Physiological responses of tomato roots grown in organ culture to iron-deficiency stress

Roots of the Fe-efficient tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cultivar Floradel) were cultured in an inorganic medium supplemented with glycine, thiamine, pyridoxine, and nicotinic acid, with sucrose as an energy and carbon source. Iron was supplied as ferric hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (FeHEDTA) and the initial PH was 5.5. Root growth was limited when less than 40 μm FeHEDTA was supplied. Roots grown at lower Fe concentrations decreased the pH of the FCR assay medium to a greater extent than did roots grown at higher Fe concentrations. Cultured roots grown with 10 μm FeHEDTA had increased levels of ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity compared to roots grown with either lower or higher concentrations of FeHEDTA. Low FCR activity of roots grown at 2.5 or 5 μm FeHEDTA was attributed either to impaired metabolism due to Fe-deficiency or the lack of sufficient Fe for enhanced FCR formation. Roots of hydroponically grown tomato plants exhibited typical increases in FCR activity with Fe-deficiency. Based on these preliminary results, cultured roots were found to exhibit similar Physiological responses to Fe-deficiency stress as intact root systems. Cultured roots should provide a useful system for the investigation of the role of the root in plant Fe-deficiency stress responses as previously suggested by Bienfait et al.(Plant Physiol., 83, 244–247, 1987).     

ABP1参与不同苹果砧木缺铁胁迫的适应性反应

为研究生长素结合蛋白(Auxin binding protein 1ABP1)与不同苹果砧木缺铁胁迫的关系,通过对铁高效/铁低效苹果基因型苹果砧木在不同铁素浓度下abp1的转录和翻译水平进行检测,结果表明:铁高效苹果基因型的abp1的转录和翻译水平明显高于铁低效苹果基因型;进而依托拟南芥的不同类型(生态型、突变体型和突变体恢复型)植株,通过检测它们的缺铁应答相关生理指标和铁吸收转运相关基因表达的变化差异,发现拟南芥abp1的突变引发了根三价铁还原酶活性明显升高,根毛数量明显增加,且IRT1、FRO2和FIT基因明显上调表达。综上结果表明ABP1通过影响生长素运输进而影响了植物缺铁胁迫应答反应。     

MAIZE HYBRIDS DIFFER IN THEIR 24-H PATTERNS OF PHYTOSIDEROPHORE RELEASE

Iron (Fe) chlorosis tolerant gramineous species respond to Fe-deficiency stress by releasing phytosiderophores. The objective of this study was to characterize the diurnal pattern of phytosiderophore release from Fe-chlorosis tolerant and susceptible maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. Phytosiderophore was collected from individual, Fe-deficient maize plants in 10 mg L^?1 Micropur solution during 4-h collection periods. The diurnal pattern of phytosiderophore release differed among maize hybrids. Similar levels of phytosiderophore were released during light and dark conditions for three hybrids. Greater phytosiderophore release was measured from a fourth hybrid when the collection procedure began 2-h after the initiation of light compared to 2-h before the initiation of dark. When a single plant was used for six consecutive collection periods, phytosiderophore release declined during the final 8- to 12-h of collection. The decline in phytosiderophore release was attributed to dissolution of apoplastic Fe and deactivation of the Fe-stress response mechanism.     

Evaluation of world collection of kabuli chickpea for resistance to iron-deficiency chlorosis

Summary Iron-deficiency chlorosis is often seen in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) fields in the Mediterranean region and is particularly severe in fields where iron-deficiency susceptible cultivars are sown. Therefore, ICARDA's breeding programme field evaluated 6224 kabuli chickpea germplasm accessions for iron-deficiency chlorosis on a high pH Calcic Rhodoxeralf soil (pH 8.5, 20–25% calcium carbonate) at Tel Hadya, Syria during the winter and spring of 1987/88. Two resistant and 17 susceptible lines were grown during autumn, winter and spring of 1988/89 to examine the effect of sowing time on the appearance of the deficiency. About 99% of accessions showed no iron-deficiency symptoms. Evaluation of susceptible accessions during autumn, winter, and spring sowing revealed that iron-deficiency chlorosis was more pronounced during winter sowing. There were also significant genotype x season interactions, indicating differential responses of genotypes to time of sowing. Since the iron-deficiency chlorosis character is controlled by recessive genes, a negative selection to discard the susceptible lines from breeding material is recommended as an effective breeding strategy.Joint contribution from ICARDA and ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics), Patancheru P.O., A. P. 502 324, India.     

