绿豆种质资源农艺性状的因子分析及综合评价

为合理利用绿豆种质资源,本研究以55份绿豆种质资源为材料,通过对其10个农艺性状进行因子分析及聚类分析。结果表明:10个农艺性状的变异系数为8.57%~47.19%,其中单株粒重变异系数最大,生育期变异系数最小。将10个农艺性状简化为结荚数因子、高度因子、粒数因子、粒重因子和生育期因子5个独立的主因子,该5个主因子可以反映原始信息的86.340%。经综合得分排序,评选出10份性状优良的绿豆种质资源。聚类分析将55份种质资源的10个数量性状分为3大类,类群I、类群II、类群III分别包括22份、7份、26份材料。结合综合评价和聚类分析认为,在黑龙江绿豆生产中,‘安绿8号’、‘佳木斯黄绿豆’、‘冀绿1号’可作为品种选育的改良亲本,也可大面积种植利用。     

Genetical relationships between reactions to bacterial leaf spot,yellow mosaic and Cercospora leaf spot diseases in mungbean (Vigna radiata)

Summary Studies on the inheritance pattern of bacterial leaf spot (BLS), yellow mosaic (YM) and Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) reactions in crosses of BLS and YM resistant/tolerant but CLS susceptible × CLS resistant but BLS and YM susceptible parents indicated that resistances to BLS and CLS were governed by single dominant genes, whereas YM tolerance was a monogenic recessive character. The studies also indicated that these three genes were inherited independently. The simple inheritance pattern and independent assortment of the genes governing resistance/tolerance to these diseases suggest that the usual breeding methods will be adequate to develop multi-disease resistant mungbean cultivars.Paper XII in the series Studies on resistance in crops to bacterial diseases in India.     

野生绿豆种质资源TC1966抗豆象基因的AFLP标记研究

野生种抗豆象绿豆种质资源TC1966对多个豆象小种均具有很好的抗虫性。通过对抗虫亲本TC1966、感虫亲本绿1号及以中绿1号为轮回亲本经多代回交后获得的3个近等基因系材料进行抗虫鉴定．结果轮回亲本中绿1号的种子被害率〉90％．表现高感（HS）；抗性亲本TC1966及三个高代材料种子被害率〈10％，表现高抗（HR）．说明抗虫亲本TC1966中的抗虫基因呈显性遗传，且能够在后代材料中稳定遗传和表达。本文利用AFLP分子标记技术对该5份试验材料进行了多态性指纹图谱分析．结果从830对AFLP引物组合中筛选出在抗、感虫材料间表现多态性的引物组合100对。将部分多态性AFLP特异扩增条带从聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上回收，然后将二次扩增产物进行测序，并通过同源性序列比较的手段进行了相关生物信息学分析。本研究为今后进一步开展抗豆象基因的AFLP分子标记及其转化研究乃至抗豆象基因的克隆工作提供参考依据。     

"AVRDC"绿豆品系的评价及应用

引进了“AVRDC”47个绿豆品系,并进行了鉴定与研究,筛选、推广了适宜河北省种植的品系VC1973A(中绿一号)和VC2719A(中绿二号),明确了“AVRDC”绿豆新品系的应用特点。并与当地资源杂交选育,培育出综合性状优良的新品系。     

Salt stress and mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]: effects,physiological perspective and management practices for alleviating salinity

Mungbean is an important food grain legume with high economic status. It has an excellent source of dietary protein and nutritional health benefits, particularly for the vegetarians. It increases soil fertility and also plays an imperative role in major cropping systems due to its short life span. Production of mungbean is still decreasing due to its susceptibility towards various environmental stress factors. Salt stress is one of the most prevailing abiotic stress imposing threats for agriculture food crops along with increasing world population and limited natural resources. Fewer efforts have been made to develop an improved variety of mungbean. The present review summarizes the adverse effects of salt stress and mungbean response at the physiological and molecular level. It covers recent studies on introgression of useful traits in mungbean for its better adaptability and survival under stressed conditions. Modern biotechnological approaches and traditional breeding methods may assist the development of salt-tolerant cultivars of mungbean for salinity-affected area in arid and semi-arid regions. Researchers involved in this area should keep this goal on priority for sustainable mungbean production. Availability of protein-rich food may help to reduce the problem of malnutrition in poor families and national food security issue for a continuous rising population.     

Influence of summer legume residue recycling and varietal diversification on productivity,energetics, and nutrient dynamics in basmati rice–wheat cropping system of western Indo-Gangetic Plains

A field experiment was conducted on summer mungbean residue recycling (SMBRR) and basmati rice–wheat cropping system (BRWCS) at New Delhi, India. The SMBRR enhanced the system productivity and net returns by ～19.1% and 22.1% compared to summer fallow (SF) with highest magnitude under genotypic sequence of P 2511/HD 2967. Two genotypes each in basmati rice (PB 1 and P 2511) and wheat (HD 2967 and HD 2733) responded well to SMBRR with respect to grain yield efficiency index (GYEI) ≥ 1.0. SMBRR also registered ～13.5% higher microbial biomass carbon (MBC) than SF. Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage also increased by ～6.8% in 0–30 cm soil layer. The rice–wheat–summer mungbean system produced significantly highest energy efficiency compared to the rice–wheat–summer fallow system with highest values under genotypic sequence of P 2511/HD 2967 as a result of better yield expression. Overall, SMBRR with suitable genotypic sequence improved the system productivity, profitability, and nutrient dynamics in BRWCS, which are vital for long-term sustainability of this system.     

