双马来海松酸酯多元醇的合成研究

利用马来海松酸中酸酐和羧基反应活性的差异，合成了两种类型的双马来海松酸酯多元醇．测试了酯化产物的分子量、聚合度、粘度、羟值和官能度等理化参数；并对各产物的耐热性和红外光谱进行了讨论．研究结果表明，所有酯化产物均可作为耐热的多元醇原料使用．     

二丁酰环腺苷酸的合成与性质研究

以ATP为原料采用化学方法合成了dbcAMP及其钠盐 ,并对其理化性质和吸收特性进行了研究。经质谱分析 ,其结构为C18H2 3 N5O8PNa ,分子量为 4 90 .0 ;经紫外光谱测定其含量为 96 .0 % ,产品的得率为 85 .6 %。dbcAMP钠盐为白色粉末 ,可溶于水与乙醇 ,对热和酸碱比较稳定。经饲料添加和皮下注射dbcAMP检测其经消化道和皮下吸收的性能。通过测定饲喂和皮下注射dbcAMP后 0 .5h、1～ 96h不同时间内血液dbcAMP的浓度表明 ,饲料添加在 3h内达到最大浓度 84 .75pmol/mL ,皮下注射在 2h内达到最大浓度 92 .96pmol/mL ,之后血液中dbcAMP的浓度逐渐下降 ,在 96h达到较低水平。     

青海省海东市不同等级降水和旱涝关系研究

青海省海东市是青海省重要的粮食生产基地,干旱直接影响着农业的有序发展。利用1961—2015年青海省海东市5个气象站逐日降水资料,笔者分析各级雨量和雨日及Z指数的变化趋势,并研究各级雨量和雨日对旱涝的影响。结果表明：（1）夏（冬）半年降水以小雨（雪）和中雨（雪）为主;夏半年小雨和大到暴雨（中雨）的雨量及雨日呈减小（增加）趋势,冬半年各级雨量及雨日均呈减小趋势;（2）夏、冬半年Z指数均表现为不显著的减小趋势;（3）采用偏相关系数和相对贡献率分析,夏半年中雨和大到暴雨雨量及雨日对Z指数有显著的影响,冬半年小雪的雨量和雨日对Z指数变化影响最大;（4）采用合成分析法的标准化值,在偏涝年,各级雨量和雨日基本都为正值,夏半年差异主要表现在大到暴雨和中雨雨量和雨日,而冬半年差异主要表现在小雪雨量和雨日;在偏旱年,各级降水雨量和雨日基本都为负值,夏半年差异主要表现在中雨雨量和雨日,冬半年差异主要表现在小雪和中雪雨量和雨日。     

不同颜色果袋对李果实着色及花色素苷合成的影响因素分析

以大石早生李为试材,研究了不同颜色的果袋对李(Prunus salicina Lindl.)果实外观色泽、花色素苷含量的影响,并探讨了果实中糖酸含量、PAL(苯丙氨酸氨解酶)和UFGT(类黄酮葡糖苷转移酶)酶活性与花色素苷合成的关系。结果表明,果袋的透光率与果皮外观色泽有密切关系,透光率越高,a*越大,果皮颜色越红。白色果袋与对照、红袋与黄袋果实外观无显著差异,白袋与红袋,黑袋(完全不透光)与黄袋,红袋与黄袋处理之间的果实外观色泽存在显著差异。果实成熟时果皮中花色素苷含量与纸袋的透光率呈正比,波长580nm以上橙、红光的透光率与果皮中花色素苷含量相关系数r>0.99。在不同颜色果袋影响果实成熟时果皮的糖酸积累方面:不同颜色果袋对果肉中糖酸含量无显著影响,果皮的糖含量与花色素苷含量亦无显著相关性,但成熟时果皮中酸含量与花色素苷含量呈显著正相关(r=0.9815*)。不同颜色果袋影响PAL、UFGT酶活性,果实成熟时不同果袋PAL酶活性与花色素苷含量相关性显著(r=0.9613*),UFGT酶活性与花色素苷含量相关性显著(r=0.9365*)。     

实现连架杆给定角位移的机构综合方

对于给定的两连架杆4组对应角位移,可综合得到无穷多个机构解,要求设计者快速、准确地从中选取位置点、综合出满足各项设计要求的最优机构比较困难.为此,根据映射理论,提出把无限的布氏曲线所形成的无穷多机构解表示在有限的区间内,进而通过机构解分析得到感兴趣的所有机构属性直观图,包括机构的类型分布、缺陷分布、最小传动角和杆长比等.同时,为避免位置点及机构选取的盲目性,可考虑施加约束条件构成可行机构解区间,在此区间上绘制机构性能分析图,并确定满足实际工程需要的最优机构解.     

畦田Philip入渗参数和田面综合糙率同步推求

以水量平衡原理为基础,通过对畦灌地表水面线的概化,并将Philip入渗公式等同为α=0.5的Kostiakov修正模型,由此建立了利用畦灌水流推进过程同步推求Philip土壤入渗参数和田面综合糙率的模型.结合文献资料和大田试验对所建模型进行验证,并采用Matlab软件求解,得出不同地表储水形状系数σh下的入渗参数和糙率,并分别对入渗参数和田面综合糙率的可靠性进行了验证,结果表明所建模型同步推求土壤入渗参数和田面综合糙率是可靠的,并且计算方便,精度较高.     

