Gonadotropins I and II do not stimulate thein vitro secretion of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one 20-sulphate by rainbow trout gonads during final sexual maturation

Thein vitro secretion of 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one 20-sulphate (17,20-P-sulphate) and the free steroid 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20-P), by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gonads, in response to gonadotropin (GTH) I and GTH II, were studied during the final stages of sexual maturation. Substantial amounts of 17,20-P-sulphate were produced, by both mature ovaries and testes, indicating considerable 20-hydroxysteroid sulphotransferase (20-HST) activity within these tissues. In the post-ovulatory ovary the level of 17,20-P-sulphate (36.6 ng ml^–1) greatly exceeded that of 17,20-P (8.59 ng ml^–1). The amount of 17,20-P-sulphate produced in incubations of both mature ovary and testes was unaffected by either GTH I or GTH II treatment at physiological concentrations up to 100 ng ml^–1. Similarly, incubations of maturing ovary and testes, treated with GTH I or GTH II, in the presence of added 17,20-P at 100 ng ml^–1 of medium, produced levels of 17,20-P-sulphate that were similar to those of the controls. In incubations of mature ovarian follicles at the stages of germinal vesicle breakdown and preovulation, both GTHs significantly stimulated secretion of 17,20-P, although GTH II was always more potent than GTH I. GTH II significantly elevated the levels of 17,20-P in testicular incubations from mature males more than 4-fold relative to GTH I and controls, which did not differ from one another.In conclusion, 20-HST, the enzyme responsible for the sulphate conjugation of 17,20-P, was found to be active in the ovaries and testes of rainbow troutin vitro. However, the levels of this enzyme do not appear to be regulated by either GTH I or GTH II.     

杂交晚稻中9优168高产稳产制种技术

中9优168是黄冈市农科院选育的高产、稳产、优质杂交晚稻新组合,根据多年对该组合制种技术的研究,介绍了制种高产技术,以指导中9优168的制种。     

播期和密度对镇麦168农艺和品质性状的影响

为探寻小麦新品种镇麦168高产优质栽培的适宜播期与密度,通过二因素随机区组试验,分析了播期和密度对该品种农艺和品质性状的影响。结果表明,播期和密度对镇麦168的产量、部分农艺和品质性状均有影响。随着播期的推迟,产量、面团形成时间和稳定时间、湿面筋含量均呈现先升后降趋势;适当控制密度可协调有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重,进而提高产量,同时可增加面团稳定时间、籽粒蛋白质和湿面筋含量。在本试验条件下,该品种优质高产适宜播期和种植密度分别为10月31日和270万株·hm^-2。     

文心兰miR168分子进化特性及其对软腐病侵染的响应模式

【目的】探究文心兰miR168的分子进化特性,揭示文心兰miR168a及其候选靶基因响应软腐病菌侵染的表达模式。【方法】以文心兰miRNA文库、转录组数据库及miRbase数据库获取的植物miR168前体和成熟体序列为研究对象,利用生物信息学方法对其进行系统进化树构建、保守性分析、前体二级结构分析及靶基因预测;通过PCR技术克隆文心兰miR168a前体,采用qRT-PCR技术分析miR168a及其候选靶基因在文心兰不同组织（根、叶、假鳞茎）和感染软腐病（0,12,24,36和48 h）不同时间的表达模式。【结果】植物miR168序列保守性较高,来源于miR168前体的5p臂保守性高于3p臂,miR168前体分歧较大,茎序列的保守性高于环序列;从文心兰中克隆得到93 bp miR168a前体序列,包含21 nt miR168a成熟体序列。进化分析表明,物种亲缘关系对其前体和成熟体序列的形成影响较小;二级结构显示,文心兰miR168a前体能形成典型的发卡结构,其成熟体位于前体的5p臂;随着软腐病侵染时间延长,文心兰miR168a与其候选靶标RNA剪切复合体核心蛋白（AGO1）、RPM1互作蛋白（RIN4）、羧酸酯酶（CXE8）的表达趋势基本呈负相关,而与其候选靶标RNA解旋酶（PRH47A）、泛素羧基末端水解酶（UCH）的表达趋势呈正相关,说明可能存在其他miR168家族成员或miRNAs同时调控。【结论】文心兰miR168与其他植物miR168进化上兼具保守性和特异性,miR168a上调表达可能会增强文心兰的抗病性。     

杂交小麦品种绵杂麦168稀植高效栽培技术初探

为解决杂交小麦生产用种量大,种子生产成本高这一难题,加速杂交小麦新品种在生产上的推广应用,特就施氮量与密度对绵杂麦168产量的影响进行了研究。试验采用两因素裂区设计,施氮量为主区,密度为副区,施氮量与密度各5水平。结果表明,施氮量、密度以及施氮量与密度的互作都极显著地影响绵杂麦168的产量。产量随着施氮量的增加而呈增加趋势;产量随着密度的增加也呈增加趋势,但在密度极高的情况下,产量又有所下降。在基础地力中等水平的情况下,在低用种量（密度≤165×104基本苗／hm2）下,在施氮量为150～300kg／hm2情况下,种植绵杂麦168可获得高于6750kg/hm2的产量和高于8000元／hm2的经济效益。     

