马梨形虫病诊断技术研究现状

近年来马梨形虫病流行呈上升趋势,对马属动物产业的发展造成了极大的危害.因此,建立一种实时有效的检测方法就显得尤为重要.病原学诊断法、免疫学诊断法、分子生物学诊断方法的相继建立,为马梨形虫病的早期诊断提供了必要的手段.近年来单克隆抗体技术,DNA重组技术的应用,为该病的诊断提供了新的方法.     

我国出口观赏鸟血液原虫的调查与分析

通过显微镜检查对来源于全国各地的37种出口观赏鸟进行了血液原虫调查。共检查血样1144份，结果为：血液原虫的检出率为2．1％，主要是血变原虫和／或疟原虫。感染季节以秋冬两季为主，易感鸟品种主要是白腰文鸟、红喉歌鸲、蓝歌鸲、暗绿绣眼鸟、豆冠、白燕、情侣鹦鹉。     

Sarcocystid organisms found in bile from a dog with acute hepatitis: a case report and review of intestinal and hepatobiliary Sarcocystidae infections in dogs and cats

Sarcocystidae is a family of coccidian protozoa from the phylum Apicomplexa that includes Toxoplasma, Neospora, Sarcocystis, Hammondia, and Besnoitia spp. All species undergo a 2‐host sexual and asexual cycle. In the definitive host, replication is enteroepithelial, and infection is typically asymptomatic or less commonly causes mild diarrhea. Clinical disease is most frequently observed in the intermediate host, often as an aberrant infection, and is mostly associated with neurologic, muscular, or hepatic inflammation. Here, we review the literature regarding intestinal Sarcocystidae infections in dogs and cats, with emphasis on the life cycle stages and the available diagnostic assays and their limitations. We also report the diagnostic findings for an 11‐year‐old dog with acute neutrophilic hepatitis, biliary protozoa, and negative biliary culture. Although Toxoplasma and Neospora IgG titers were both high, PCR for these 2 organisms was negative for bile. The organisms were identified by 18S rDNA PCR as most consistent with Hammondia, either H heydorni or H triffittae. This is the first report of presumed Hammondia organisms being found in canine bile.     

添加不同水平烟酰胺对泌乳奶牛体外发酵的影响

采用体外发酵法,研究烟酰胺(NAM)添加水平对泌乳奶牛瘤胃体外发酵指标的影响,探讨NAM影响生产性能的机理.选取3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳荷尔斯坦奶牛作为体外培养的瘤胃液供体,采用单因素随机试验设计,共有5个处理,每种处理均设3个重复.其中,A组为对照组,仅以基础日粮为发酵底物,B、C、D和E组在基础日粮基础上分别添加3、6、9和12 mg/100 g NAM.结果表明,发酵4h内,pH值没有显著的变化(P＞0.05),发酵8h后,对照组和添加12 mg/100 g NAM组显著下降到正常水平下(P＜0.05).从原虫蛋白浓度来看,添加9和12 mg/100 g NAM组显著低于对照组,而添加3和6 mg/100 g NAM组数值上高于对照组,但是差异不显著(P＞0.05).综合分析得出结论:添加6 mg/100 g NAM,能够维持正常的pH值,促进瘤胃微生物生长,特别是瘤胃原虫的生长,这可能是生产中添加NAM能提高生产性能的原因.建议促进瘤胃体外发酵的烟酰胺的适宜添加剂量为6 mg/100 g.     

