Numerical study on wave attenuation inside and around a square array of biofouled net cages

In this study, waves propagating through a square array of 16 net cages with different levels of biofouling are numerically studied using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. A porous-media fluid model is adopted to simulate both clean and biofouled netting of a cage array in waves. A numerical wave tank is built, and the oscillating-boundary method is adopted to generate waves. The flow motion is solved by the Navier-Stokes equations, and the free water surface is captured using the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The numerical model is validated by comparing the numerical data with corresponding experimental measurements of a net-cage model with clean netting. To analyze wave attenuation, a numerical analysis of wave elevation both inside and around the cage arrays is presented, which considers the effect of biofouling. Based on the results of the present study, the effect of biofouling on wave elevation is noticeable; the damping effect of the cage array increases with increasing level of biofouling. Furthermore, the incident angle of waves has a noticeable effect on the wave field inside and around the cage array.     

Low cost measurement setup based on a piezoelectric microphone for estimating apple bruising using Shannon entropy

This study presents a low cost measurement setup for estimating apple bruise volume during drop impact tests. The proposed measurement system consists of three main stages namely recording impact sound, signal processing, and estimating bruise volume. In the recording stage, the impact sound occurred when striking the apple on the surface was recorded by a piezoelectric microphone into computer. The impact sound was converted into Shannon entropy signals based on the Kernel density approach, and two measurable quantities namely entropy peak and pulse-width time were extracted from Shannon entropy signals in the signal processing stage. In the bruise volume estimating stage, the regression curves that map entropy peak and pulse-width features into bruise volume are estimated using measurements data. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we conducted several drop experiments with six different drop heights and two different temperatures (1 and 19 °C). Experimental results showed that bruise volume was exponentially proportional to the entropy peak and it was inversely proportional to pulse-width time as power functions, and all the curves were fitted with coefficients of determination of more than 0.98. Moreover, it was found that colder apples developed less bruise volume then warmer ones.     

Transient heat transfer characteristics of air-array-jet impingement with different nozzle arrangements on high-tempera-ture flat plate in small jet-to-plate distance

Numerical studies on transient heat transfer characteristics of air-array-jet impingement with a small jet-to-plate distance and a large temperature difference between nozzles and plate were presented.The dimensionless jet-to-plate distance(H/D)was 0.2,and non-dimensional nozzle-to-nozzle spacing(S/D)was 3,4,5 and 6,respectively.It is found that the quenching time is shortened at a constant total mass flow at air jet inlet m·(m·=218.21 kg/h),and the heat transfer uniformity is deterio-rated as S/D increases.However,the adding reversed-flow nozzles can shorten the quenching time of the glass plate considerably with a modest change in the heat transfer uniformity.The results at variable m·are the same as those at a fixed m·.Furthermore,the parity and arrangement of nozzles are also discussed,It is found that an odd number of nozzles is more beneficial for transient heat transfer.Based on these results,an appropriate proposal for ultra-thin glass tempering process is presented.     

微热管阵列平板太阳能集热器中空保温层厚度优化

为分析微热管阵列平板太阳能集热器的热性能,该文建立了集热器的CFD模型,对其进行数值模拟,将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比,验证了模型的可靠性。采用该CFD模型对集热器保温层厚度进行优化,结果表明,当实心保温层导热系数分别为0.02、0.03、0.04、0.05W/(m·K)时,优化的实心保温层厚度分别为4.5、5.0、5.5、5.5cm。合理设计的中空保温层(空气层与实心保温层相结合的保温层形式)集热器能够达到与实心保温层集热器相当的保温隔热效果,同时可使集热器保温层成本及质量降低25%~50%。最后,该文给出了保温层总厚度分别为4、5、6cm时的中空保温层厚度优化结果,为该类集热器保温层的设计提供了理论依据。     

用传感器阵列和遗传基因块区分两种食醋

近年来,对将传感器阵列技术和模式识别技术用于识别食品挥发气味的研究方兴未艾。模式识别技术的实施主要依赖于对传感器阵列输出信号的参数表达,迄今为止,不论是单个传感器还是传感器阵列均没有通用的参数选择的方法。该文从8个氧化锡气敏传感器与食醋气味反应中提出初始特征值,采用一种基于公式表达树的遗传基因块代码的编码算法的组织特征参数法(OFP)对所提取的特征参数进行融合,从而得到最优的组织特征参数很容易区分不同的气味。它不但解决了怎样得到最优特征参数的问题,而且用这种算法进行遗传运算更直观、更方便。并详细讨论了怎样进行基因编码来融合不同特征参数,同时对这种遗传算法怎样进行选择、交叉、变异进行了研究。将其用于气敏传感器阵列对不同食醋识别的应用实例证明,该方法是一种非常有效的模式识别方法     

若干达到界的正交阵列

构造了三类新的正交阵列,它们分别达到Rao-界和文献[9]中提到的两个界.另外,利用这些正交阵列可以构造一些相应的线性码,这些线性码还能够达到编码理论中的Griesmer界.     

悬液芯片系统在检测领域的研究进展

悬液芯片系统诞生于20世纪90年代中期,由美国Luminex公司的研制。该系统使用荧光编码的聚苯乙烯微球作为特异性反应的固相载体,通过偶联试剂的作用,将蛋白质、寡核苷酸、小分子肽类及脂肪偶联到微球的表面构成不同的检测探针。在反应体系中,检测探针通过特异性反应（如抗原―抗体,配体―受体,核酸互补碱基对）捕获与探针相对应的分析物,用荧光标记物标记与探针结合的分析物得到悬液芯片系统的检测物。依据微球内部红色和橙色荧光染料比例的不同,将供悬液芯片系统使用的聚苯乙烯微球分为100种不同的型号。检测器对荧光标记物荧光强度进行检测的同时能分辨不同型号的微球,并将不同型号微球对应的标记物的荧光强度进行分别记录,最终实现一次分析多种检测物的目的。作者综述了悬液芯片系统的原理及在蛋白质、核酸检测领域的研究进展。     

畜舍内混合气体定量检测系统的研究

将气体传感器阵列与神经网络模式识别技术相结合,构建了一个多组分混合气体定量检测系统,进行了初步的试验,并对试验方法进行了改进.结果表明,用该方法识别准确率接近93%,为畜舍内空气质量的在线检测打下了良好的基础.