苹果实生砧木种质资源耐缺铁和耐盐碱性评价

为了解苹果实生砧木资源抗逆性的种间、居群间和株系间差异及株系内性状分离,用8个种20份苹果资源的二年生实生苗和16个种81份苹果资源当年实生苗分别进行低铁、高盐和高pH胁迫处理,并调查缺铁黄化指数、盐害指数和碱害指数。山定子和新疆野苹果不同居群间3个性状的变异均小于苹果属种间差异,株系间、株系内实生苗3个性状分离程度最严重,但新疆野苹果同居群内株系间各性状的变异与种间差异相当。苹果属种质资源耐缺铁黄化和耐碱2个性状之间相关性显著,而缺铁黄化和耐盐之间、耐盐和耐碱之间不相关。筛选出草原海棠、小金海棠和楸子为耐缺铁黄化、耐盐、耐碱优异实生砧木资源。苹果属种质资源耐缺铁黄化、耐盐、耐碱3个性状不仅存在显著的种间差异,也存在显著的居群间变异,株系间和株系内的变异更广泛。     

铁肥及其不同施用方法对缺铁失绿芒果叶片铁素含量的影响

对因土壤遭受碱害而导致缺铁的芒果植株进行不同铁肥和施肥方法试验,结果表明:施用0.3%硫酸亚铁和0.2%氨基酸铁溶液均能不同程度提高缺铁芒果叶片活性铁和总铁的含量,其效果相近;根系输液,树干高压注射方法增加叶片活性铁﹑总铁含量,其次是树冠喷施法,三者效果都极显著地高于对照。而断根土壤浸施的效果最差,甚至低于对照。     

猕猴桃黄化病危害性研究

对猕猴桃品种"秦美"不同黄化程度树叶片质量、树体生长、结果、果实品质进行了研究.结果表明,黄化树叶片大小、厚度、比叶重分别较非黄化树减少了13.7～28.7、13.1～23.4、8.4～13.8;黄化树叶片叶绿素含量明显减少,叶绿素含量仅为正常树的83.6～62.0;黄化树萌芽率、成枝率、果枝率及每果枝结果数明显下降,仅为非黄化树的72.0～87.7、51.9～69.2、56.6～93.4、53.1～81.6;果实小、品质差,且随树体黄化程度的加重而加剧.     

缺铁胁迫下转番茄铁载体蛋白基因八棱海棠对矿质元素吸收的影响

在不同浓度缺铁水培条件下,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定转基因和非转基因植株叶片和根系Ca2+、Mg2+、Ni2+的含量。研究结果表明:在Fe2+浓度为1μmol.L-1时,转番茄铁载体蛋白基因(LeIRT2)八棱海棠株系叶片中Mg2+的含量显著低于非转基因株系,而根系Mg2+的含量显著高于非转基因株系;该浓度下转基因株系根部Ni2+含量显著高于非转基因株系,叶片中Ni2+含量与非转基因株系无显著差异。Fe2+浓度为10μmol.L-1时,转基因株系叶片和根系Mg2+、Ca2+的含量与非转基因株系无显著差异。Fe2+浓度为1μmol.L-1时,转基因株系叶片和根系Ca2+的含量与非转基因株系无显著差异。无铁条件下在叶片和根系中Ca2+、Mg2+含量无显著差异。     

红景天多糖铁的合成及抗缺铁性贫血作用的研究

以柠檬酸三钠-三氯化铁法合成红景天多糖铁,采用L9(34)正交设计法优化多糖铁合成工艺,通过动物实验,探讨红景天多糖铁抗缺铁性贫血(IDA)的效果.结果表明,合成了具有β-FeOOH型铁核的红景天多糖铁,多糖铁最佳合成条件为:原料2 g,多糖与柠檬酸三钠采用4:3的质量比,在pH值8.5、反应温度70℃条件下合成,产量为0.55 g,铁质量分数23.31%.红景天多糖铁水溶液在pH值3～11保持澄清、无沉淀,其中Fe(Ⅲ)在7 h内基本能被抗坏血酸还原为Fe(Ⅱ);红景天多糖铁能增加患缺铁性贫血小鼠的血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞(RBC)、血清铁(SI)、脾脏指数、脾质量和体质量等指标,与模型组比较有显著差异.     

红壤土施石灰过量导致芒果发生缺铁失绿症的矫正试验

对因红壤土遭受碱害而导致缺铁失绿的芒果园进行土壤渗施土壤改良荆处理,研究各处理对植株根际土壤pH值、HCO3-浓度、有效铁含量以及叶片叶绿素、活性铁、总铁含量的影响.结果表明:经土壤改良荆处理,可明显降低碱害红壤土0～40cm土层,尤其是0～20cm土层的pH值和HCO3-浓度,大幅度提高0～20cm土层的有效铁含量,20～40cm土层也得到相应的提高;土壤渗施盐碱土壤改良荆4个月后,失绿芒果植株叶片叶绿素、活性铁和总铁含量都显著高于对照和处理前的含量水平,其中叶绿素含量的增加最显著,活性铁含量的增值比总铁的高.