泡桐假二叉分枝机理

在控制环境因子和遗传因子的条件下,以白花泡桐、毛泡桐、毛泡桐×白花泡桐和白花泡桐×毛泡桐的无性系为材料,运用物候学观察、杂交试验、树木逆境生理学试验、引种试验和反证法证明的方法研究了泡桐假二叉分枝机理.结果表明:冬季的低温胁迫和水分胁迫单独或共同的作用导致泡桐顶芽死亡.初步提出"低温-水分胁迫假说"(The hypothesis of low-temperature stress and water stress)作为泡桐假二叉分枝机理的理论解释.     

Lipid distribution in branching coral Montipora digitata

>ABSTRACT: The lipid profile was studied along the branch length, from the top, middle to base portion, of coral Montipora digitata to gain more insight into the physiological significance of lipids in the coral energy budget. The lipids of M. digitata consisted of seven major lipid classes: polar lipid, sterol, free fatty acid, unknown lipids 1 and 2, triacylglycerol (TG), and wax ester. The concentration of storage lipids, TG, and wax ester showed a top–base gradient along the length, whereas the levels of free fatty acid and unknown lipids showed a base–top gradient. The proportions of polar lipid and sterol in the top portion of the branch were slightly higher than those in the base portion. This observation appeared to be compatible with the view that the increased energy expenditure for proliferation enhanced the mobilization of the storage fuel lipids of wax ester and TG rather than the structure lipids of polar lipids and sterols at the top portion of the branch. Compositions of fatty acid also showed a length-wise diversity. The top portion had a lower proportion of palmitic acid (16   :   0) in all lipid classes of fatty acid ester, suggesting that this fatty acid was preferentially mobilized at the top portion, probably for the growth of coral cells.     

Quantitative trait loci for adventitious and lateral roots in rice

The mass of a root is determined by two underlying morphogenetic factors: (1) the length of the main root axis (root axis length: RAL), and (2) the amount of lateral root development generated by a unit length of the axis (branching index: BI). The mass of a rice adventitious root was partitioned into these two factors at the quantitative trait locus (QTL) level, using ‘Akihikari’ (a lowland cultivar as a recurrent parent) × ‘IRAT 109’ (an upland cultivar) backcross inbred lines. Four QTLs were detected for the dry weight of individual adventitious roots (root dry weight: RDW), which were associated with a QTL for RAL (chromosomes 1 and 9) or a QTL for BI (chromosomes 6 and 11). For BI, an additional QTL was detected on chromosome 1. The absence of co‐located QTLs suggested that RAL and BI are under separate genetic control. Despite its small population size and few replications, this study suggests that the partitioning of root mass into these underlying components could be useful for understanding the complexity involved in the genetic control of root growth.     

Developing gene-tagged molecular markers for functional analysis of starch-synthesizing genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The granule-bound starch synthase(GBSS), starch branching enzymes 1 (SBE1)and 3 (SBE3) are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in rice endosperm. Available sequences of Sbe1 and Sbe3 genes encoding corresponding SBE1 and SBE3 have been used to identify homologous regions from genome databases of both the indica rice 93-11 and the japonica rice Nipponbare. Sequence diversities were exploited to develop gene-tagged markers to distinguish an indica allele from a japonica allele for both Sbe1 and Sbe3 loci. With these newly developed gene-tagged markers and available Wx gene markers, the roles of these starch-synthesizing genes (Sbe1, Sbe3, and Wx) in determining amylose content (AC) in the rice endosperm were evaluated using a double-haploid (DH)population derived from a cross between the indica rice cv. Nanjing11 and the japonica rice cv. Balilla. Only the Wx and Sbe3 loci had significant effects on the AC variation. On average, indica Wx ^a genotypes showed ∼9.1% higher AC than japonica Wx ^b genotypes, while indica Sbe3 ^a genotypes showed ∼1.0% lower AC than japonica Sbe3 ^b genotypes. A significant interaction was also observed between Wx and Sbe3 loci whereby the amylose content was 0.3% higher in Sbe3 ^a than Sbe3 ^b genotypes in the presence of the Wx ^a allele, but it was lower by 2.3% in the presence of the Wx ^b allele. Overall, polymorphisms at the Wx and Sbe3 loci together could account for 79.1% of the observed AC variation in the DH population. The use of gene-tagged markers in marker-assisted selection and gene functional analysis was also discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

