three goats per replicate. Increasing dietary GTB tended to linearly increase the overall average weight gain and feed intake (p = 0.09). Water holding capacity, pH and sensory attributes of meat were not affected by GTB supplementation, while cooking loss was reduced both linearly and quadratically (p < 0.01). The redness (linear; p = 0.02, quadratic; p < 0.01) and yellowness (quadratic; p < 0.01) values of goat meat were improved by GTB supplementation. Increasing dietary GTB quadratically increased protein and decreased crude fat (p < 0.05), while linearly decreased cholesterol (p = 0.03) content of goat meat. The proportions of monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n‐6 PUFA increased linearly (p < 0.01) and n‐3 PUFA increased quadratically (p < 0.05) as GTB increased in diets. Increasing dietary GTB linearly increased the PUFA/SFA (saturated fatty acid) and tended to linearly and quadratically increase (p ≤ 0.10) the n‐6/n‐3 ratio. The thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances values of meat were lower in the 2.0% GTB‐supplemented group in all storage periods (p < 0.05). Dietary GTB linearly decreased plasma glucose and cholesterol (p < 0.01) and quadratically decreased urea nitrogen concentrations (p = 0.001). The growth of spleen cells incubated in concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharides medium increased significantly (p < 0.05) in response to GTB supplementation. Our results suggest that GTB may positively affect the growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation when supplemented as a feed additive in goat diet.     

Anatomical variation of arterial supply to the rabbit spleen

The rabbit, which is widely used as an experimental animal and is also popular as a companion animal, has a flat and elongated spleen with the longitudinal hilus running along its visceral surface. The spleen receives via the hilus an arterial supply that is essential for splenic nutrition and normal functioning. However, the distribution and variation of the arteries to the spleen have not been studied in detail. This study investigated anatomical variations of splenic arterial supply in 33 New Zealand White rabbits with a colored latex injection into arteries. We also examined whether the length of the spleen correlated with the number of the splenic branches of the splenic artery. The splenic artery always arose as the first independent branch of the celiac artery and ran along the splenic hilus to usually provide 6 (range, 3 to 10) splenic branches to the spleen. There was a moderate correlation (R=0.6) between the number of splenic branches and the longitudinal length of the spleen. The splenic branches often arose as a trunk or trunks in common with short gastric arteries. The number of common trunk(s) was usually 1 (range, 0 to 4). The data showed that the pattern and number of arterial branches to the spleen varied according to the individual animal, suggesting that such variations should be considered when performing experimental and veterinary surgical treatments in rabbits.     

Cytopathological and histopathological diagnosis of canine splenic disorders

Objectives To determine (1) the common types of canine splenic disorders, and the breeds affected, that are diagnosed by cytopathological and histopathological examination in Sydney, Australia and (2) the accuracy of cytopathological examination compared with histopathological examination for the diagnosis of canine splenic disorders. Design 69 cytopathological and 51 histopathological diagnoses of canine splenic disorders presented to the Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, The University of Sydney during 2006 and 2007 were tabulated and analysed; 17 cases examined both cytopathologically and histopathologically during 2001–07 were also analysed. Results The most common cytopathological diagnoses were benign disorders of growth, vascular disturbances and necrosis (29%), followed by no abnormalities detectable (28%), malignant neoplasms (20%), equivocal diagnoses (20%) and inflammatory disorders (3%). The most common breeds were Kelpie crosses and mixed breeds. The most common histopathological diagnoses were benign disorders of growth, vascular disturbances and necrosis (49%), followed by malignant neoplasms (43%) and inflammatory disorders (8%). The most common breeds were German Shepherd Dogs, Boxers and Maltese Terriers. Cytopathological and histopathological diagnoses were in complete agreement in 59% of cases, partial agreement in 29% and disagreement in 12%. Conclusion Benign disorders of growth, vascular disturbances and necrosis were the most commonly diagnosed canine splenic disorders, both cytopathologically and histopathologically. Kelpie crosses presented most frequently for cytopathological examination. German Shepherd Dogs were the most common breed diagnosed histopathologically with haemangiosarcoma. Although cytopathological and histopathological splenic examinations are complementary for diagnosis, this study has shown a high correlation for complete and partial agreement between the two.     

羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌感染小鼠脾脏转录组分析

试验旨在探索羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌入侵宿主脾脏组织中引发的免疫应答途径。首先利用羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌(HN01菌株)感染小鼠,建立羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌感染的动物模型;之后利用转录组测序技术获得感染小鼠与正常小鼠的脾脏转录组数据,并使用COG、KOG、eggNOG、GO、KEGG数据库对测序结果中的差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)进行功能注释与分析,同时对于显著富集到关键免疫通路的差异表达基因使用STRING软件和KEGG mapper进行蛋白互作分析,筛选出核心通路中起关键作用的基因;最后选取关键的10个基因进行实时荧光定量RT-PCR验证。转录组分析结果显示,与正常组相比,感染组中筛选出3 380个差异表达基因(P<0.01,log₂|FoldChange|≥0.5),其中1 691个基因上调,1 689个下调。基因功能富集分析结果表明,感染组脾脏中的差异表达基因主要发挥信号转导的功能,其主要参与的生物途径包括细胞因子与细胞因子受体互作通路、趋化因子信号通路、HIF-1信号通路、TNF信号通路。蛋白互作分析筛选出约28个核心差异表达基因,结合实时荧光定量RT-PCR验证后,其中9个基因的表达结果与测序一致,分别是C3、Cd4、Cxcl13、Lck、Gnai1、Grap2、IL-6、Cxcr6及Serping1基因。本研究初步证明了脾脏在抵抗多杀性巴氏杆菌入侵中参与了一系列免疫应答反应,为进一步研究羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌与宿主之间相互作用的分子机制奠定理论基础。     

大鼠感染微小隐孢子虫后肝、脾和胰腺的病理学变化

60只SPF级SD大鼠随机分成地塞米松免疫抑制感染组和对照组（n=30）,免疫抑制感染组大鼠一次接种1×106个/L微小隐孢子虫卵囊液1mL,空白对照组接种1mL灭菌生理盐水。于试验结束后宰杀大鼠,立即解剖取肝脏、脾和胰腺,Bouin液固定,常规石蜡切片,HE染色,奥林巴斯显微摄影系统观察并显微摄影。结果显示：感染组大鼠肝脏组织肝小叶分界不明显,中央静脉淤血水肿,没有清晰的肝细胞索和肝血窦,呈空泡样病变;肝细胞广泛水泡变性和气球样变,肝血窦充血,肝小叶内有大的纤维性坏死灶。隐孢子虫感染可引起脾脏的脾小结体积变小,边缘区变薄,动脉周围淋巴鞘变薄,脾索变得狭窄、紧缩,脾窦内充血。试验组大鼠的胰腺组织胰岛缩小;内分泌细胞构成的卵圆形细胞团内毛细血管萎缩;胰岛细胞排列紊乱;腺泡细胞溶解变性。     

猪瘟活疫苗(脾淋源)污染外源性兔出血症病毒的检测与启示

在进行2批猪瘟活疫苗（脾淋源）效力检验时,出现效力检验家兔突然死亡现象,为了查明家兔死亡原因,采用无菌检验、支原体检验、血凝试验、兔体中和试验、酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对疫苗或注苗后死亡家兔肝脏、脾脏混合病料进行了检测。结果显示,疫苗的无菌检验、支原体检验结果均为阴性;疫苗及注射疫苗死亡家兔肝脏、脾脏混合病料具有较低的血凝价,血凝试验结果均为可疑;在兔体中和试验中,中和组家兔2／2健康存活,未中和的疫苗对照组家兔2／2死亡;疫苗及注射疫苗死亡后家兔肝脏、脾脏混合病料的ELISA检测结果均为阳性。检测结果证实疫苗中含有兔出血症病毒（Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus,RHDV）。猪瘟活疫苗（脾淋源）污染RHDV的现象启示：应该加强猪瘟活疫苗（脾淋源）抗原制备过程的控制;同时有必要对猪瘟活疫苗（脾淋源）质量标准进行修订使之进一步补充完善。     

CORRELATION OF ULTRASOUND FINDINGS,LIVER AND SPLEEN CYTOLOGY,AND PROGNOSIS IN THE CLINICAL STAGING OF HIGH METASTATIC RISK CANINE MAST CELL TUMORS

