Hybrid breeding for biomass yield in winter triticale: II. Combining ability and hybrid prediction

Accurate hybrid prediction and knowledge about the relative contribution of general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) are of utmost importance for efficient hybrid breeding. We therefore evaluated 91 triticale single-cross hybrids in field trials at seven environments for plant height, heading time, fresh biomass, dry matter content and dry biomass. Fresh and dry biomass showed the highest proportion (23%) of variance due to SCA. Prediction accuracies based on GCA were slightly higher than based on mid-parent values. Utilizing parental kinship information yielded the highest prediction accuracies when both parental lines have been tested in other hybrid combinations, but still moderate-to-low prediction accuracies for two untested parents. Thus, hybrid prediction for biomass traits in triticale is currently promising based on mid-parent values as emphasized by our simulation study, but can be expected to shift to GCA-based prediction with an increasing importance of GCA due to selection in hybrid breeding. Moreover, the performance of potential hybrids between newly developed lines can be predicted with moderate accuracy using genomic relationship information.     

鸡流行性腹泻病原的分离鉴定及特性研究

用胰蛋白酶处理发病鸡的粪便和肠内容物，接种Marc145细胞，盲传数代后，从山东不同地区发生流行性腹泻的鸡群中分离到轮状病毒，并对分离的轮状病毒的生物学特性和理化特性进行了部分研究。结果表明病毒粒子的形态呈车轮状、大小为70-80nm；其病毒基因组的电泳图谱为5：1：3：2；病毒在Marc145细胞上传到第9代时的TCID50为10^-4.62／0．1mL；该分离株病毒对氯仿、乙醚有抵抗力；对pH3．0处理60min稳定；50℃ 30min能使其感染力下降10^2；1mol／L MgCl2不能增强其对50℃ 60min的抵抗力。动物回归试验中接种两周龄SPF鸡，24h后陆续发病，表现为持续性水样腹泻，与自然发病相同；剖检可见病鸡脱水、小肠内有大量的液体和气泡、肠粘膜变薄；组织学变化为肠绒毛上皮坏死、脱落，绒毛平均长度减少而隐窝深度增加，固有层中淋巴细胞浸润。其临床症状及病理组织学变化与自然发病相同。因此确定发生在山东鸡流行件腹泻的病原为轮状病毒．     

小麦条锈病流行程度趋势预测专家系统雏型

本文运用知识工程语言 M·1构造了一个用于小麦条锈病流行程度趋势预测的专家系统雏型。专家的知识用产生式规则来表示。知识库中的知识规则可相对独立,便于知识库的扩充和完善。     

GI PiCO2: Tissue Specific Monitoring For Improving Patient Outcomes

Improvements in human patient monitoring despite their development in animals, do not always find their way into veterinary clinical use due to financial constraints. Gastrointestinal intraluminal CO₂ partial pressure (Gip₁CO₂) monitoring, however, is not only proving very beneficial in human trauma and critical patient care but is also very likely to become relatively inexpensive. By providing information on the perfusion adequacy of a high risk, critically important tissue, the GI mucosa, GI P₁CO₂ monitoring offers an easily accesible indicator of the efficacy and adequacy of resuscitative interventions. The potential for decreasing morbidity and mortality is enormous. Therefore, the practicing veterinarian should become familiar with GI P₁CO₂ monitoring theory and technology so he or she can be better prepared to incorporate it into practice when in becomes available.     

应用积分GM(1,1)模型进行杉木炭疽病预测预报的研究

以积分生成代替传统的累加生成方法 ,并用双向差分建立积分GM (1,1)灰色预测模型进行杉木炭疽病预测预报的研究 ,结果表明积分GM (1,1)模型能较好地预测杉木炭疽病在三明市的发生     

火鹤花衰退病诊断与检疫

本文描述了火鹤衰退病病害症状和2种穿孔线虫(香蕉穿孔线虫Rodopholus sim-ilis和柑橘穿孔线虫R．citrophilus)的鉴定特征，提出了检疫检验和疫情处理方法。     

Predicting the spatial distribution of ground flora on large domains using a hierarchical Bayesian model

Accomodation of important sources of uncertainty in ecological models is essential to realistically predicting ecological processes. The purpose of this project is to develop a robust methodology for modeling natural processes on a landscape while accounting for the variability in a process by utilizing environmental and spatial random effects. A hierarchical Bayesian framework has allowed the simultaneous integration of these effects. This framework naturally assumes variables to be random and the posterior distribution of the model provides probabilistic information about the process. Two species in the genus Desmodium were used as examples to illustrate the utility of the model in Southeast Missouri, USA. In addition, two validation techniques were applied to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the predictions.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

茭白纹枯病发生规律及产量损失测定

茭白纹枯病发生规律与产量损失的研究结果表明:高温高湿、种植过密、偏施氮肥、缺乏钾素是病害加重的主要原因;田间发病盛期在7月中旬至8月中旬;单茭重减低率与病级之间呈极显著线性相关;始病期越早,危害越重,产量损失也越大;病害危害程度与有效分蘖数(孕茭数)减少率、单茭重减低率、产量损失率之间呈高度正相关。在产量损失构成中,有效分蘖数的减少为主要因素。     

新亚欧大陆桥新疆段受损区段的灰色预测

在对新亚欧大陆桥新疆段受损区段、受损长度及受损频率和受损密度详尽分析的基础上，揭示了陆桥新疆段受损区段的时空分布规律。并依据灾害的时序分布特征，运用灰色原理和方法，根据受损区段数确立阈值和相应的年份序列，分别建立GM（1，1）模型，求出年份序列的序号响应式，并对实际值和理论预测结果进行了拟合检验，模型群的原点误差范围为0.198-1.314之间，平均误差为0.823-1.917，并同时预测了陆桥新疆段2001－2005年间可能的受损区段数。