低风险疾病情境下农村居民健康信息规避行为研究

[目的/意义]本研究旨在揭示低风险疾病情境下农村居民健康信息规避的程度、策略、成因及其关联。[方法/过程]研究采用理论抽样方法和半结构化访谈法收集了江苏省45位农村居民的相关数据。研究采用开放式编码和主轴编码方法对访谈数据进行分析,同时采用社会网络分析软件对规避策略和成因之间的关系进行可视化展示。[结果/结论]（1）农村居民在低风险疾病情境下存在全面型和选择型两种不同程度的健康信息规避。其中,全面型健康信息规避主要发生在信息需求阶段,具体的规避策略为完全不治疗;而选择型信息规避发生在信息获取阶段,具体的规避策略为自己治疗或者拖延治疗。（2）该情境下农村居民健康信息规避的成因主要包括感知风险、对信息源的信任、健康信息素养水平、文化水平、情绪、经济水平、小世界、时间和医疗资源的可及性。（3）农民健康信息规避的成因与规避策略存在特定的关联。文化水平和医疗资源的可及性只对完全不治疗规避策略有影响;情绪因素只对拖延治疗规避策略有影响;健康信息素养水平只对自己治疗规避策略有影响。该研究可为改善农村居民的健康状况提供指导建议。     

Drag force and reconfiguration of cultivated Saccharina latissima in current

The design of aquaculture systems requires an understanding of the drag forces on cultivated kelp. This study measured the drag on line segments of cultivated Saccharina latissima in a towing tank. The drag on segments of farm line with full kelp bundles and with stipes alone (fronds removed) was measured at tow speeds of 0.10 to 0.50 m/s. The drag on individual fronds cut from the line was also measured. Video images were collected to evaluate the plant reconfiguration. Both kelp blades and stipes contributed to the total drag force on the line bundle. Within the velocity range of our experiments, the kelp blades were essentially horizontal. However, the pronation of kelp stipes increased as flow velocity increased. The reconfiguration of kelp stipes was observed to decrease the vertical extent of the kelp bundle. Due to this reconfiguration, the measured force, $F$, increased with velocity, $U$, at a rate slower than quadratic, and was consistent with scaling laws derived for reconfiguration. Specifically, $F\sim U^{\alpha }$ with $\alpha =1.35\pm 0.17$.     

农田残膜机械回收膜土分离模型的建立与仿真试验

为明确农田残膜机械回收过程中膜土分离机理，基于土壤接触理论及土壤黏附力学，建立残膜与土壤颗粒的接触模型和残膜与土壤颗粒间黏结合力变化的数学模型。利用EDEM软件，进行0.01、0.02、0.03 mm厚度残膜与黏附土壤剥离剪切仿真试验。拟合结果表明，0.01、0.02、0.03 mm残膜厚度下，膜土分离剪切力与剥离剪切位移均呈三次方关系，决定系数分别为0.805 9、0.872 2、0.878 4；对台架验证试验结果进行拟合，决定系数分别0.793 2、0.854 8、0.869 0，相对误差最大值为13.77%。     

乡村园林景观规划设计研究——以周村生态体验园为例

乡村园林的景观规划设计,为乡村旅游业的发展注入了新的活力,是不可或缺的可持续发展产业中坚力量。设计具有独特人文气息与魅力的生态文化景观是乡村园林景观规划设计急需解决的问题。从景观规划相关理念出发,阐释了乡村园林景观的运行模式和类型,以及景观生态学等原理,提出了设计的原则和方法。以周村生态体验园的景观规划设计为实例,提出了各方详细的设计思路,得出乡村园林景观规划设计策略。乡村园林生态体验园的设计特色,决定了它与周边互相依存的生态关系。在自然环境中渗透景观设计要素,能够很好的传达当地的历史文化传统,塑造乡村旅游特色,为乡村的经济发展提供更加坚强的后盾。研究结果也可为今后乡村园林景观实际项目的可持续发展式规划和设计提供理论基础。     