Cytologic sampling of the ultrasonographically normal spleen and liver is not implemented routinely in the clinical staging of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors and normal ultrasound findings are often accepted as sufficient evidence for ruling out splenic or liver metastasis. Our objective was to define the specificity and sensitivity of ultrasound findings for diagnosis of mast cell infiltration when verified with cytologic evaluation, and to define the prognostic role of cytologic evaluation of liver and splenic aspirates. Dogs with a diagnosis of clinically aggressive grade II, or grade III mast cell tumor treated with a combination vinblastine/CCNU chemotherapy protocol, were selected retrospectively based on availability of cytologic evaluation of spleen plus or minus liver for staging. Out of 19 dogs, 10 dogs had a grade II tumor and nine a grade III tumor. Seven dogs had mast cell infiltration of the spleen, liver, or both. The sensitivity of ultrasound for detecting mast cell infiltration was 43% for the spleen and 0% for the liver. Dogs with positive cytologic evidence of mast cell infiltration to spleen, liver, or both had significantly shorter survival (100 vs. 291 days) than dogs without evidence of mast cell infiltration (P<0.0001). Routine splenic aspiration should be performed regardless of ultrasonographic appearance in dogs with a clinically aggressive mast cell tumor.     

中华鳖脾脏雄激素受体mRNA 的原位杂交检测

采用原位杂交技术（In situ hybridization，ISH）研究雄激素受体（Androgen receptor，AR）mRNA在中华鳖（Pelodiseus Sinensis）脾脏的存在及细胞定位。取5只健康成年中华鳖的脾脏，进行石蜡切片。用地高辛标记的寡核苷酸探针对组织切片进行原位杂交（In situ hybridization，ISH），检测雄激素受体mRNA在脾脏免疫细胞内的表达定位。结果显示，大部分雄激素受体mRNA阳性细胞呈圆形或椭圆形，数量少胞体大且呈不规则形。阳性细胞在脾脏动脉周围淋巴鞘（Pefiatefial lymphatic sheath，PALS）和红髓（Red pulp，RP）内分布密集。椭球周围淋巴鞘（Periellipsoidal lymphatic sheath，PELS）内AR mRNA阳性细胞分布极少。杂交阳性信号物质在细胞质和细胞核均有分布。在标记为阳性的中华鳖脾脏中，推测圆形的阳性细胞可能为B淋巴细胞，而另一部分胞体大且形状不规则的阳性细胞则可能为巨噬细胞。脾脏内AR mRNA的存在进一步证实雄激素可能是调节脾脏等免疫器官功能的因素之一。[中国水产科学，2008，15（2）：337—341]     

H-Y抗血清的制备及检测研究

选用８ ～１２ 周龄纯系的 Ｂ Ａ Ｌ Ｂ／ Ｃ 母鼠， 用同日龄的 Ｂ Ａ Ｌ Ｂ／ Ｃ 公鼠采取皮肤移植和脾细胞注射２ 种方式免疫， 制备 Ｈ Ｙ 抗血清， 经精子微量细胞毒性试验， 筛选抗血清。皮肤移植５ 只小鼠中只有１ 只产生较好的抗血清， 脾细胞注射的４ 只小鼠都能产生较好的抗血清， 产生抗血清的小鼠占５５ ％ 。抗血清与昆明鼠正常８ｃｅｌｌ 早期桑椹胚培养５ ～６ 、１８ 和２４ ｈ 后， 退化率达４３３ ％ ， 经 Ｘ２ 检验差异不显著（ Ｐ ＞ ００５） ， 符合自然性比例。     

枳术丸水煎液对幼犬脾阳虚模型治疗作用研究

在观察枳术丸对脾阳虚幼犬模型的治疗作用基础上,比较3种不同剂量枳术丸水煎液的疗效,并研究其对幼犬胃酸分泌量和胃蛋白酶活性的影响。结果显示,枳术丸水煎液中剂量（含生药1.0g/mL）灌胃疗效最好,使幼犬采食量增加、体重恢复、血虚证指标改善最明显;其次为低剂量（含生药0.5g/mL）组;高剂量（含生药5.0g/mL）组和阳性对照组疗效最差;枳术丸水煎液中剂量提高幼犬胃酸分泌量和胃蛋白酶活性最明显。枳术丸水煎液对胃酸分泌量和胃蛋白酶活性的影响可能为其健脾作用机制。