The effects of utilization of hazelnut oil,sunflower oil and their products on performance and fatty acid composition of yolk in layer hens

This research has been performed to determine the effects of hazelnut crude oil, sunflower crude oil and its refinery by-products over the laying hens performance and the fatty acid composition of the egg’s yolk. Four hundreds 36-week-old Nick Brown layer hens were allocated into five groups. Treatment groups were supplemented with 1.5% of sunflower crude oil, hazelnut crude oil, acidulated sunflower soapstock, acidulated hazelnut soapstock and acidulated hazelnut crude oil. The daily feed consumption for groups that were fed with crude oils were numerically improved as compared for those nourished with acidulated soapstocks. Although the percentages of cracked and broken eggs in acidulated hazelnut soapstock group was significantly higher than the other groups, daily feed consumption and egg production values were not different. The usage of acidulated hazelnut soapstock reduced the percentage of intact egg ratio. Egg’s specific gravity and yolk color index were the highest level throughout the experiment from start to end in hazelnut crude oil group (p < 0.05). In group that was nourished by hazelnut oil, Omega 3/Omega-6 fatty acid ratios in egg yolk were higher than the groups that were fed with sunflower oil. The oleic acid content of the egg yolk was increased in the groups which were supplemented with hazelnut crude oil and acidulated hazelnut crude oil. Consequently, hazelnut crude oil and acidulated hazelnut crude oil improved the egg shell quality, yolk color index and yolk oleic acid value which would increase egg’s shelf life. On the other hand acidulated hazelnut soapstock supplementation adversely affects the quality of egg shell.     

家蚕一代杂交种成品卵微粒子病检疫抽样检查存在问题及解决方案

利用近年来集团抽样检查接收概率函数的研究成果,分析了家蚕一代杂交种成品卵微粒子病检疫抽样检查在信赖度的估算、集团检出率的考虑和样本量大小等方面存在的问题,提出了成品卵微粒子病检疫抽样检查方案制定的基本原则和相应的改进方案。新方案考虑了集团检出率、样本的代表性等问题,通过增加检验集团内的个体数减少了检验工作量,使消费者风险和生产者风险都得到有效控制。     

控制原蚕♀♂性别比例对制种量及卵质的影响

采用人工控制♀性别比例的方法,对家蚕限性斑纹品种原蚕进行了不同性别比例下的制种量研究.结果表明,提高原蚕中的♀蚕比例,可以大幅度提高斤茧制种量.当♀、比例为2.2∶1时,与常规比例1∶1相比,斤茧制种量提高37%以上,蛾不存在交配问题,而且对后代卵质的影响差异不显著.但随着二交雄蛾的增加,不产卵♀蛾的比例也会增加,与增加的产卵量相比,其负效应可以忽略不计.同时,提出了生产中通过饲养限性斑纹品种871及陕蚕三号795×122、适当增加限性品种收蚁量、淘汰部分白蚕()的人工调控原蚕♀、性别的方法及操作注意事项.     

茶毛虫卵空间分布及抽样技术研究

采用聚集度指标、Iwao法和Taylord法等对茶毛虫卵的空间分布型进行调查和分析.结果表明,茶毛虫卵在田间呈聚集分布,其聚集原因可以由环境条件引起,也可以由茶毛虫本身的习性引起.在此基础上得出其理论抽样模型为n=t2/D2 ·0.063 7（x）-0.2108.     

Development of wolffish eggs at different temperature regimes

Embryonic development of common wolffish (Anarhichas lupus L.) was studied at constant temperatures 5.0, 7.0, 9.0, 11.0, 13.0 and 15.0°C. Duration of development from egg activation to several morphological stages including 50% hatching was determined. At 5.0–11.0°C, the survival rate of eggs to hatching ranged from 51 to 88% with a tendency to increase at 5.0 and 7.0°C. Morphological anomalies, bacterial contamination and large mortalities were observed in eggs incubated at 13.0 and 15.0°C. The period of hatching lasted from 10 to 50 d in different egg groups. Embryo length and yolk sac volume at identical morphological stages of development showed only slight relation to temperature. At lower temperatures newly hatched larvae were longer and at more advanced stages of ontogeny. Normal numbers of fin rays in larvae (mean values 74 for dorsal fin and 46 for anal fin) were observed at 5.0 and 7.0°C and in most larvae at 9.0°C. At 11.0 and 13.0°C, many rays were absent, with mean values for dorsal fin 60 and 39 respectively and for anal fin 28 and 4 respectively. The approximate upper limit for normal development of fin rays appeared to be 9.0 °C.     

