不同来源文冠果成品苗造林表现

对3个不同来源地的文冠果成品苗造林后的成活率及生育指标研究表明,成活率高低依次为中神木浩泽一年生成品苗(本地自育苗)、榆林佳县3年生成品苗、甘肃西北文冠果基地3年生成品苗。就地育苗就地移栽的浩泽一年生成品苗造林成活率高达93.33%,且第1年的生长量明显高于其他两个来源的。文冠果造林应在本地育苗。     

Assessment of genetic diversity among African cassava Manihot esculenta Grantz accessions resistant to the cassava mosaic virus disease using SSR markers

A study was conducted to determine the extent of genetic diversity among African cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions resistant to the cassava mosaic virus disease (CMD), using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The accessions included a breeding stock (clone 58308), five improved lines, 62 CMD resistant and 10 CMD susceptible landraces. Genetic diversity was assessed among accessions in five cluster groups derived from UPGMA analysis on data from 18 SSR primer pairs. Average gene diversity, He, was high in all cluster groups, with an average heterozygosity of 0.591 ± 0.061. The estimator of inbreeding Fis revealed a low level of inbreeding within groups and averaged −0.262 ± 0.142. Gene diversity among all accessions was 51.4% and gene diversity within cluster groups was 46.6%, while 4.8% was due to diversity between the different cluster groups. The amount of genetic differentiation measured by Gst and Fst were 9.6% and 12.1% respectively, indicating a weak genetic structure.     

跨界饮用水源地生态补偿标准定量研究——以平顶山市澧河跨界饮用水源地为例

跨界饮用水源地涉及保护者和受益者两种主体利益,要长期持续地确保饮用水安全,迫切需要引入生态补偿机制作为调节跨界饮用水源地上下游主体利益的经济政策。由于当前河南省生态补偿机制的主要手段是资金补偿,因此补偿标准的确定便成为生态补偿研究的核心内容。作者从核算上游饮用水源地成本投入和生态效益的差额入手,依据水源地水量确定跨界饮用水源地生态补偿标准。以平顶山市澧河跨界饮用水源地为例,平顶山市保护澧河境内饮用水源地的年均投入为2016．77万元,通过生态建设和生态修复而获得的年均生态经济效益为1292．36万元,根据投入成本和生态效益的差额最终确定澧河跨界饮用水源地生态补偿标准为下游取水需要对上游平顸山市补偿0．13元／m3。以上游生态建设成本投入和获得生态效益的差额作为确定跨界饮用水源地生态补偿标准的方法,不仅能够比较准确地测算上游地区的净投入,相对客观、公平地确定补偿金额,同时也能够有效建立上下游行政区的双向激励约束机制。     

原花青素功能及应用进展

综述了原花青素的来源、功能特性及其在食品、医药、化妆品领域的应用,并指出了原花青素生产中需要解决的问题,为原花青素的开发和应用提供了参考。     

我国农业面源污染对水体的影响及防治措施

通过分析中国化肥用量的变化与湖泊富营养化进程,揭示了农业面源污染的增加与水体污染的加重几乎同步,农业面源是造成水环境污染的重要因素。从农业面源污染负荷大、污染复杂和防治难度大三方面指出中国农业面源防治的艰巨性和长期性。最后提出建立防治农业面源污染的政策和法规、推广先进的科学技术和加强生态建设是防治中国农业面源对水体污染的重要措施。     

水产品加工企业物理性污染的可能来源及预防措施

在各种食品污染中,物理性污染是来源广、难控制、投诉较多的食品安全问题之一,并可能导致生物性和化学性危害。为帮助水产品加工企业有效控制物理性污染,减少顾客投诉和经济损失,提升企业形象,保障消费者健康安全,通过对多家水产品加工企业的调研,分析了从各种原辅材料采购、加工到成品出厂等一系列加工过程中可能带入的物理污染物及来源,提出各种具有可操作性的预防措施。     

襄阳古城表层土壤重金属污染特征研究

采集到襄阳古城71个表层土壤样品,测定了其中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn等8种重金属含量,用反距离加权插值法分析了重金属分布特征,用地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数进行了污染评价,并用主成分和聚类分析探讨了重金属污染来源。结果表明:襄阳古城表土样品中Hg的平均含量为1.04±1.10 mg kg~(-1),富集最为显著(可达70倍于背景值),其高浓度分布基本与居民区、污水处理厂、垃圾转运场以及人口密集区重合;Cd、Zn、Pb的平均含量分别为0.46±0.15 mg kg~(-1)、160.5±62.97 mg kg~(-1)和46.8±17.34 mg kg~(-1),也发生富集(可达数倍于背景值),高值总体沿NW-SE向分布,且三者的高值分布区域基本重合,指向交通繁忙地点;其它几种元素未明显富集。Hg总体出现中度至重度污染(I_(geo)平均2.52),达到了极高生态风险级别(潜在生态风险因子E_i平均519);Cd总体出现轻度至中度污染(I_(geo)平均0.77),达到较高生态风险级别(E_i平均80.65);Cu、Pb、Zn无污染至轻度污染(I_(geo)<1),As、Cr、Ni无污染(I_(geo)<0),它们为低生态风险级别(E_i<40);8种重金属总体达到了高生态风险级别(RI平均633)。襄阳古城表土样品中Hg主要来自垃圾和污水处理、燃煤等,Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb具同源性应主要源自交通和燃煤,As可能源自农药施用,Cr和Ni具同源性主要为自然来源。     

New Wild Lactuca Genetic Resources with Resistance Against Bremia lactucae

A total of 1027 genotypes of wild Lactuca spp. (L. serriola, L. saligna, and L. aculeata), originating from Israel, Jordan, East Turkey, Armenia, Kazakhstan, China, and various other countries in Europe were screened for resistance to the lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae Regel). The genotypes of L. serriola (N = 962); L. saligna (N = 43); and L. aculeata (N = 22) were tested at the seedling stage with two isolates of B. lactucae (race Bl-21 and Isr-74) isolated from cultivated lettuce in Italy and Israel, respectively. Altogether, the isolates possess virulence against 17 out of 20 Dm genes/R-factors composing the established differential set of lettuce lines/varieties. They could therefore be used for preliminary detection of the presence of new resistance factors. A total of 83 and three genotypes of L. serriola and L. saligna, respectively, were resistant to infection by each of the two isolates alone as well as to the infection by a mix of the two isolates. These genotypes probably carry previously unknown resistance, and therefore could be suitable for exploitation by breeders and further detailed research. The wild progenitor of lettuce, L. serriola, and related species harbor significant untapped genetic resources for lettuce improvement.     

不同锌源对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

将300日龄伊莎蛋鸡135只,随机分为3组,在基础日粮中分别添加50mg/kg锌的蛋氨酸锌、氧化锌,基础日粮为对照组,研究不同锌源对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。试验期30d。结果表明,日粮补锌对蛋鸡产蛋率、蛋壳质量及蛋黄锌含量有提高作用,但未发现不同锌源的显著差异。     

三江源地区教育生态补偿机制研究

在分析国内外对生态补偿机制研究的基础上,对三江源地区生态补偿的含义进行了界定,结合三江源地区生态及人文环境特点,提出了教育生态补偿的概念,并对补偿机制进行了探讨。