High-temperature-tolerant mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) lines produce better yields when exposed to higher CO2 levels

Increasing global air temperatures, along with rising CO₂ levels, are causing concerns about reducing available freshwater resources and altering cropping patterns. They may influence overall growth and production pattern of crop plants. These likely changes would become major limiting factors for future sustainable food production largely in the tropics and subtropics. Thus, understanding physiological responses hold the key to determining the functional relationship between the environment and crop performance. We explore here the impact of rising CO₂ on the growth and yield traits of a few selected high-temperature (HT)-tolerant mungbean lines, which we earlier screened for HT tolerance using a physiological assay under managed growth conditions. The HT-tolerant lines grown under elevated CO₂ levels (550 and 700 μL L^?1) showed a considerable improvement in growth rates (13.5%, 67.8%, and 46.5% in plant height, leaf area, and total dry matter, respectively) and pod and seed yield (48.7% and 31.7%, respectively), compared to local checks under the same environments. Interestingly, the symptoms of accelerated pod maturity were also observed in most of these lines. The outcome of the study would undoubtedly open up opportunities for increased yield potentials of legumes under the conditions of the warming climate and elevated levels of carbon dioxide.     

绿豆高密度分子遗传图谱的构建

【目的】在前期研究的基础上,进一步利用绿豆基因组SSR、EST-SSR、STS和普通菜豆基因组SSR等标记构建绿豆遗传连锁图谱,为绿豆重要性状相关基因的定位、克隆及分子标记辅助选育新品种等研究搭建技术平台。【方法】利用澳大利亚引进的Berken（高感豆象绿豆栽培种）× ACC41（高抗豆象绿豆野生种）及其重组自交系（recombinant inbreed line,RIL）群体,对6 686对引物进行PCR扩增及多态性筛选,包括6 100对绿豆基因组SSR、149对EST-SSR、13对STS和424对普通菜豆基因组SSR引物,将亲本间多态性引物,进一步分析重组自交系群体。结合前期研究的分子标记数据,利用Mapmarker/Exp 3.0软件构建遗传图谱,并设置LOD≥3.0,最大图距50.00 cM。用Joinmap 4.0软件进行图谱整合。【结果】用2个亲本共筛选了6 686对SSR引物,共有3 691对引物有稳定的扩增产物,得到有多态的引物有588对。其中,通过磁珠富集法开发的绿豆SSR引物6 100对,有效扩增3 459对,有效扩增率56.7%,得到多态性引物559对;通过转录组测序开发的绿豆MGCP引物149对,有效扩增126对,有效扩增率84.6%,得到多态性引物21对;通过磁珠富集法开发的菜豆SSR引物424对,有效扩增97对,有效扩增率22.9%,得到多态性引物6对;绿豆STS引物13对,有效扩增9对,有效扩增率69.2%,得到多态性引物2对。表明不同来源和种类的SSR引物在RIL群体亲本中的有效扩增率有明显差别,绿豆EST-SSR引物（84.6%）最高,绿豆STS引物（69.2%）和SSR引物（55.7%）次之,菜豆SSR引物（22.9%）最低。获得一张含有585个标记（499个SSR标记、74个RFLP标记、9个STS标记和3个RAPD标记）的绿豆遗传图谱,图谱总长732.9 cM,包括11个连锁群,每个标记间的平均距离为1.25 cM,平均长度为66.63 cM。每个连锁群长度为45.2-112.8 cM,每条染色体上面的标记数为35-92个,平均53.18个。标记位点数最多的连锁群LG1含92个标记,长度为112.8 cM;标记位点数最少的连锁群LG11仅含有35个标记,长度为48.7 cM。对图谱的585个标记位点进行χ2测验,在P＜0.05和P＜0.01条件下,分别有79个和151个标记表现为偏分离,占总标记位点数的39.3%。【结论】构建了一张目前国内外发表的标记数最多、密度最高的绿豆遗传连锁图谱。     

Effect of Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Utilization in Upland Rice-Mungbean Intercropping System

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi （AMF） on plant growth and nutrition utilization in upland rice and mungbean intercropping system was studied. A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and AMF colonization rates of rice and mungbean roots, plant nutrient contents, the ability of nitrogen fixation, and nutrient contents changed in the soil were analyzed. The results were obtained as follows： the rates of AMF colonization of rice and mungbean roots were reached to 14.47 and 92.2% in intercopping system, and increased by 4.11 and 11.95% compared with that of in monocropping; the nirtrogen contents of mungbean and rice were increased by 83.72 and 64.83% in shoots, and 53.76 and 41.29% in roots, respectively, while the contents of iron in shoot and root of mungbean were increased by 223.08 and 60.19%, respectively. In the intercropping system with inoculation of AMF, the biomass of mungbean increased by 288.8%. However, the biomass of rice was not significantly changed among all treatments with or without inoculation of AMF recorded. The number and dry weight of nodules were significantly increased either when mungbean was intercropped with rice or inoculated with AMF. When compared with that of monocropping without AMF inoculation, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron in nodules of intercropping mungbean with inoculation increased by 80.14, 69.54 and 39.62%, respectively. Additionally, intercropping with AMF inoculation significantly increased soil nitrogen content, but reduced soil phosphorus content. We concluded that upland rice-mungbean intercropping system and inoculation with AMF improved the nutrient uptake, the ability of nitrogen fixation and the growth of mungbean.     

烫浸种处理对绿豆芽萌发与生长影响的研究

比较不同烫浸种处理对绿豆芽萌发和生长的影响,得出绿豆芽最佳的烫浸种条件组合为:1)烫种温度55℃,烫种时间20min;2)浸种温度25℃,浸种时间6h。