多鳞鱚早期发育形态

多鳞的受精卵在水温２０．５～２０．８℃，经２ｈ３００ｍｉｎ发育到多细胞期；４ｈ为囊胚期；１８ｈ３０ｍｉｎ原口关闭、胚体形成；３６ｈ３０ｍｉｎ仔鱼孵化。初孵仔鱼全长１．５６～１．６４ｍｍ，油球在印黄囊后下方。孵化后２１～３１ｈ，肛门开口于体外，胸结芽形成，尾鳍膜出现弹性丝。５０ｈ仔鱼全长２．３４ｍｍ，口完全张开，口裂０．１０ｍｍ。７２ｈ仔鱼全长２．５１ｍｍ，卵黄完全被吸收，油球吸收殆尽。口、咽、胃和肠相通。胸鳍条４根，尾部弹性丝２０余根。９８ｈ仔鱼全长２．６５ｍｍ，印黄、油球完全被吸收，口裂０．２２ｍｍ。     

Successful storage and transport of eggs of the white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes Lereboullet)

Embryonated eggs of theEuropean native white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes Lereboullet weresubjected to three periods of storage usingpolystyrene boxes and, afterwards, artificiallyincubated. At the end of the longest storage(42 days) survival rate was 98.3%, with 65%developed to stage 2 juvenile. Differentstorage periods allowed the staggeredproduction of juvenile batches within a monthperiod. The same containers used for storagewere also suitable for transport.     

Carbohydrate Metabolism of Vitellogenic Follicles and Eggs of Serranus cabrilla (Serranidae) and Mullus barbatus (Mullidae) and of Embryos of Sparus aurata (Sparidae)

The present study compared the carbohydrate metabolism of pelagic eggs of three marine species, Serranus cabrilla (Serranidae), Mullus barbatus (Mullidae) and Sparus aurata (Sparidae). In particular, in Serranus cabrilla and Mullus barbatus the changes in carbohydrate metabolism from the vitellogenic follicle stage to the ovulated egg stage (final maturation of the egg) were investigated, and in Sparus aurata the changes from the unfertilized egg stage to the late-embryo stage just before hatching were observed. In mature, unfertilized eggs of these three species the qualitative and quantitative composition of carbohydrates, enzymes and metabolites were similar, indicating no differences in carbohydrate metabolism. Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway occurred in the follicles and eggs. From the vitellogenic follicle stage to the mature egg stage glycolytic activity was constant in S. cabrilla and M. barbatus, while the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway and of gluconeogenesis decreased. Quantitative carbohydrate composition changed as the levels of hexose, ketose, 6-deoxyhexose, uronic acid and fructose-6-phosphate increased from the vitellogenic follicle stage to the mature egg stage, while the levels of D-glycerate-2-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate decreased. In S. aurata, the investigated parameters of carbohydrate metabolism were similar between unfertilized eggs and eggs in the first cleavage stage. From the first cleavage stage to the late embryo stage the levels of hexose, 2-deoxyhexose, ketose, ribose, uronic acid and phosphoenolpyruvate increased, while the levels of D-glycerate-2-phosphate decreased.     

不同贮藏条件鸡蛋的脂类过氧化作用

本文以ＴＢＡ光度法分析了不同贮藏条件下鸡蛋脂类的过氧化作用,并分析了温度、氧对过氧化作用的影响。结果表明,在贮藏条件下,鸡蛋蛋黄中伴有明显的脂类过氧化过程。脂类过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）的水平随贮藏时间的延长而不断增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）,但蛋清中的ＬＰＯ在贮藏过程中没有明显的变化。低温和缺氧可明显抑制鸡蛋脂类的过氧化作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

条纹锯鮨精子超微结构及其入卵过程的电镜观察

采用扫描和透射电镜技术对自然成熟的条纹锯精子、卵子及精子入卵过程进行观察。观察结果显示,其精子由头部、中段和尾部三部分组成:头部主要由细胞核构成,无顶体结构;中段由线粒体、中心粒复合体(近端中心粒和基体)、袖套组成;尾部主要由轴丝组成,外部包裹质膜,轴丝为典型的"9+2"结构。卵子表面分布纵横交错的网纹,均匀分布着大小不一的微小孔,在卵壳的动物极精孔区的中央有一个受精孔。在授精后10 s即可见到精子通过受精孔进入卵子,刺激卵子发生形态变化封闭受精孔,阻止其他精子入卵,60 s可见受精孔完全封闭。