新型饲料添加剂—7—异丙氧基异黄酮的合成

７－异丙氧基异黄酮为一种新型饲料添加剂。用间苯二酚与苯乙酸直接酰化制得２，４二羟基苯基苄基酮，在吗啉、吡啶存在条件下与原甲酸三乙酯反应环合，再与乙－溴丙烷反应生成７－异丙氧基异黄酮，总收率为５６％。     

Synthesis of dihydroxyphenacyl glycosides for biological and medicinal study: β-oxoacteoside from Paulownia tomentosa

The protected structure of -oxoacteoside (tomentoside A), 2-oxo-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl--l-rhamnopyranosyl)-4-O-caffeoyl--d-glucopyranoside 14 was synthesized in 14% overall yield in 11 steps, starting from d-glucose for biological and medicinal studies of phenylpropanoid glycosides. The first step was the preparation of a 3-O-rhamnopyranosyl disaccharide sugar core 2 from a suitably protected rhamnosyl trichloroacetimidate 10 and glucose derivative (diacetone-d-glucose 1) in 71% yield. To the glucose moiety of this sugar core, several protection/deprotection procedures were performed sequentially to obtain a fully acetylated sugar core 7 with a 4-OH group on the glucose moiety, in 57% yield in five steps. Thereafter, to the 4-OH group of the glucose moiety, selective 4-O-caffeoylation was achieved by proton-transfer esterification with 3,4-di-O-allylcaffeic acid 16 to give the caffeoyl disaccharide 11 in 97% yield. Then, it was converted to trichloroacetimidate 13 for a glycosylation donor in 90% in two steps. Finally, anomeric glycosylation was conducted with 2-oxo-2-(3,4-di-allyloxyphenyl)ethyl alcohol 19 with catalytic amounts of BF₃·Et₂O to give 2-oxo-2-(3,4-di-allyloxyphenyl)ethyl 2,6-di-O-acetyl-3-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl--l-rhamnopyranosyl)-4-O-(3,4-di-allyloxycaffeoyl)--d-glucopyranoside 14 in 60% yield. Deprotected intermediates of compounds 2, 11, 14, and 19 which were obtained in high yield would be useful for biological and medicinal studies of phenylpropanoid glycosides.Part of this study was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April, 2002     

中国对虾卵黄蛋白原合成部位的研究

十足目甲壳类卵巢中卵黄的来源,在过去的几十年研究中一直存在争议,内源性合成和外源性合成都有报道。本文以雌性中国对虾为实验材料,根据组织学观察确定其发育阶段,试验虾可以分为:卵巢未发育期;卵黄发生前期;初级卵黄发生期和次级卵黄发生期4个时期。从处于不同卵巢发育期对虾的卵巢和肝胰腺中提取总RNA,用RT-PCR的方法初步探讨不同发育期的中国对虾卵巢和肝胰腺中卵黄蛋白原mRNA的表达,确定是否存在卵黄蛋白原的合成功能。结果发现,从卵巢未发育期到次级卵黄发生期的卵巢和肝胰腺中都有卵黄蛋白原mRNA的表达,说明二者为卵黄蛋白的合成部位。     

Effects of the protein/carbohydrate ratio of extruded diets on protein synthesis, protein growth and body composition in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta)

High levels of protein in fish feeds result in higher costs and nitrogen waste. Therefore, studies focused on protein substitution by alternative energy sources are necessary. Here we examine whether the protein:carbohydrate ratio in extruded diets affects protein-turnover parameters and the main tissue components in brown trout. Juvenile fish were adapted to two extruded diets: one higher in protein and lower in carbohydrate, C: 45/28 and the other higher in carbohydrate and lower in protein, HC: 37/40. Gross energy was 19 MJ kg⁻¹ DM in both diets. Protein and lipid digestibility were high and similar in both groups (≈90%), whereas total and carbohydrate digestibility and digestible energy were lower in the HC-fed group than in the C-fed group. Consequently, when fish were adapted to the diets, plasma levels of glucose and insulin differed between diets. HC-group presented higher plasma glucose levels and lower plasma insulin levels than C-group. Protein synthesis rates in white muscle, liver and whole body did not differ significantly between diets. In contrast, protein accretion rate of white muscle and whole body were significantly lower in the HC group, indicating an increase of protein degradation in these tissues and a decrease of synthesis retention efficiency. In spite of the daily protein intake of HC group was lower than C-group, the anabolic stimulation efficiency was increased by 34% in HC group. Protein and lipid contents in white muscle and liver were stable throughout the experiment. No hepatomegalia or increased fat deposition was observed in fish fed HC. Differences in specific growth rates (C: 0.88%; HC: 0.77%) were associated more with the lower protein consumption rate and the lower level of digestible energy in fish fed HC than with the higher dietary carbohydrate content of the diet.