Neuroprotective Metabolites from Vietnamese Marine Derived Fungi of Aspergillus and Penicillium Genera

Low molecular weight secondary metabolites of marine fungi Aspergillus flocculosus, Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium sp. from Van Phong and Nha Trang Bays (Vietnam) were studied and a number of polyketides, bis-indole quinones and terpenoids were isolated. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques. Stereochemistry of some compounds was established based on ECD data. A chemical structure of asterriquinone F (6) was thoroughly described for the first time. Anthraquinone (13) was firstly obtained from a natural source. Neuroprotective influences of the isolated compounds against 6-OHDA, paraquat and rotenone toxicity were investigated. 4-Hydroxyscytalone (1), 4-hydroxy-6-dehydroxyscytalone (2) and demethylcitreoviranol (3) have shown significant increasing of paraquat- and rotenone-treated Neuro-2a cell viability and anti-ROS activity.     

红蓝LED光照强度对茶树生长及生物化学成分的影响

以‘黔湄601’一年生茶树苗为试材,光量比为1∶3的LED红蓝光作为光源,探讨不同光照强度对茶树幼苗生长特性的影响、光合色素及生物化学成分的变化趋势,探索茶树苗生长发育对光强的响应机制。采用LED精准调节光质和光强,设置50μmol·m-2·s-1、100μmol·m-2·s-1、150μmol·m-2·s-1、200μmol·m-2·s-14个处理。结果表明,不同光强处理15 d后,50μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度有利于茶树叶色素含量的增加及Ca/Cb值的降低;100μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度有利于茶树叶茶多酚含量的降低及氨基酸含量的增加,酚氨比值最低;150μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度对茶树叶重增加有促进作用;200μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度有利于茶树叶茶多酚含量的增加和氨基酸、光合色素含量的减少;酚氨比值最高,光合色素含量最低。红蓝LED光照强度过低、过高都不利于茶叶品质形成,综合考虑,100μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度最有利于茶叶功能成分的积累,是茶叶LED光源设施栽培的理想光照强度。本研究结果对于设施茶树种植具有重要的参考意义。     

古柏赤枯病病原菌的研究

经Ｋｏｃｈ＇ｓ法则检验证明，ＡｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａｔｅｎｕｉｓＮｅｅｓ（细链格孢霉）是北京地区古柏赤枯病的病原菌。它引起古柏针叶及嫩梢的大量死亡。２—３年生桧柏及侧柏苗经人工接种证明，该病菌有较强的致病力，它还侵染某些种类的杨树。该病潜育期为５—６天。对病菌生物学特性也作了研究。病原菌生长和孢子萌发最适温度为２５℃Ｆ相对湿度在９０％以上；最适ｐＨ值为６；葡萄糖、淀粉、蛋白胨、谷氨酸为该菌纯培养的优良营养源。     

不同稳定剂对胭脂萝卜红色素稳定性的影响

天然胭脂萝卜红色素属于花青素类化合物,性质不稳定。笔者以新鲜胭脂萝卜(Raphnussativuscv.)肉质根为原料,提取胭脂萝卜红色素,选择常用的5种稳定剂对其稳定性进行研究,从而确定出最佳的稳定剂及其用量。研究结果发现0.03%维生素C、0.03%谷氨酸、0.03%柠檬酸能明显地延缓其颜色变化,0.03%维生素C 0.03%柠檬酸的组合对该色素的稳定效果最佳;进一步研究确定维生素C和柠檬酸的最佳用量分别为0.04%和0.08%。     

海岛棉综合性状数据库的研制及应用

本文详细介绍了300份海岛棉种质材料的30个性状记录所建立的综合性状数据库系统的数据来源,软件设计思想,系统功能和特点,数据库管理和统计分析两个子系统间的通讯。该系统的研制对海岛棉种质资源的加工利用和育种工作提供了大量重要信息。     

氮肥对红三叶和鸭茅草地生产性能影响的研究

本文对红三叶和鸭茅单、混播草地对施氮肥的反应情况进行了研究，发现氮肥对鸭茅的株高、分蘖及产草量具明显的促进作用，而红三叶对氮肥的反应则不十分明显。同时施肥后，单播处理牧草的产量增幅比混播处理大。试验结果还表明，鸭茅和红三叶产量与施氮肥量均呈指数关系。通过对单播鸭茅和混播草地总产对氮肥的反应规律进行分析，可以把混播草地对氮肥的利用情况及氮肥对该草地中红三叶固氮作用影响的变化规律分为３类：第１类为混播草地投入最低氮肥量，草地生产力较低，此时红三叶能提供较高氮素价值量；第２类，混播草地投入中等氮肥量，草地生产力中等，但红三叶提供氮素的价值量减小；第３类，投入较高氮肥量，但红三叶失去提供氮素价值。本试验显示，从经济效益角度考虑，对混播草地以少施氮肥为好，特别是在０～０．３ｔ／ｈａ范围内较为适宜。     

SH系砧木及对应中间砧红富士苹果枝条水分输导阻力研究

为进一步揭示砧木的矮化机理 ,以SH系矮化砧木及相应中间砧红富士苹果为试材 ,在生长季测定砧木枝条及嫁接部位的水分输导阻力。结果表明 ,SH系砧木枝条及嫁接部位的水分输导阻力 ,随砧木矮化程度的升高而增大 ,表明水分输导阻力的增加 ,是导致嫁接树矮化的原因之一。     

红三叶的研究和利用

结合国内外有关红三叶研究和利用的科研成果，对红三叶的价值，品种分类，生长特性，混播和施肥技术及利用特点进行了综合分析，指出红三叶在我国，特别是南方地区具有很大的栽培推广潜力。     

Does matrix resistance influence Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris L. 1758) distribution in an urban landscape?

In determining isolation effects in fragmented populations, the landscape matrix is not often considered. Usually simple distance measures are used to quantify degree of isolation. We tested the effect of the matrix on the presence of red squirrels in 354 wooded patches in the Brussels Region, by comparing several isolation measures. These were 1) distance to the nearest source patch, 2) the Hanski-measure (a combination of distance to and size of all possible sources), 3) effective distances calculated from different least cost models using the ArcView grid extension ‘Cost Distance’ (a combination of distance and resistance of the landscape, with different resistances for different landscape types) and 4) some combinations of the Hanski-measure and the effective distances. Size and quality of the target patches were always included in the tests of the predictive power of different isolation measures on squirrel presence/absence. All variables examined (patch size, quality and isolation) significantly influenced squirrel presence. Models using the effective distances gave the best results. Models including the Hanski-measure improved significantly when Euclidean distance was replaced by effective distance, showing that parameterisation of matrix resistance added significant additional explanatory power when modelling squirrel presence. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.