Ambient TSP concentration and dustfall variation in Urumqi,China

Total suspended particulate(TSP, particle diameter≤100 μm) was the dominant air pollutant and significantly influenced local air quality. In this paper, we investigated the interannual and seasonal variations of TSP and dustfall of the atmosphere over Urumqi, the capital city of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, northwestern China, basing on environmental monitoring records and meteorological data from 1986–2012. The results showed that during the study period, annual average TSP concentration decreased from 716 to 260 μg/m3, with an average level of 422.9 μg/m3, while dustfall intensity reduced from 350.4 to 166.6 t/(km2?a), with an average level of 259 t/(km2?a). Over 50% of the annual pollution days were induced mainly by TSP. Spring and winter had relatively higher dustfall intensities, and dense traffic and residential areas had the highest dustfall intensities in the Urumqi metropolitan area. With an annual average precipitation of less than 300 mm, atmospheric particulates in Urumqi could be hardly removed through wet deposition. During spring and summertime prevailing winds from northwest and northeast could carry aeolian dust particles from sandy deserts to Urumqi. Aeolian dusts from deserts would remain to be a priority regarding air pollution control in arid oasis cities.     

江苏城市职业学院空气质量综合评价

对江苏城市职业学院3个校区的空气质量进行监测,用空气污染指数API和空气质量指数AQI对二氧化硫、氮氧化物、总悬浮颗粒物这3种污染物进行了综合的评价.结果显示:2种评价方法结论相似,即3个校区空气质量状况均为良,可正常活动,首要污染物均为总悬浮颗粒物.3个校区均是门卫和食堂污染较为严重,AQI分析结果显示门卫属于轻度污染区域.     

空气总悬浮颗粒物浓度的遥感信息模型研究

空气总悬浮颗粒物遥感信息模型是使用遥感信息模型的方法来模拟空气总悬浮颗粒物在空间上的分布。通过对空气总悬浮颗粒物来源和分布影响的因子分析,认为地表覆盖情况因子对空气总悬浮颗粒物来源影响最大,降雨强度和风速因子对空气总悬浮颗粒物分布影响最大,因此根据此三个因子建立了空气总悬浮颗粒物遥感信息模型。然后根据对厦门市高分辨遥感的分类数据和空气总悬浮颗粒物的分布数据得到了空气总悬浮颗粒物遥感信息模型的地理参数。通过对公式结果验证认为该模型较好的模拟了空气总悬浮颗粒的分布,为空气总悬浮颗粒物浓度的分布研究提出一种新思路。     

秸秆碎料制备作业场所可吸入颗粒物的评估

针对发电厂的稻草碎料备料工段,通过筛分法测定了物科颗粒的粒径和分布,同时测定了作业场所空气中PM10的浓度,及其中PM2.5所占的比例.结果显示:作业场所空气中的PM10浓度远高于国家标准的规定值,且其中PM2.5所占的比例达0.01％.建议在作业场所设置合理的除尘装置.     

怎样建绿色果园

无公害果品生产，要求地域条件、大气质量、土壤质量和农业灌溉水质必须符合相关的质量标准。我国目前实施的农业行业标准《无公害食品》，对部分无公害果品的产地环境有明确的规定。要求应在生态环境良好、远离污染源，并具有持续生产能力的农业生产区域；对大气中二氧化硫、氮氧化物、氟化物、总悬浮颗粒物，对不同土壤和不同深度土壤中汞、铬、铅、砷、镉、铜等含量对农田灌溉水中pH值、总汞、总铅、氯化物、氟化物、氰化物等含量，都有严格的标准限量。因此，建立绿色果园，必须严格按照无公害果品对产地环境的质量标准执行。     