高等植物侧芽、侧枝的发生及调控

高等植物侧芽和侧枝的发育是受多种因素调节控制的.目前已经发现许多与侧生组织相关的基因,它们调控侧芽与侧枝的形成和发育,决定植株的形态结构;可长距离运输的信号物质在植物侧生组织的形成和发育、植物从营养生长到生殖生长的过渡中都发挥重要调控作用;植物激素参与了包括侧芽、侧枝的发育、植物的生长等多种生命过程的调节与控制;光周期经常和植物的基因型、植物激素等诸多种因子一起共同发挥作用,来调节植物侧生组织的形成和发育.调节植物的侧芽和侧枝发育的多种因素构成了一个网络系统,只有用综合研究的手段才可以知道网络系统中的各种因子之间的相互影响与相互作用.     

具有Allee效应的捕食者-食饵模型的进化动力系统

研究了具有 Allee 效应的捕食者-食饵种群显性特征的共同进化动力系统.得到了在对称作用下连续稳定策略和进化分支的生态条件和进化条件,食饵的分支能导致捕食者分支;证明了在对称作用下进化动力系统经历超临界Hopf分支和次临界Hopf分支,周期进化是随机突变和选择过程的可能结果.在对称作用下进化自杀不可能发生,然而,在非对称作用下当种群遭受Allee效应时,进化自杀可能发生.     

发枝素对国光苹果萌芽发枝效果的研究

萌芽力和成枝力低是国光苹果始果晚的限制因素,目前常规的农业技术措施尚不能解决这一问题。本研究在河北固安、霸县两地8年生同龄苹果园中同时进行,用拉丁方等田间设计方法,安排了3个因素(时期、部位、芽数)、9个水平的发枝素处理试验。1987年6月初对处理的162株树、11340个芽所得的实测数据,用数量化理论Ⅰ分析得出:(1)发枝素的使用对1年生枝的萌芽力和成枝力有显著效果。(2)萌芽前后不同时期应用发枝素有同等效果。(3)不同涂抹芽量在所用数量范围内不影响萌芽力。(4)在枝条的下部涂抹萌发效果最好。这些结果对萌芽力和成枝力差的国光等品种具有重要的实践意义。     

优质棉品种(系)的纤维品质差异性研究

系统研究了棉花高强纤维、长纤维和长强纤维配套材料的年度间及果枝部位间的品质差异 ,结果表明 :( 1 )棉株中下部纤维品质比较稳定 ,上部果枝纤维品质变异较大 ;( 2 )长纤维材料较其它两类材料具有较好的纤维品质稳定性 ;( 3)与 2 0 0 1年相比 ,2 0 0 2年度优质棉纤维品质明显下降 ,2 0 0 3年纤维长度好于 2 0 0 2但低于 2 0 0 1年 ,比强度继续下降 ,马克隆值变化较小。     

菊花BRC1b基因的分离与亚细胞定位

以切花菊‘神马’(Dendranthema grandiflora‘Jinba’)为材料,利用同源基因克隆法结合RACE技术克隆了侧枝相关重要基因BRANCHED1类似基因,命名为DgBRC1b。该基因开放阅读框有1 008bp,可编码335个氨基酸。蛋白对比发现,DgBRC1b所推测的氨基酸序列包含TCP家族转录因子的2个基本结构域。通过系统遗传进化树分析进一步表明DgBRC1b属于TB1亚家族。洋葱表皮亚细胞定位结果表明该基因定位于细胞核,进一步证明该基因可能为转录因子。     

植物分枝发育的遗传控制

植物分枝发育在植物形态建成中具有十分重要的地位,在受遗传决定的同时,也受环境的影响。近来植物分枝发育的研究取得了很大的进展,对分枝的发育控制进行了生理生化及功能基因组学和比较基因组学等方面的研究。在豌豆、拟南芥、矮牵牛、水稻、番茄和玉米中获得到很多与分枝发育相关的突变体,如与腋生分生组织的形成有关的revoluta(rev)、pinhead、monoculmI(moc1)、lateral suppressor（ls)、blind／torosa等突变体：与腋生分生组织的生长有关的more axillary growth(max)、ramosus(rms)、decreased apical dominance(dad)等突变体;与腋生分生组织的形成和生长都有关的、supershoot／bushy(sps／bus)、teosinte branchedl(tb1)等突变体。研究初步表明,分生组织的发育形成是通过激素和转录因子的调控网络相互作用而得到控制,并表明在不同的物种中分枝的发育控制既具有一定的保守性,又具有一定的特异性。