寄生原虫嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶研究进展

寄生原虫是一类单细胞寄生性原虫,包括利什曼原虫（Leishmania spp.）、锥虫（Trypanosoma spp.）、疟原虫（Plasmodium spp.）、刚地弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）、隐孢子虫（Cryptosporidium spp.）和艾美耳球虫（Eimeria spp.）等,可引起严重危害人类与动物健康以及对养殖业造成巨大经济损失的原虫病。寄生虫入侵宿主后的发育和繁殖需要大量的嘌呤核苷酸,相应的嘌呤碱基在嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶的催化下生成对 应的嘌呤核苷酸。嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶是一类参与嘌呤核苷酸补救合成的重要代谢酶,广泛存在于寄生原虫中。寄生原虫的嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶主要包括腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶和次黄嘌呤 - 鸟嘌呤 - 黄嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶,两者在寄生原虫中分别催化腺嘌呤核苷酸、次黄嘌呤核苷酸、鸟嘌呤核苷酸和黄嘌呤核苷酸合成,从而参与寄生原虫的多个生化代谢过程,不仅为寄生原虫核酸生物合成等提供前体物质,还为虫体提供通用能量载体。由于寄生原虫的嘌呤补救途径明显区别于宿主的从头合成途径,且嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶是寄生原虫嘌呤补救途径的关键酶,因而近年来寄生原虫嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶成为抗原虫药物候选靶标的研究热点,以寄生原虫嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶为潜在靶标,特异性筛选、设计抑制剂,并开发抗寄生原虫药物取得重要进展。以利什曼原虫、锥虫、疟原虫和弓形虫的嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶为重点,综述寄生原虫嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶的基本特征、生物学功能、抑制剂筛选与应用的研究进展,以期为抗寄生原虫药物靶标研究与新型抑制剂筛选提供参考。     

The Effect of Yucca schidigera Extract on Ruminal Fermentation and Parameters Traits in Sheep

In a completely randomized block design experiment, 16 ruminally cannulated sheep (40 ± 2.1 kg)fed a 50% concentrate 50% forage diet (DM basis) were given intraruminal doses of powdered Yucca schidigera extract (YSE). Doses of 0 (control), 100, 200, or 300 mg kg-1 diet were given at 8 p.m. and 4 a.m. On 15, 16, and 17 d of the experimental period, ruminal contents were sampled 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after dosing, and blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment (18th and 19th d). Acidity was not affected (P＞0.05) by the addition of YSE. Compared with the control, ruminal propionate concentration was increased by 29.4 and 29.8% (P＞0.05) and the acetic acid concentration was decreased by 15.1 and 19.8% (P＞0.05) at 4 and 6 h after YSE (300 mg kg-1) dosing, respectively. Ruminal ammonia concentration in the first 2 h after feeding was higher (P＜0.05) in the sheep that did not receive YSE (increased by 17.57 mg 100 mL-1) than in those that received 200 mg kg-1 (increased by 6.77 mg 100 mL-1) or 300 mg kg-1 (increased by 6.50 mg 100 mL-1) YSE. Protozoan populations in the rumen were lower (P ＜ 0.05) in the animals that received 300 mg kg-1 of YSE compared with the control. All serum parameters of the four groups were in the normal range and were similar among the treatment groups (P＞0.05), after being fed for 19 d with different doses of YSE. The effect of YSE on ruminal ammonia concentration likely resulted from a decreased concentration of protozoan populations and, presumably, from ammonia binding by YSE.     

苯扎溴铵治疗斑鳜聚缩虫病试验

本文报道了网箱斑鳜聚缩虫病的主要症状、流行情况及用苯扎溴铵溶液(5%)室内外药浴治疗试验结果.结果表明:在水温11℃～20℃条件下,用苯扎溴铵溶液药浴15～30min,浓度在100～800mg/1均无效,1500mg/1以上可有效杀死聚缩虫.     

Endoparasites of the Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)

There have been few reports on the diversity and prevalence of parasitic fauna of the endangered Siberian tiger, which inhabits the territory of the Russian Far East. The present review attempts to summarize the information about the parasitic fauna of wild Siberian tigers, which includes 15 helminths and 3 protozoan species. The most prevalent parasitic species was found to be Toxocara cati, followed by Toxascaris leonina. Another commonly recorded Platyhelminth species is Paragonimus westermani, which causes a lethal infection of the lung parenchyma in Siberian tigers. However, the information about infections by this fluke in the Siberian tigers is scarce, although P. westermani infections pose a serious health hazard to tiger populations. The nematodes Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Thominx aerophilus are found in Siberian tigers with an occurrence rate of 2.3% and 19%, respectively. The information on the parasitic infestations of captive populations of Siberian tigers is also presented along with the sources of infection and hazards for the wild tiger populations in their natural environment.