乡村振兴战略背景下农村坑塘治理分析研究——以河南睢县实地调查为例

针对农村坑塘"无人治、没钱治、无人管、散乱难治"等方面的难题,以乡村振兴战略为思想指导,结合河长制工作重点,根据农村坑塘高效治理工作对打造生态宜居环境、创建乡风文明、促进产业兴旺、实现农民富裕的重要性。在此基础上,以河南省睢县农村坑塘为例,以全面推行河湖长制促进乡村振兴为目标,把小微水体整治与乡村振兴等工作有机结合,进行水岸同治。按照远村塘、近村塘的分类,提出相应建设模式,并提出农村坑塘建设建议;另外,从"人治"和"法治"两个方面进行"人治巩固基础,法治加深层次"管护模式,为黄淮地区农村坑塘治理提供多种路径,助力乡村振兴。     

隔板长度对紧凑型高速磁力泵水力特性及叶轮径向力的影响

为探究蜗壳内隔板长度对紧凑型高速磁力泵外特性与叶轮径向力的影响,根据蜗壳型式及隔板长度的不同提出6种蜗壳方案.设单蜗壳为方案一,其余双蜗壳方案根据隔板长度从小到大依次设为方案二至方案六.采用ANSYS-CFX软件对不同工况下(0.8Q_d,1.0Q_d,1.2Q_d)各蜗壳方案泵内流场进行数值模拟,得到不同蜗壳方案的泵中心面静压分布云图,并进行径向力分析.采用方案四蜗壳作为泵实型样机进行试验,将试验值与计算结果进行对比.研究结果表明:相较于无隔板的单蜗壳泵,采用有隔板的双蜗壳泵有利于平衡叶轮径向力,在额定流量下单蜗壳在x,y方向的径向力最大分量分别为151.2,149.7 N,是双蜗壳方案四的1.5倍;随着隔板长度的增大,泵的扬程与效率均逐渐提高,叶轮径向力不断减小,3种工况下扬程的模拟值与试验值偏差均小于3.0%;试验表明数值计算结果具有可信性,研究结果可为紧凑型高速磁力泵在提高水力性能以及平衡叶轮径向力方面提供一定参考.     

不同砧木对葡萄新梢省力化特性的影响

通过对不同砧穗组合的新梢生长量、新梢生长速率、节间长度、基部粗度及副梢萌发率的测定，研究不同砧木对‘夏黑’和‘87-1’葡萄新梢省力化特性的影响。并调查各个砧穗组合的结果系数，研究省力化特性参数与结果系数的关系。然后运用Topsis评价法对各个砧穗组合进行综合评价。结果表明，对于‘夏黑’葡萄来说，夏黑/华葡1号组合省力化特性最好，结果系数最大，夏黑/抗砧1号组合次之，夏黑/140Ru组合省力化特性最差，结果系数最小。对于‘87-1’葡萄而言，87-1/华葡1号省力化特性最好，结果系数最大，87-1/5C组合省力化特性最差，87-1/ 140Ru结果系数最小。综上，华葡1号与抗砧1号可以有效降低‘夏黑’和‘87-1’葡萄的新梢生长量及副梢萌发率，提高结果系数，控制营养生长，促进生殖生长。     

Commuting distances to local non‐farm workplaces and out‐migration: The case of Northeast Thailand

The relationship between commuting distances and where people work has been studied for urban contexts in both developed countries and developing countries. However, few studies have examined the situation in rural areas, and none look at commuting distances to non‐farm workplaces in rural areas of developing countries. This paper investigates how commuting distance, and thus accessibility, to local non‐farm work influences non‐farm employment and out‐migration from rural villages in Northeast Thailand. The main issues examined are: (i) the distance that rural residents travel to work in local non‐farm jobs; and (ii) the influence that local non‐farm employment has on the number of outmigrants from rural villages. The study finds: (i) distance between villages and non‐farm work sites impact the number of villagers who are employed in regular wage work; (ii) beyond 20 km villagers are less likely to travel to non‐farm employment using their own means of transportation; and (iii) employment in regular wage work decreases outmigration. The findings from this study contribute to the debates over the drivers of rural out‐migration, rural livelihood changes, and agrarian changes that are taking place in Southeast Asia.