Effect of allelic variation at the Glu-3/Gli-1 loci on breadmaking quality parameters in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) encoded by the Glu-3 loci are known to contribute to wheat breadmaking quality. However, the specific effect of individual Glu-3 alleles is not well understood due to their complex protein banding patterns in SDS-PAGE and tight linkage with gliadins at the Gli-1 locus. Using DNA markers and a backcross program, we developed a set of nine near isogenic lines (NILs) including different Glu-A3/Gli-A1 or Glu-B3/Gli-B1 alleles in the genetic background of the Argentine variety ProINTA Imperial. The nine NILs and the control were evaluated in three different field trials in Argentina. Significant genotype-by-environment interactions were detected for most quality parameters indicating that the effects of the Glu-3/Gli-1 alleles are modulated by environmental differences. None of the NILs showed differences in total flour protein content, but relative changes in the abundance of particular classes of proteins cannot be ruled out. On average, the Glu-A3f, Glu-B3b, Glu-B3g and Glu-B3i_Man alleles were associated with the highest values in gluten strength-related parameters, while Glu-A3e, Glu-B3a and Glu-B3i_Chu were consistently associated with weak gluten and low quality values. The value of different Glu-3/Gli-1 allele combinations to improve breadmaking quality is discussed.     

Comparison of predictions of baking volume using large deformation rheological properties

Three large deformation rheological tests, the Kieffer dough extensibility system, the D/R dough inflation system and the 2 g mixograph test, were carried out on doughs made from a large number of winter wheat lines and cultivars grown in Poland. These lines and cultivars represented a broad spread in baking performance in order to assess their suitability as predictors of baking volume. The parameters most closely associated with baking volume were strain hardening index, bubble failure strain, and mixograph bandwidth at 10 min. Simple correlations with baking volume indicate that bubble failure strain and strain hardening index give the highest correlations, whilst the use of best subsets regression, which selects the best combination of parameters, gave increased correlations with R²=0.865 for dough inflation parameters, R²=0.842 for Kieffer parameters and R²=0.760 for mixograph parameters.     

谷蛋白溶涨指数在小麦品质评价中的应用价值分析

为了评价谷蛋白溶涨指数（SIG，Swelling index of glutenin）在小麦品质育种中的应用价值，检测了不同材料的面粉、配粉以及全麦粉的Zeleny沉淀值、SDS沉淀值和SIG，并分析了SIG与Zeleny沉淀值和SDS沉淀值的相关性。结果表明，基因型和种植环境各不相同的160份面粉样品的SIG与Zeleny沉淀值和SDS沉淀值之间均呈显著正相关，配粉的SIG能较好地反映出样品中面筋含量和质量的差异，说明SIG是一个比较可靠的品质评价指标；纯合品种面粉的SIG、Zeleny沉淀值、全麦粉的SIG、SDS沉淀值之间的相关性均达1％显著水平，其中全麦粉SIG与Zeleny沉淀值（面粉）相关更为密切，说明全麦粉的SIG与Zeleny沉淀值一样稳定有效，可以弥补Zeleny沉淀法不能用于全麦粉测试的缺憾；在广泛分离的育种群体中验证，SIG方法可成功应用于分离世代单株全麦粉的品质筛选。     

不同基因型小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基与品质关系

选用10个山西省推广的小麦品种作为试验材料,分析了它们高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的组成,测定了10个品种的品质指标,对HMW-GS组成与品质指标的相关性做了研究,结果表明,供试小麦所含亚基类型主要以2+12,7+9等为主;优质亚基对小麦面包烘烤品质的显著性差异主要表现在Zeleny沉降值上,亚基5+10对小麦Zeleny沉降值有显著影响;所试小麦品种大部分缺乏5+10,1,2*,17+18,14+15等优质亚基,今后在小麦的育种工作中,应选用含有优质亚基的亲本以提高小麦品质。     

Influence of the cultivar,environment and management on the grain yield and bread-making quality in winter wheat

The genotype, environment and their interaction play an important role in the grain yielding and grain quality attributes. The main aim of this study was to determine the contributions of the genotype, environment and their interaction to the variation in bread-making traits. The data that were used for the analyses performed in this study were obtained from 3 locations in Poland from post-registration multi-environment trials with winter wheat in 2009 and 2010. The experimental factors were the cultivar (7 cultivars) and the crop management level (low input and high input). In the multi-environment trials, 17 traits were investigated that characterize grain, flour and dough quality. Most of the traits were affected much more strongly by environmental factors (i.e., year and location) than by genotype. The variance components revealed an especially strong effect of the year on the baking score, loaf volume and water absorption, as well a strong effect of the location on dough development and protein content. The obtained results demonstrate that the grain quality as measured by the parameters based on the protein content and quality may be substantially improved by crop management practices, especially by N fertilization level.     

