冬季不供热简易产蛋鸡舍的设计与应用研究

通过实验表明:在冬季最低气温-28.3℃的黑龙江省密山市饲养产蛋鸡,只要鸡舍保温良好,适当增加鸡的饲养密度,不用供热,也可保持鸡舍内温度在13℃—15℃的最佳鸡产蛋环境温度;在151天的冬季里实验组鸡,按入舍鸡计算平均每只鸡产蛋103.8个,产蛋率为68.74%,仅比对供热取暖鸡舍的对照组鸡群产蛋率低0.5%,故在寒冷的黑龙江省推广产蛋鸡舍冬季不供热是完全可能的,其经济效益也是显著的。     

溴隐停对惠州麻肉种鸡产蛋性能的影响

研究目的在于探讨多巴胺受体激动剂(溴隐停)对地方良种肉鸡繁殖性能的影响。方法从628只28周龄健康的“惠州麻”黄羽肉种鸡群中随机选取1组鸡笼内的40鸡作为实验组,其余的作为对照组。实验组鸡群喂服溴隐停,每只鸡每天1.25mg,连用4d,停用4d后再用4d,对照组不使用。结果在4周的实验期内实验组和对照组的产蛋率分别为83.86%和69.96%;破蛋率分别为1.28%和1.69%,畸形蛋率分别为4.33%和1.19%;实验组平均每只鸡的产蛋总数比对照组多3.89个、合格种蛋数多3.26个;药物处理对平均蛋重无显著影响;使用溴隐停能够提高鸡血液中的雌激素水平。结论溴隐停能够通过抑制地方良种肉鸡体内促乳素的合成与分泌,减少抱窝现象的发生,提高其繁殖性能。     

光照对鸡产蛋性能的影响及其机理研究——Ⅲ.光照对鸡大脑皮质电位的影响

选用22只“星杂579”成龄母鸡,以电生理方法观察了光照(30lx)及在麻醉状态下光照(30lx)和黑暗对其大脑皮质“Wulst”区电位的影响。结果,黑暗时的电位可因光照而抑制;注射氯胺酮麻醉后,电位明显变小,再给黑暗和光照,电位均没有变化。表明大脑皮质参与了光照对鸡的生理调节过程。     

苹果渣替代麦麸饲喂雏鸡效果试验

选用400只商品代尼克红母雏,随机分为4组,每组100只,设5个重复,每个重复 20只。试验组日粮分别由基础日粮和用风干未发酵苹果渣粉、半干发酵苹果渣粉、膜发酵苹果 渣粉分别替代基础日粮中5％的麸皮。试期为6周。结果显示,添加半干发酵苹果渣粉组和膜 发酵苹果渣粉组试鸡6周龄平均体重及日增重显著高于喂基础日粮的对照组和风干未发酵苹 果渣粉组(P<0．05),喂基础日粮的对照组略高于风干未发酵苹果渣粉组,差异不显著 (P>0．05)。表明发酵苹果渣粉对雏鸡生长发育有显著的促进效果。     

日粮中添加柑桔皮粉对产蛋后期蛋鸡钙磷代谢的影响

将 48周龄黄金褐蛋鸡 10只随机分成两组 ,对照组喂基础日粮 ,试验组用 2 5 %的柑桔皮粉等量替代基础日粮中的玉米 ,结果表明 :试验组钙磷表观代谢率为 65 79%、46 3 9% ,钙比对照组 (62 3 0 % )提高了 3 49个百分点 (P <0 0 5 ) ,磷比对照组 (4 7 5 2 % )降低了 1 13个百分点 (P >0 0 5 )。     

Nutritive constituents of Silky fowl eggs: comparison with hen eggs of White Leghorn origin

In the present study, proportional parts, amounts of major constituents, vitamins, minerals and fatty acids composition of Silky fowl eggs were examined compared with those of hen eggs. The ratio of egg yolk weight to whole egg weight of Silky fowl egg was significantly larger than that of egg yolk of hen egg. The amount of cholesterol of Silky fowl eggs were significantly (P < 0.01) less than those of hen eggs. The amount of vitamins (B2, B6, D and E), calcium and potassium in Silky fowl eggs were significantly higher than those of hen eggs. Unsaturated fatty acids in Silky fowl eggs were 62.5% among total fatty acids, the unsaturated fatty acids of hen eggs were 53.9%. Especially, the contents of arachidonic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in Silky fowl eggs were significantly larger than in hen eggs.     

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves improved the egg and meat qualities and protected against ethanol‐induced oxidative damage in laying hens

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves (PE) were value resources due to various pharmacological activities, but data on the effect on laying hens are very scare. This study was conducted to determine the effect of PE on the laying performance, egg traits, meat quality, antioxidant status and liver tissues of laying hens. One hundred and twenty 256‐day‐old Yueqinhuang laying hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (different levels of PE at 0, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg diet) for 63 days with 15 replicates per group. Addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg trait by increasing the eggshell thickness and decreasing MDA production and cholesterol content in the egg yolk, but also significantly enhanced meat quality of hens, as suggested by the increase pH_45 min (p < .01) and a* value, and decrease drip loss rate (p < .01). Meanwhile, under acute ethanol‐induced oxidative damage condition, supplementation of 0.8 g/kg PE enhanced the serum antioxidant status by increasing enzymatic activities (GSH‐PX, T‐SOD, T‐AOC), inhibited oxidative damage and provided protective effect to liver tissue. In conclusion, addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg traits and meat quality without obvious adverse effects, but also increased the serum antioxidant status of the hens and protected their liver tissue from ethanol‐induced oxidative damage. This study indicated that PE could be utilized as an effective feed additive for laying hens to improve health performance and egg traits.     

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the egg quality,immune response,zinc retention,and blood parameters of laying hens in the late phase of production

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) on the performance, egg quality, Zn retention, immunity responses, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), egg malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and serum parameters in laying hens in the late phase of production. A total of 288 laying hens at 64 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 6 replicates, and 12 birds within each group. Experimental diets included a corn‐soybean meal‐based diet (without Zn supplementation) and a basal diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg of Zn‐oxide, ZnO‐NPs, and Zn‐methionine. The results indicated that egg production and egg mass were significantly higher in the Zn‐methionine and ZnO‐NPs groups (p < .05). Also, eggshell thickness and shell strength increased in the ZnO‐NPs group as compared with the other groups (p < .05). Moreover, Zn supplementation decreased egg loss (p < .05). There were significant differences among treatments in Zn deposition in tibiotarsus, liver, pancreas, eggs, and excreta (p < .01). Antibody titre, heterophil (%(, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were significantly higher in birds fed with Zn‐supplemented diets (p < .05). In treatments supplemented with ZnO‐NPs and Zn‐methionine, the SOD activity in the liver, pancreas, and plasma was greater as compared with the other treatments (p < .05). The MDA content in eggs was significantly reduced in groups supplemented with Zn (p < .01). Moreover, dietary Zn supplementation significantly affected serum total protein, albumin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase activity, carbonic anhydrase activity, and Zn level (p < .05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with ZnO‐NPs can improve the performance of laying hens. Therefore, ZnO‐NPs can enhance zinc absorption in the intestine of aged layers and can be a more suitable source of zinc than regular Zn‐oxide in diets.