5种滤食性贝类对牙鲆的粪便、残饵及网箱养殖区沉降物的摄食行为

采用室内静水法,研究了虾夷扇贝、栉孔扇贝、长牡蛎、紫贻贝及菲律宾蛤仔对不同浓度、质量的牙鲆粪便、残饵、沉降物的摄食行为,从摄食生理角度,分析了基于滤食性贝类的鱼+贝IMTA养殖模式的可能性。研究结果显示,这5种贝类对鱼粪、残饵及网箱周围沉降物都可摄食,但是,不同贝类对食物可获得性的反应不同。菲律宾蛤仔、长牡蛎、栉孔扇贝的摄食率显著高于其它2种贝类;5种贝类的吸收率、吸收效率无显著性差异。不同饵料对贝类的摄食行为影响显著。吸收效率(AE)都随有机物含量的增加而增大;对有机物的吸收率(AR)与有机物浓度(POM)呈线性正相关关系。颗粒物TPM浓度达到26.24,21.64,27.00 mg/L时,长牡蛎、栉孔扇贝、虾夷扇贝会产生假粪来调节摄入的能量。在牙鲆+滤食性贝类的IMTA养殖模式中,菲律宾蛤仔、长牡蛎、栉孔扇贝是比较好的候选种。     

规模化猪场舍区空气污染及预警

通过对山西部分规模化猪场舍区空气主要污染物氨气(NH3)、二氧化碳(CO2)和总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)进行监测试验,并对其不同浓度变化与猪病发生进行研究分析。结果表明,当猪舍空气环境中,氨气平均值为10mg/m3,TSP平均值为2 mg/m3,二氧化碳平均值为3 000 mg/m3时,猪群基本无疾病发生情况;当猪舍主要污染物浓度值区间氨气在10~20mg/m3之间、TSP在2~3mg/m3之间、二氧化碳在3 000~5000mg/m3之间时,猪群则会出现发病情况,发病率多在10%以下;当监测对象浓度值区间氨气在20~60mg/m3之间、TSP在3~6 mg/m3之间、二氧化碳在5 000~10 000mg/m3之间时,则猪群发病率多为10%~35%,甚至更高。在此基础上,初步制定出了山西规模化猪场舍区空气主要污染物预警级别。     

用环境质量评价造林绿化成效方法初探

为了探讨评价造林绿化成效的方法，我们以兰州市市区与南北两山绿化区为例，在市区与南北两山绿化区分别设立观测点，对二氧化硫(SO2)、氮氧化物(NOx)、总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)及环境噪声等环境质量因子进行了对比测量和分析评价。     

延安市近年来治理大气污染的效果分析

以1993-2003年的大气环境监测数据为依据,分析了延安市市区近年来大气中主要污染物二氧化硫SO2、氮氧化物NOX、总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的变化特征.并将其变化特征与治理大气污染所采取的主要措施相结合,研究了影响市区大气环境质量的一些主要因素.结果表明:延安市的煤烟型污染已得到了有效控制,但尘埃污染依然比较严重,同时汽车尾气污染也日趋明显.在此基础上,提出了进一步改善延安市大气环境质量的建议与对策.     

The spatial-temporal pattern and influencing factors of negative air ions in urban forests,Shanghai, China

Negative air ions are natural components of the air we breathe Forests are the main continuous natural source of negative air ions （NAI）. The spatio-temporal patterns of negative air ions were explored in Shanghai, based on monthly monitoring in 15 parks from March 2009 to February 2010. In each park, sampling sites were selected in forests and open spaces. The annual variation in negative air ion concentrations （NAIC） showed peak values from June to October and minimum values from December to January. NAIC were highest in summer and autumn, intermediate in spring, and lowest in winter. During spring and summer, NAIC in open spaces were significantly higher in rural areas than those in suburban areas. However, there were no significant differences in NAIC at forest sites among seasons. For open spaces, total suspended particles （TSP） were the dominant determining factor of NAIC in sum- mer, and air temperature and air humidity were the dominant determining factors of NAIC in spring, which were tightly correlated with Shanghai＇s ongoing urbanization and its impacts on the environment. R is suggested that urbanization could induce variation in NAIC along the urban-rural gradient, but that may not change the temporal variation pattern. Fur- thermore, the effects of urbanization on NAIC were limited in non-vegetated or less-vegetated sites, such as open spaces, but not in well-vegetated areas, such as urban forests. Therefore, we suggest that urban greening, especially urban forest, has significant resistance to theeffect of urbanization on NAIC.