Detection of QTLs with Additive Effects,Epistatic Effects, and QTL ×Environment Interactions for Zeleny Sedimentation Value Using a Doubled Haploid Population in Cultivated Wheat

In order to understand the genetic basis for Zeleny sedimentation value （ZSV） of wheat, a doubled haploid （DH） population Huapei 3 × Yumai 57 （Yumai 57 is superior to Huapei 3 for ZSV）, and a linkage map consisting of 323 marker loci were used to search QTLs for ZSV. This program was based on mixed linear models and allowed simultaneous mapping of additive effect QTLs, epistatic QTLs, and QTL x environment interactions （QEs）. The DH population and the parents were evaluated for ZSV in three field trials. Mapping analysis produced a total of 8 QTLs and 2 QEs for ZSV with a single QTL explaining 0.64-14.39% of phenotypic variations. Four additive QTLs, 4 pairs of epistatic QTLs, and two QEs collectively explained 46.11% of the phenotypic variation （PVE）. This study provided a precise location of ZSV gene within the Xwmc 93 and GluD1 interval, which was designated as Qzsv-1D. The information obtained in this study should be useful for manipulating the QTLs for ZSV by marker assisted selection （MAS） in wheat breeding programs.     

贵紫系列小麦加工品质分析及应用评价

[目的]了解贵紫系列小麦的加工品质,明确其适宜加工的产品。[方法]对27个遗传性稳定的贵紫特色小麦和3个普通小麦品种进行了湿面筋含量、干面筋、沉降值、蛋白质含量测定,结合食品加工应用进行分析。[结果]分析表明,30个小麦品种(系)湿面筋含量变幅为22.19%~38.87%,根据国家标准按湿面筋含量划分,有9个属于高筋小麦(≥32.0%),9个中筋小麦(28.0%~32.0%),12个弱筋小麦(28.0%);贵紫小麦沉降值变幅为3~44 ml,按沉降值划分无强筋粉小麦(≥45 ml),9个中筋粉(30~45 ml),21个弱筋粉(30 ml),表明贵紫小麦面筋强度普遍较弱;贵紫小麦蛋白质含量变幅为13.4%~17.8%,平均15.7%,有22个小麦品系蛋白质含量高于15%,说明贵紫小麦营养价值较高。相关分析表明,小麦沉降值与湿面筋之间呈非线性显著负相关(R=-0.380),蛋白质含量与湿面筋呈显著正相关(R=0.485),蛋白质含量与沉降值呈显性负相关(R=-0.432)。[结论]在面食加工业中贵紫系列小麦可加工面条、馒头,部分小麦品系可试制饼干、蛋糕,不适合加工面包产品。此外,贵紫系列小麦可在八宝粥等营养价值较高的产品中大力推广应用。     

Effect of Genotype,Environment and Their Interaction on Quality Parameters of Wheat Breeding Lines of Diverse Grain Hardness

Abstract

Understanding the contribution of genotype, environment and genotype-by-environment interaction to wheat grain quality facilitates the selection for quality in breeding programs. Stability of grain quality characteristics is an important requirement in the baking industry. We assessed 24 winter wheat genotypes with different grain hardness in multienvironment trials at four locations and two levels of fertilization in each location. Grain samples were analyzed for hardness, protein and starch content, and wet gluten content, Zeleny sedimentation value, alveograph parameter (W) and hectoliter weight. All parameters were evaluated on whole grains using the near infrared transmittance technique. Differences between hard and soft genotypes appeared to be significant, apart from grain hardness, for protein content, Zeleny test and alveograph parameter. Genotype was found to have a major influence only on grain hardness; for protein content, wet gluten and Zeleny sedimentation value environment prevailed the influence of genotype, and for starch content, alveograph W parameter and hectoliter weight both sources of variation had similar importance. Genotype-by-environment interaction was of smaller size relative to genotype and environment in terms of all the studied quality parameters. Stable genotypes predominate the breeding lines studied. Response of unstable genotypes to environmental conditions was nonlinear in most cases.     

GlutoPeak parameters of whole wheat flours for gluten quality evaluation in soft wheat breeding programs

In soft wheat breeding programs, the gluten strength of flours from specific genotypes is determined by various chemical and rheological tests. Based on such tests, the experimental wheat lines with very weak flour gluten are typically selected for the production of soft-dough biscuits, while the lines with medium gluten strength and extensibility are reserved for hard-dough biscuits. Often, the genotypes having high gluten strength are removed from such breeding programs. In the present study, the usability of the GlutoPeak tester on whole wheat flour samples was investigated for assessing the gluten strength of soft wheat breeding materials. In the study, 25 soft wheat genotypes, grown in seven locations for three years, were categorized by commonly used gluten-quality-related parameters. Based on the results of the study GlutoPeak whole wheat flour PMT values ranging from 30.0 to 50.0 s and AM values from 15.0 to 20.0 GPU were found to be suitable for soft-dough biscuit products, whereas the values between 40.0 and 60.0 s and 20.0 and 23.0 GPU were appropriate for hard-dough biscuit products. The genotypes exhibiting AM values > 24.0 GPU and PMT values > 60.0 s were judged to have too-strong gluten, and thus eliminated from the breeding program. The gluten aggregation energy (AGGEN), and the torque after the maximum torque (PM) values were only useful and applicable to flours for soft-dough products. The maximum torque (BEM) values were not effective in discriminating against the genotypes. The results of this study demonstrated that the GlutoPeak whole wheat PMT and AM parameters can be recommended as quick and accurate parameters especially for early generation screening with small-scale tests in soft wheat improvement programs.