强优势小麦杂交种‘绵杂麦168’选育研究

为利用小麦杂种优势提高产量、改进品质和抗性,采用“四同步一交叉”育种技术和方法,利用具有自主知识产权的温光型两系不育系MTS-1与恢复系MR168配组,育成早熟,穗大粒多,结实正常,高抗条锈病和白粉病,产量高,品质优良,适应性广的杂交小麦新品种‘绵杂麦168’通过国家和省级双审定。总结了‘绵杂麦168’的选育历程,配套栽培技术研究和高产栽培、繁育技术措施;简述了‘绵杂麦168’在区域试验和示范推广中的突出表现,认为‘绵杂麦168’是中国小麦杂种优势利用研究取得的重要成果,具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

小麦温光型不育恢复系MR168对条锈菌CY32的抗性遗传分析

为了明确温光型小麦不育恢复系MR168抗条锈基因的来源及其遗传规律,采用常规杂交法对SY95-71/MR168与绵阳26号/MR168两个抗、感组合杂交各世代进行抗条锈性遗传分析.结果表明,MR168对条中32号小种的抗性受1对显性基因控制,该抗病基因来源于春小麦品种辽春10号;对MR168和4个温光型不育系及其相应杂交组合的抗条锈性分析表明,MR168抗条锈性遗传力强,有利于高抗条锈病的温光型两系杂交小麦组合筛选.     

Comparison of immune responses to intranasal and intrapulmonary vaccinations with the attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae 168 strain in pigs

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune responses to intranasal and intrapulmonary vaccinations with the attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) 168 strain in the local respiratory tract in pigs. Twenty-four pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups: an intranasal immunization group, an intrapulmonary immunization group, an intramuscular immunization group and a control group. The levels of local respiratory tract cellular and humoral immune responses were investigated. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6 in the early stage of immunization (P<0.01), local specific secretory IgA (sIgA) in nasal swab samples (P<0.01); and IgA- and IgG-secreting cells in the nasal mucosa and trachea were higher after intranasal vaccination (P<0.01) than in the control group. Interestingly, intrapulmonary immunization induced much stronger immune responses than intranasal immunization. Intrapulmonary immunization also significantly increased the secretion of IL-6 and local specific sIgA and the numbers of IgA- and IgG-secreting cells. The levels of IL-10 and interferon-γ in the nasal swab samples and the numbers of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes in the lung and hilar lymph nodes were significantly increased by intrapulmonary immunization compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). These data suggest that intrapulmonary immunization with attenuated Mhp is effective in evoking local cellular and humoral immune responses in the respiratory tract. Intrapulmonary immunization with Mhp may be a promising route for defense against Mhp in pigs.     

枯草芽孢杆菌YT168-6产抗菌肽sublancin的发酵工艺优化及培养基筛选的研究

研究旨在探索枯草芽孢杆菌YT168-6产抗菌肽sublancin的最适发酵条件和最适培养基组成,以期提高发酵液中sublancin含量。试验先通过单因素试验筛选出最适发酵条件,确定发酵培养基需要的无机盐、碳源、氮源,再通过正交试验、最陡爬坡试验、Box-Behnken设计的响应面分析方法确定最适发酵培养基组成。结果表明：枯草芽孢杆菌YT168-6产抗菌肽sublancin的最适发酵条件为菌种接种量1.0%、发酵温度37℃、发酵液初始pH 7.0;最适发酵培养基为K₂HPO₄ 5 g/L、KH₂PO₄ 5 g/L、MgSO₄ 10 g/L、可溶性淀粉30.2 g/L、蛋白胨23.6 g/L、玉米浆18.2 g/L;优化后sublancin产量由756 μg/mL提到1 581 μg/mL,是优化前的2.09倍。综上所述,本研究所筛选的最适发酵条件和最适培养基可为枯草芽孢杆菌YT168-6菌株工业化生产sublancin提供技术参考。     

杂交玉米玉美头168优化栽培模式研究

采用四元二次回归正交最优混合设计,探讨种植密度和氮、磷、钾肥施用量与杂交玉米玉美头168产量形成、产量利润及产投比的关系,并建立多元回归模型及利用计算机模拟,分析各试验因子对产量形成的影响及相互间的作用效应。结果表明,各试验因子处于低、高水平条件下对玉米产量的作用效应分别为种植密度〉N〉P2O5〉K2O、N〉种植密度〉K2O〉P2O5,说明种植密度和氮肥施用量是制约玉米产量的主导因素。在一定的施肥水平条件下,适当调节种植密度可以获得较高的产量与产投比。玉美头168以每公顷施纯N97．5～187．5kg、P2O,52．5—97．5kg、K2O 112．5～150．0kg,配套48000～57000株的种植密度,可获得7500kg以上产量及较高的收益和产投比。